A healthful weight defined
Chapter 13:
How is a healthful weight defined? What is the definition of underweight? Normal weight? Overweight? Obesity? Morbid obesity?
BMI: What does it measure? (You don’t need to know the formula) Why is it used? What is a limitation in using it to assess health?
What are some ways to calculate body composition? Be familiar with the pros and cons of various methods (Figure 13.2)
Fat Distribution Patterns: Which body type has an increased risk for chronic diseases? What methods can be used to determine type of fat patterning?
Understand the concept of energy balance; Focus Figure 13.4 is a good summary. How many extra kcalories will result in a gain of 1 pound of fat? (in other words, how many kcalories does 1 # of fat store?)
What is BMR? What are some factors that affect it? (Table 13.1)
What is the Thermic Effect of Food?
What percentage of a typical person’s energy output is from physical activity?
What does the FTO gene do? What role does physical activity play in reducing its influence?
What is the thrifty gene theory? Who is most likely to carry it?
What is the set point theory? It is possible to change one’s set-point?
What is the drifty gene hypothesis?
What are some metabolic factors that can influence weight loss and gain?
What is leptin and what does it do? Do the obese have low levels of leptin?
What are ghrelin and peptide YY, and what do they do?
How does the number of uncoupling proteins (or having more active uncoupling proteins) affect weight maintenance?
Cultural, economic, psychological and social factors that influence body weight—we will cover this in this week’s discussion.
What are some of the chronic diseases linked to obesity? (Note how long the list is!)
What makes obesity a multifactorial disease? What are the predominant themes?
What are the prescription medications currently being used for weight loss? How do they work? Are dietary supplements advisable as a weight loss method?
What are some risks with weight loss surgery? Is liposuction an effective means of reducing body fat and/or chronic disease?
How can you detect a fad diet?
Diets High in Carbs and Moderate in Fat and Protein, Low Carb Diets and Low Fat Diets: What are some of the benefits and drawbacks to each of these? Which would you recommend to someone who wanted to lose weight?
What are some recommendations for sound weight loss? (pp. 529-534)
Nutrition Myth or Fact: Does consuming a high carb, moderate fat diet lead to weight loss? What are some reasons why this diet may not have improved the health of the participants? What is the healthiest approach to reduce chronic disease risk?
Content Questions for Chapter 14.5:
Define Eating Disorder. How does an eating disorder differ from disordered eating?
How do genes, family, media, personality, media and culture contribute to the development of an eating disorder?
In-Depth: What is the definition of muscle dysmorphia? What are its symptoms? Does it impact men only?
Define: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa
What are the diagnostic criteria used to diagnose someone with anorexia? What are some of the symptoms/health risks? (Figure 2)
What are the diagnostic criteria used to diagnose bulimia? What are the symptoms of bulimia? What are some of the health risks of bulimia?
Define Binge Eating Disorder. What are the criteria for diagnosis? What are some health risks?
What is Night-Eating Syndrome? What three disorders combine to make this syndrome?
What are the diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa?
Female Athlete Triad: what are the three components? Are athletes in certain sports at greater risk for developing this disorder?
Chapter 7:
What is metabolism? Anabolism? Catabolism?
What is ATP?
Can the body make glucose from glycerol? From fatty acids? (See figure 7.15) Can fatty acids be used by the body to make ATP, and thus energy? (See figure 7.17)
Ketones Are a By-product of Fat Catabolism, pp. 270-272. When glucose isn’t available, how does the body use ketone bodies? Is ketosis a desirable state for the body? What are some of the symptoms of ketoacidosis?
If protein is eaten in excess of what is needed by cells for building and repair of tissues, what happens? Can excess protein be stored as body fat? Why does a person on a high-protein diet need more water?
Table 7.1 Can carbohydrate, triglycerides, protein, and alcohol all be used for energy? Can they all be stored as triglycerides (body fat)? What part of fats can be used to make glucose? Note that most of the weight of fats is in the form of fatty acids, which CAN NOT be used to make glucose–this is why eating inadequate carbohydrate results in protein being used to make glucose.
How is Energy Stored? Where is dietary glucose stored in the body, and in what form? Dietary triglycerides? Dietary proteins?
How Do Feeding and Fasting Affect Metabolism? (p. 284-288) In a short-term fast, how does the body meet its need for glucose and energy? In a prolonged fast? What are some of the energy-conserving tactics the body initiates?
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