Which of the following tools are considered to be a tool to use just prior to creating a control chart?
Which of the following tools are considered to be a tool to use just prior to creating a control chart?
A. Pareto chart
B. Flow chart
C. Affinity chart
D. Run chart
Which of the following is NOT an example of a smaller-is-better quality target?
A. Employee injuries during the 4th quarter
B. Late deliveries to the regional offices
C. Customer complaints regarding the help desk response time
D. Fuel efficiency of a newly released automobile model
“Which of the following tools can be used for a cause/effect analysis?
I. Interrelationship diagram
II. Fishbone diagram
III. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
IV. Design of Experiments
Which of the following tools can be used for a cause/effect analysis?
I. Interrelationship diagram
II. Fishbone diagram
III. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
IV. Design of Experiments
A. I and II only
B. I, II, and III only
C. II only
D. All of the above
The Project charter does all of the following EXCEPT
A. Clarifies what is expected of the team
B. Keeps the team focused
C. Transfers ownership of the process to the Six Sigma team
D. Keeps the team aligned with business objectives
“Which of the following is TRUE of a process in “”statistical control””?
I. The process is not being affected by special causes
II. The process is being affected by assignable causes
III. All the points are within the control limits
IV. The points are randomly dispersed about the mean
V. There are no freak patterns
A. I, II, III, and V only
B. I, II, IV, and V only
C. I, III, IV, and V only
D. All of the above
“Which of the following do NOT belong in a project charter?
I. Customer requirements
II. Project scope
III. Project success criteria
IV. Team members
V. Project deadlines
A. III only
B. III and IV only
C. III and V only
D. None of the above
Prior to a long-term capability study
A. A measurement system evaluation should be conducted
B. The process needs to be in statistical control
C. Only A
D. Both A and B
The measure phase of DMAIC includes each of the following EXCEPT
A. Designing data collection plans
B. Collecting data
C. Using the data to describe the process
D. Identifying the root cause
Which statement is true of a scatter diagram?
A. Correlation on a scatter diagram implies causality
B. A scatter diagram predicts cause and effect
C. Shows the strength of relationship between two variables
D. As x increases, y decreases – shows a positive correlation
“Which of the following tools allows a team to
A.) prioritize a long list of ideas without creating a win-lose situation in the team and
B.) allows the team to separate the critical few items from a long list of ideas?
A. PDPC
B. Fishbone diagram
C. Multi-voting
D. CTQ tree
If management will only budget to run a maximum of 10 experimental trials (2 levels), but demands that the experiment is at resolution IV or greater (meaning a 1/2 fractional factorial), what is a viable choice for the team?
A. Experiment on 5 factors.
B. Experiment on 4 factors for one set of trials.
C. Experiment on 4 factors with one set of trials and one additional replicate/repeat.
D. Experiment using 2 factors, with one set of trials and two (2) additional replicates/repeats.
Each of the following tools would be useful in analyzing customer data EXCEPT
A. Pareto chart
B. Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)
C. Control chart
D. House of Quality
All of the following is true of a Measurement System Analysis EXCEPT
A. Measure the same item repeatedly to determine variation
B. Quantifies the amount of variation due to measurement error
C. Commonly done in the Control phase of DMAIC
D. Determines if the team needs to improve the measurement system
We measure and focus on the lifetime worth of customers for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A. Loyal customers constitute a high percentage of sales and profit growth
B. Customer retention creates repeat sales
C. Lifetime-worth calculations are required in standard accounting practices
D. Customer retention is cheaper than winning new customers
With FMEA, ultimately you are looking to find the:
A. Risk Priority Number (RPN)
B. Frequency of Occurrence (FOC)
C. Severity
D. Probability of Detection
“The project team lead told you that he wanted to measure short-term capability.
His goal in doing so was to determine if the process was meeting customer requirements. He calculated Cp and Cpk and got 1.5 and 1.3, respectively.
However, the team lead couldn’t remember if this meant the process was meeting customer requirements or not. What would you tell him?
A. The process is capable, but not acceptable
B. The process is not capable nor acceptable
C. The process is stable
D. The process is capable, but not necessarily acceptable
Which of the following is TRUE about a Pareto chart?
A. The bars should be stacked in decending (downward) direction from the LEFT.
B. The bars are listed in ascending (upward) order from the LEFT.
C. The bar that represents the category “miscellaneous” is always the smallest bar
D. The Pareto chart is used so that the team can find the “vital many”
Which of the following is a tool for determining the optimal time for accomplishing a project and for graphically displaying the flow of activities that lead to its achievement?
