He on his voyages in the Indian Ocean, The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores, 1451.
Document 4 Source: Ma Huan, Ming dynasty Muslim civil official who accompanied Admiral Zheng He on his voyages in the Indian Ocean, The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores, 1451. Foreign ships from every country and foreign merchants traveling by land flock to Hormuz* to trade; thus the people of the country are all rich. The king and the people profess the Muslim religion; they are reverent and sincere believers. Their customs are pure and honest. If a family meets with misfortune, everyone gives them clothes, food, and relieves their distress. Their civilian and military officials, physicians and scientists are decidedly superior to those of other non-Chinese places. The king of Hormuz sent a ship loaded with precious gifts and wrote a letter to the [Chinese] throne expressing his desire for peaceful relationships. That ship sailed with the Admiral [Zheng He] on his return to China. *a coastal city in southern Iran, at the entrance of the Persian Gulf Document 5 Source: Basilios Bessarion, Byzantine Greek who had become a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, letter to the Doge (ruler) of Venice, 1453 Constantinople has fallen!* A city which was recently flourishing, with such a great emperor, so prosperous, the head of all Greece, the splendor and glory of the East, the school of the best arts, the refuge of all good things has been captured, despoiled, ravaged, and completely sacked by these most inhumane barbarians and most savage enemies of the Christian faith, who are like the fiercest of wild beasts. The public treasure has been consumed, private wealth has been destroyed, the churches have been stripped of gold, silver, jewels, the relics of the saints, and other most precious ornaments. *Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was conquered by the Ottomans in 1453. Document 6 Source: Benedetto Accolti, Italian Renaissance historian and legal scholar, The Book on the War of the Christians against the Barbarians, history of the First Crusade, written in 1464. The Crusaders observed that] in the Muslims’ way of life, virtue and learning were neither honored nor rewarded, since nothing could be more hostile to their religion than virtue and knowledge of the arts and sciences. And so these Muslims in the Holy Land had turned to wasting their lives and to idleness, abandoning the pursuits worthy of a free man. With their minds captive and their spirits numbed, they were buried in the most profound darkness; they were able neither to lift themselves up, nor to behold the light of the true religion [Christianity]. Document 7 Source: Samuel Usque, Jewish scholar and poet who emigrated from Portugal to the Ottoman Empire, Consolation for the Tribulations of Israel, book published in Italy in 1553. Our adoptive city of Salonica* is the new mother of Israel. It has grown stronger on the foundations of our religion as more of our Jewish brothers have migrated here from Spain and Portugal. Jews of Europe and other countries who have been persecuted and banished have come here to seek refuge. The town and its government have received them with love and friendship, as if the city were our dear mother Jerusalem. *an ethnically and religiously diverse city in the Ottoman Empire This question is based on the accompanying documents. The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise. In your response, you will be assessed on the following. Respond to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a line of reasoning. Describe a broader historical context relevant to the prompt. . Support an argument in response to the prompt using all but one of the documents. . Use at least one additional piece of specific historical evidence (beyond that found in the documents) relevant to an argument about the prompt. For at least three documents, explain how or why the document’s point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience is relevant to an argument. Use evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the prompt. Evaluate the extent to which interactions between Muslim and non-Muslim communities affected attitudes toward Islam or Islamic culture in the period circa 1200-1750.
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