In the field of counseling, empirically supported treatments
Question 1In the field of counseling, empirically supported treatments
illustrate the spontaneous-remission effect.
are interventions for which empirical evidence of effectiveness exists.
refer to the fact that a number of individuals improve irrespective of any professional intervention.
are examples of placebo therapies.
Question 2According to the ACA, which is NOT one of the primary aims of professional counselors?
They use the medical model to help clients address severe mental disturbances.
They help clients identify goals and potential solutions to problems that cause emotional turmoil.
They help clients seek to improve communication and coping skills.
They promote behavioral changes and optimal mental health in their clients.
Question 3Which of the following statements applies to the American School Counseling Association (ASCA)?
It is the primary professional organization for professional counselors.
It has developed the National Standards for School Counseling Programs, which provide guidance at the national level for appropriate service delivery in schools.
It is a counseling approach developed by Carl Rogers that stresses the importance of the counseling relationship.
It is a branch of the American Psychological Association.
Question 4The ability of counselors to take care of their own psychological, emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being is called
psychological mindedness.
client-centered therapy.
burnout.
counselor self-care.
Question 5The graduate education of a__________ emphasizes both research and practice. It follows the scientist-practitioner model.
Clinical Psychologist (Psy.D.)
Clinical Psychologist (Ph.D.)
Licensed Clinical Social Workers (LCSW)
Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT)
Question 6Which of the following statements is likely to be an instance of cognitive restructuring?
“I’m a loser. Otherwise my spouse would still be with me.”
“I failed to pass a test, but my effort was minimal. If I study harder and ask for help, my grade will improve.”
“The score of my first math test indicates that I do not have the ability to do well in school. Thus, I need to quit as soon as possible.”
“I do not have a good job and it’s all my fault. I will never be able to succeed in life.”
Question 7The practitioner-scholar model
has been criticized for its heavy emphasis on using biological factors to explain mental disorders while devaluing potentially significant social factors.
proposes that graduate education and training in clinical psychology consist of both research and practice.
advocates that in graduate programs devoted to clinical psychology efforts spent on research can instead be devoted to clinical training.
is also known as the Boulder model.
Question 8Which of the following statements applies to counterconditioning?
It tries to overcome unconscious urges related to sex and aggression.
It relies heavily on cognitive restructuring (sometimes referred to as reframing).
It acknowledges that our thoughts may sometimes be irrational.
It involves replacing undesirable responses with desirable ones.
Question 9Impaired professionals are
counselors who have the ability to take care of their own psychological, emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being.
counselors whose own psychological concerns are interfering with their ability to work with others.
members of the field of professional psychology who specialize in addressing emotional, social, vocational, educational, health-related, developmental, and organizational concerns.
people who enter the counseling profession hoping their own experience with psychological problems will give them insight into their work with clients.
Question 10Which is the statement that most closely applies to behavioral therapy?
Self-actualization is its goal.
Dysfunctional behaviors are learned.
Maladaptive behaviors cannot be unlearned.
Adaptive behaviors cannot substitute for maladaptive behaviors.
Question 11In counseling, what does congruence mean?
It describes relationships in which a person is valued only when he/she meets the expectations of others.
It is an approach to counseling that emphasizes the knowledge and skills necessary to work with diverse groups.
It is a technique used in psychoanalysis in which a patient talks about whatever comes to mind in order to uncover unconscious memories.
It describes the personal quality of being open and honest about one’s thoughts and feelings.
Question 12In a counselor, psychological mindedness
is the inclination to see the world only through the lens of the culture in which one was raised.
is a service delivery that takes into account the diverse needs of clients as essential for effective practice.
is the ability to process information that can help counselors understand the motivations, challenges, and reasons for the behavior of clients.
Is a branch within psychology that works with families and couples in intimate relationships to foster change and development.
Question 13Which is the statement that does NOT refer to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
CTB is known to be successful in treating several disorders, especially depression and anxiety.
Cognitive restructuring is a critical component of CBT.
Its goal is to change behavior by modifying thinking.
Its goal is to promote a natural drive for individual growth and self-esteem through acceptance.
Question 14Which statement is an INACCURATE description of the field of clinical psychology?
Clinical psychology is largely an applied discipline that seeks to use scientific knowledge to create practical solutions.
Clinical psychology focuses on understanding and treating mental, emotional and behavioral disorders.
Clinical psychology is a subfield of psychology that attempts to apply theory and research to understand a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
Clinical psychology focuses exclusively on understanding how brain functioning influences different behaviors and thought processes.
Question 15Identify the statement that does NOT apply to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
Its content is largely uncontroversial.
It is a comprehensive listing of diagnostic criteria and statistics for mental health disorders.
It tends to classify and describe mental health disorders based on cultural expectations and stereotypes instead of behavioral science.
It was developed by the American Psychiatric Association.
Question 16The term psychoeducational program
is used to refer to
a general approach to counseling originally developed by Sigmund Freud.
an academic field devoted to the study of human behavior.
an approach to counseling that views problems as located not in the individual, but rather in the larger system (e.g., family) in which the individual lives.
a type of education that helps people (including students, faculty, and staff) understand the impact of mental health disorders and physical illnesses.
Question 17What is not one of the “four D’s” that define abnormal behavior?
desire
distress
deviance
danger
Question 18Which of the following statements does NOT describe counseling psychologists?
They focus exclusively on the needs of veterans with disabilities to ensure that their clients achieve independent living and vocational goals.
They focus on clients who have typical development concerns, such as the need for satisfying careers or healthy relationships (i.e., nonclinical populations).
They specialize in addressing emotional, social, vocational, educational, health-related, developmental, and organizational concerns.
They strive to develop a professional relationship with clients that empowers them to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals.
Question 19Consumer Reports found that nearly all forms of long-term professional psychotherapy help people overcome their problems (Consumer Reports, 1995). The survey conducted by Consumer Reports and its results have remained controversial though. Which among the following statements does NOT represent the criticism leveled against the survey and its findings?
the study of how brain functioning influences thoughts and behaviors is to be conducted in the laboratory by scientists.
the survey was voluntary and limited to one group (i.e., people who subscribe to Consumer Reports).
Subscribers who were not helped by psychotherapy might not have responded in the same proportion as those who benefited from it.
Subscribers might have found it psychologically difficult to give a negative assessment to an activity (i.e., psychotherapy) in which they had invested heavily (e.g., time and money).
Question 20Wechsler scales specifically__________.
assess psychopathological functioning
measure intelligence
measure personality
assess emotional states
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