A. PDPC
B. Activity Network Diagram
C. Flow chart
D. FMEA
The ______ is the numerical aim of the process that is performed for the quality characteristic of interest.
A. Target value
B. Specification limit
C. Control limit
D. All of the above
All of the following are true of the activity network diagram EXCEPT
A. Tasks are linked showing the project path
B. Contains a detailed breakdown of tasks
C. The critical path may be determined
D. A powerful tool for predicting project success
All of the following describe the purpose of the project charter EXCEPT
A. Document that defines the project
B. Document the addresses the driving business need
C. Document that includes lessons learned
D. Document that authorizes the project
Which of the following sets of tools are typically used to illustrate that a normally distributed set of data will have almost all of its values within +/- three standard deviations of the mean?
A. Histogram and control chart
B. Control chart and run chart
C. Run chart and stem-and-leaf plot
D. Run chart and frequency distribution
The _______ usually contains, at a minimum, goals, objectives, scope, list of team members, and timeline.
A. Business case
B. Project charter
C. Problem statement
D. Tactical plan
“You are evaluating the capability of a process. Standard deviation (s) is 5. Customers have said that they will accept units ranging between 35 and 60.
The location of the mean is unknown, but your boss wants to know if the process is capable of performing to customer specifications if the mean of the data was centered between specification limits.
What would you say?”
A. The process isn’t capable no matter how you try to center it
B. The process is capable, but not acceptable
C. The process is capable and acceptable
D I need to know more information before I can give you an answer
Which of the following is typically a custom-designed form for the purpose of collecting specific data?
A. A control chart
B. A check sheet
C. A Pareto chart
D. A run chart
According to popular Six Sigma philosophy:
A. Cp and Cpk should be greater than 1.33
B. Cp and Cpk should be greater than 1.50
C. Standard deviation should be greater than 6
D. Standard deviation should be less than 6
Attribute charts have ONLY ONE SECTION on the control chart compared to CONTINUOUS DATA control charts because: A. Attribute data does not have a range. Therefore, there is no range chart. B. Attribute data does not have an average value; Therefore, there is not an x-bar section on the chart. C. Attribute data is not statistical. D. Attribute data should not be included in control charts.
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Six Sigma project charter?
A. Leader and team members
B. Meeting dates and targets
C. Mission, scope, and objectives
D. Assumptions about the solutions
Following is a data set. What is the range WITH INCLUSION? Knowing this is important when calculating cell intervals for histograms.
A. 6.7
B. 7.7
C. 6.6
D. 6.8
Which of the following measures of central tendency is the BEST choice to use?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D None are necessarily the BEST
When would you use a DFSS methodology?
A. When a business wants to reduce variation in a process
B. When the team has a broken process that they want to fix
C. After process has been designed, tested, and implemented
D. An organization has chosen to redesign a process
Given a Cp of 1.1, which of the following statements is true?
A. The process is demonstrating long-term capability
B. No defects should be expected
C. The process is capable but not acceptable
D. The process is capable and acceptable
You are creating a flow chart, you come to a juncture where “If customer complaints increase, you will go to Solution A, and if customer complaints stay the same or decrease, go to B. What symbol do we use?
A. Diamond
B. Oval
C. Rectangle
D. Arrow
All of the following are typical characteristics of the Forming Stage of Team Development EXCEPT
A. Team members become familiar with each other
B. Team members prioritize collaboration and consensus building
C. Team members are excited about the task but cautious
D. Team members are unclear about their fit within the team
The nominal group technique is a variation on which of these other leading Six Sigma tools?
A. Brainstorming
B. The Critical Path Technique
C. Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)
D. Interrelationship diagram
Control charts:
A. Control the process
B. Distinguish “common cause” from “special cause” variation
C. Manipulates factors at different levels to see their effect on some desired result
D. Are a combination of factors that influence the production of a result
The mode is
A. The most frequently occurring value
B. A dispersion statistic
C. Arranging the data in order, then it is the middle number
D. Same as the arithmetic mean
Upon completion of a brainstorming session, the team might want to:
A. Challenge any of the ideas presented
B. Boil the list down to a more manageable size
C. Create scope expansion
D. Discourage any “piggybacking” on ideas presented
When Cpk is equal to Cp, we know that
A. Cpk needs to be improved
B. The process is centered
C. The process in not operating at optimal performance
D. The process is within spec
When we are talking about a nominal-is-best quality target, the word “nominal” means which of the following?
