Compares and contrasts the pathophysiology between Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. (

The purpose of the graded collaborative discussions is to engage faculty and students in an interactive dialogue to assist the student in organizing, integrating, applying, and critically appraising knowledge regarding advanced nursing practice. Scholarly information obtained from credible sources as well as professional communication are required. Application of information to professional experiences promotes the analysis and use of principles, knowledge, and information learned and related to real-life professional situations. Meaningful dialogue among faculty and students fosters the development of a learning community as ideas, perspectives, and knowledge are shared.

 

Activity Learning Outcomes

 

Through this discussion, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

 

Compares and contrasts the pathophysiology between Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. (CO1)

 

Identifies the clinical findings from the case that supports a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. (CO3)

 

Explain one hypothesis that explains the development of Alzheimer’s disease (CO3)

 

Discuss the patient’s likely stage of Alzheimer’s disease (CO4)

 

Requirements

 

Read the case study below.

 

In your initial discussion post, answer the questions related to the case scenario and support your response with at least one evidence-based reference by Wed., 11:59 pm MT.

 

Respond to at least one peer and all faculty questions directed at you, using appropriate resources, before Sun., 11:59 pm MT.

 

Case Scenario

 

A 76-year -old man is brought to the primary care office by his wife with concerns about his worsening memory. He is a retired lawyer who has recently been getting lost in the neighborhood where he has lived for 35 years. He was recently found wandering and has often been brought home by neighbors. When asked about this, he becomes angry and defensive and states that he was just trying to go to the store and get some bread.

 

His wife expressed concerns about his ability to make decisions as she came home two days ago to find that he allowed an unknown individual into the home to convince him to buy a home security system which they already have. He has also had trouble dressing himself and balancing his checkbook. At this point, she is considering hiring a day-time caregiver help him with dressing, meals and general supervision why she is at work.

 

Past Medical History: Gastroesophageal reflux (treated with diet); is negative for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke or head injury or depression

 

Allergies: No known allergies

 

Medications: None

 

Family History

 

Father deceased at age 78 of decline related to Alzheimer’s disease

 

Mother deceased at age 80 of natural causes?

 

No siblings

 

Social History

 

Denies smoking

 

Denies alcohol or recreational drug use?

 

Retired lawyer

 

Hobby: Golf at least twice a week

 

Review of Systems

 

Constitutional: Denies fatigue or insomnia

 

HEENT: Denies nasal congestion, rhinorrhea or sore throat.??

 

Chest: Denies dyspnea or coughing

 

Heart: Denies chest pain, chest pressure or palpitations.

 

Lymph: Denies lymph node swelling.

 

Musculoskeletal: denies falls or loss of balance; denies joint point or swelling

 

General Physical Exam??

 

Constitutional: Alert, angry but cooperative

 

Vital Signs: BP-128/72, T-98.6 F, P-76, RR-20

 

Wt. 178?lbs., Ht.?6’0″, BMI 24.1

 

HEENT

 

Head normocephalic; Pupils equal and reactive to light bilaterally; EOM’s intact

 

Neck/Lymph Nodes

 

No abnormalities noted ?

 

Lungs?

 

Bilateral breath sounds clear throughout lung fields.

 

Heart?

 

S1 and S2 regular rate and rhythm, no rubs or murmurs.?

 

Integumentary System?

 

Warm, dry and intact. Nail beds pink without clubbing. ?

 

Neurological

 

Deep tendon reflexes (DTRs): 2/2; muscle tone and strength 5/5; no gait abnormalities; sensation intact bilaterally; no aphasia

 

Diagnostics

 

Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): Baseline score 12 out of 30 (moderate dementia)

 

MRI: hippocampal atrophy

 

Based on the clinical presentation and diagnostic findings, the patient is diagnosed with Alzheimer’s type dementia.

 

Discussion Questions

 

Compare and contrast the pathophysiology between Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia.

 

Identify the clinical findings from the case that supports a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. ?

 

Explain one hypothesis that explains the development of Alzheimer’s disease

 

Discuss the patient’s likely stage of Alzheimer’s disease.

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