A. A variable target
B. A named or specified target
C. A mean
D. An average
Data from a process shows the following number of defects from 15 samples. Which control chart should be used?defects 4 8 3 4 1 5 8 7 3 2 6 7 5 9 5Samplesize 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
A. u B. p C. c D. np
“You are evaluating the steps in a core process using an FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis). The scales to rate severity, occurrence, and detection have been created and agreed upon by the team. How would you use the FMEA to prioritize the critical process steps?
I. Prioritize based on the severity of the failure mode
II. Prioritize based on how often the cause of the failure occurs
III. Prioritize based on the ability to control the failure
A. I only
B. II only
C. Multiply I and II (also known as “criticality”)
D. Multiply I, II, and III (I x II x III)
“The range chart of the x-barR chart monitors
I. Dispersion
II. Central tendency of the data
III. Adequate discrimination
IV. Subgroup averages
V. Range of the subgroups
A. I only
B. I and III only
C. I, III, and V only
D. I, III, IV, and V only
What is the median of the following distri+bution?
A. 14.05
B. 13.5
C. 14.6
D. 14.5
Which of the following statements DO NOT describe the role of control limits?
A. Identifies if the process is operating as expected
B. Identifies if corrective action is needed
C. Defines limits of random variation
D. Defines the Voice of the Customer
A normally distributed process exhibited the following:Mean: 59Standard Deviation: 3Upper specification limit: 70Lower specification limit: 40Which of the following is correct?
A. Ppk = 1.45
B. Ppk = 1.56
C. Ppk = 2.11
D. Ppk = 1.22
What are two ways we can improve a process?I. Complete a charterII. Shift the process meanIII. Reduce variationIV. Conduct brainstorming sessions
A. I and III only
B. II and III only
C. II and IV only
D. I and IV only
The Kano model is used to:
A. To separate the expected from the unexpected
B. To understand the customer market
C. Determine cause and effect
D. Precontrol an existing process
An output of the DEFINE phase of DMAIC is:
A. A fully saturated fractional factorial designed experiment
B. Identification of root cause
C. Control plan
D. Project charter
All of the following are outputs of the Measure phase of DMAIC EXCEPT
A. Baseline data
B. Identification of the root cause
C Understanding of the process
D. Systematically gathered information
“You have just conducted a focus group and collected the voice of the customer. You have learned that one of your customers’ primary concerns is waiting in line.
With further probing, they agreed that waiting longer than five minutes is too long. Which of the following is the best example of a critical-to-quality (CTQ) measure of your voice of the customer? “
A. Customer wait times
B. Number of customers waiting in line less than five minutes
C. Total number of customers waiting in line
D. Number of customers waiting in line longer than five minutes
Which of the following definitions are NOT associated with a rational subgroup?
A. Homogeneous
B. Essentially alike
C. Product produced approximately at the same time
D. One part is produced every hour
Which of the following statements are TRUE about Design of Experiments?
A. A resolution IV experiment means that main effects are confounded with 2-way interactions and 2-way interactions are aliased with other 2-way interactions
B. A resolution III experiment means that NOTHING is confounded with main effects
C. A resolution V experiment means that NOTHING is confounded with main effects
D. A resolution V experiment means that main effects are confounded with 4-way interactions
Which of the following tools is a focused methodology for carefully listening to the voice of the customer and then effectively responding to those needs and expectations? A. SIPOC
B. Control chart
C. QFD
D. Design of Experiments
Throughput time is an example of:
A. A “nominal is best” quality characteristic
B. A “larger is better” quality characteristic
C. A “smaller is better” quality characteristic
D. A “dynamic is better” quality characteristic
All of the following are logical next steps once the “outcome or effect” has been identified in an interrelationship diagram/ diagraph EXCEPT
A. The outcome becomes a key focus for planning
B. The outcome becomes an important measure to monitor improvement
C. The outcome is the issue that the team typically targets first
D. The outcome is highlighted to clarify its importance
A Defect Location Check Sheet:
A. Is a structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data that provides a visual image of the item being evaluated so that data can be collected visually rather than with words.
B. Is a tool to separate aliasing from confounding of factors.
C. Is a time-series run chart for identifying point out of control.
D. All of the above
Which of the following is a GOAL of the tree diagram?
A. A tree diagram should be developed systematically through each level to ensure that the team is not quickly jumping to incorrect solutions based on assumptions rather than facts
B. The tree diagram moves the team from ‘specific details’ and moves toward ‘general details’.
C. The tree diagram has a basic goal to identify the “trunk” — the body of the item being studied
D. None of the above
Please provide your answer in the rich text box.
A. Should be approximately 10 to 15 percent of the population
B. Is used to minimize the cost associated with data analysis
C. Are used to estimate characteristics of a population
D. Must not be selected randomly
“You are in the Define phase and decide to review the problem statement in the project charter. Which of the following characteristics should NOT be included in a problem statement?
I. Solution(s)
II. Symptoms of the problem
III. Root cause(s)
IV. Metrics
V. Baseline data
A. IV and V
B. I and II
C. I and III
D. I, II, and III
“Which of the following describes stakeholders for a Six Sigma project?
I. Process owners affected by the project
II. People who can influence the project
III. Managers whose budgets will be affected by the project
IV. Customers who purchase the product
V. Suppliers who provide materials for the process
VI. Your organization’s financial department”
A. I, II, III, IV, and V only
B. I and III only
C. I, III, IV, and V only
D. All of the above
“Which of the following would be the most typical tools for the DEFINE phase of DMAIC?
I. Kano model
II. Pareto chart
III. Control chart
IV. SIPOC
V. Affinity diagram
VI. DOE
VII. CTQ tree
A. I, II, IV, V, and VII only
B. I, II, and VII only
C. I, II, and IV only
D. All of the above
“Which of the following are reasons for tollgate reviews?
I. Team motivation
II. Team appreciation
III. Guidance
IV. Common understanding
V. Team alignment – reinforce priorities
VI. Agreement about next steps
VII. Lessons learned
VIII. Project kill point
A. I, II, III, and VIII only
B. III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII only
C. VI and VIII only
D. All of the above
All of the following are ideas to identify poka yoke opportunities EXCEPT
A. Look for the source of defect, not just the defect
B. Identify the root cause
C. Recognize that the root cause is often the employee
D. Understand the rate of the defect over time
The following is true about a prioritization matrix
A. Includes statistical weighting to understand the strength of relationships between factors
B. Determines statistical correlation
C. Differentiates the vital few from the trivial many
D. Shows a prioritization of the factor or factors that contribute to the production of a result
Which of the following principles were associated with W Edwards Deming?
A. 14 obligations of top management
B. Seven deadly diseases
C. Both a and b
D. Neither a nor b
Each of the following is TRUE of an Activity Network Diagram EXCEPT
A. Each activity is plotted in the order of what needs to be done first, second, etc.
B. The time expected to accomplish each activity is noted on the diagram
C. The importance of each task is used to define the critical path
D. The diagram illustrates tasks that may be performed in parallel or at the same time (concurrently)
Stockholders, customers, suppliers, management, and employees are good examples of what might be considered as_____.
A. The “voice of the process”
B. Stakeholders
C. Sponsors
D. Suppliers
“Which of the following are valid methods for identifying customer needs and requirements?
I. Written surveys
II. Focus groups
III. Phone interviews
IV. Internet polls
V. 800 phone numbers
VI. Warranty records”
A. I, II, III, V, and VI only
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. All of the above
“What are the characteristics of good project charter objectives?
I. Measurable
II. Time-bound
III. Specific
IV. In order from largest to smallest
V. Achievable
VI. Realistic”
A. I, III, IV, and VI only
B. II and IV only
C. I, II, III, V, and VI only
D. All of the above
“Which of the following OTHER NAMES for common-cause variation?
I. Normal distribution
II. Expected variation
III. Bell curve
IV. Chance cause
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, III, and IV
The Activity Network Diagram SHOULD BE completed..
A. After the project charter has been established.
B. Before the sponsor/champion has been designated.
C. After the control plan has been established.
D. As soon as the project has been identified.
An example of a key stroke is typing a letter or number on a keyboard. Is the number of key strokes that a worker can produce per day an example of
A. Discrete data
B. Parity data
C. Continuous data
D. Qualitative data
A process that is capable indicates
A. The process is acceptable
B. The process is centered
C. The process variation is greater than the width of the specification window
D. The process variation is less than the width of the specification window
Which statement is NOT true of control limits?
A. Represent the amount of expected variation in the data
B. Are approximately three standard deviations from the mean
C. Reflect how predictably the process performs
D. Should not be recalculated
All of the following describe the role of project champion EXCEPT
A. Helps remove obstacles for the team
B. Selects Black Belts and Green Belts for the project
C. Trains Black Belts and Green Belts
D. Manages lessons learned
What does a negative Cpk indicate?
A. Always is a math error
B. The process average is out of specification
C. The process standard deviation is negative
D. The process mean is closer to the lower specification
A Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) is typically used for the following situation:
A. In complex analysis, when the team wants to know, “What could go wrong”?
B. When you want to know the most likely time a project will take
C. When you want to know the least likely time a project will take
D. When you want to know the risk priority number so that you can avert a mode of failure
“Which of the following characteristics of Six Sigma has helped Six Sigma become one of the leading management strategies to improve business results?
I. Driven by top leadership
II. Integrated with business strategies
III. Bottom line cost benefit
IV. Disciplined approach
V. Well-defined roles and infrastructure
VI. Statistical and data-based decisions
VII. Customer and process focus”
A. I and VII only
B. I, VI, and VII only
C. I, III, VI, and VII only
D. All of the above
All of the following steps typically occur by the Analyze stage of the project EXCEPT
A. The team has a sense of momentum
B. The team has identified lessons learned
C. The team has identified “low hanging fruit” or quick wins
D. The team is interacting well and using collaborative techniques
What is true about a process?
A. A combination of factors that influence some result
B. The manipulation of various factors at different levels to see their effect on some desired result
C. Both a and b
D. Neither a nor b
If the confidence is 99%, how is the significance derived?
A. 99 divided by 2
B. 100 minus 99
C. 99 divided by n-1
D. The square root of (99 divided by n-1)
Which of the following names appropriately describe the “mean” of the x chart portion of the x-bar, R Chart?
A. The grand average (also known as the grand average, or x-double-bar)
B. x-bar
C. The moving average
D. The subgroup average
One of the fundamentals of brainstorming is to:
A. Quickly determine root cause
B. Separate the good ideas from the marginal ideas
C. Encourage an atmosphere of trust where no matter how ridiculous the idea might be, the team will not criticize it
D. Thoroughly discuss each idea before moving onto the next idea
The beauty of using a stem-and-leaf plot is that:
A. The raw data is preserved and displayed
B. It can be used when you have less than five data values
C. One can calculate the mean and standard deviation using a simple $15 calculator
D. It not only shows correlation; it also shows causation
What should be done with expected variation?
A. Process settings should be continuously adjusted toward the nominal
B. The variation should be reduced
C. Continue monitoring the process for assignable-cause variation
D. Both B and C
A critical activity occurs after every phase in DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). This activity is designed, among other things, to review the team’s progress and obtain a go or no-go decision on the project. Which of the following best describes this activity? A. Plan-Do-Check-Act (or PDCA) B. Tollgate review C. Project charter review D. Hypothesis testing
An example of continuous data might be:
A. The thickness of a 12 millimeter part
B. The number of defects found per linear foot of tubing
C. The number of people in a stadium
D. All of the above
When using a control chart which of the following is a TRUE statement?
A. You want at least six (6) units of measure between zero and the upper control limit of the AVERAGES
B. You want at least six (6) units of measure between zero and the upper control limit of the RANGES
C. Both statements are true
D. Neither statement is true
Which of the following tools would you NOT use to illustrate a normal distribution?
A. Frequency distribution
B. Histogram
C. Pareto chart
D. Bell curve
What is an advantage of using a stem and leaf plot over a histogram?
A. It uses averages instead of individual measurements, and averages vary less than individuals
B. The raw data is preserved and presented
C. It makes the underlying sources of variation visible
D. It accounts for a shift in the mean
Which of the following is a mean-sensitive capability index?
A. Cp
B. Cpk
C. Range chart
D. Stem-and-leaf
Your team lead wanted to find out if her process was capable and operating within customer requirements. X-bar of the process equals 100, and the short term standard deviation (s) is 10. Customers indicate that they are satisfied as long as the process performs between 70 and 120. Calculate the capability using the correct index. A. Cp = 0.83 and Cpk = 0.33
B. Cp = 0.83 and Cpk = 0.67
C. Cp = 1.2 and Cpk = 0.67
D. Cp = 1.2 and Cpk = 1.00
Which of the following tools is a systematic and advanced form of problem solving that is associated with Ishikawa? A. Kano model B. Fishbone diagram C. Brainstorming D. Activity network diagram
Prior to performing a capability analysis, it is recommended that the following be true
A. The process should be in statistical control
B. The process should be independent
C. The process should exhibit special cause variation
D. The process should be defect-free
One hundred percent inspection
A. Is efficient
B. Is NOT 100% effective.
C. Follows a philosophy of prevention
D. As a rule, catches nearly 100% of the defects
Which of the following responsibilities are typically NOT part of the role of the project champion? A. Eliminates barriers B. Ensures availability of resources C. Communicates progress of team to upper management D. Supervises daily process operations
The power of inviting participation is that it creates:
A. Self-actualization
B. An atmosphere where we get the most out of the group (synergy)
C. Peer approval
D. The impetus for motivation
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