The addiction process involves a three-stage cycle including:

Question 1The addiction process involves a three-stage cycle including:

 

  Withdrawal

 

  Disease

 

  Tolerance

 

  Intoxication

 

  Preoccupation

 

 Question 2Match the terms with the correct definition.

 

Inability to resist urges, deficits in delaying gratification, and unreflective decision-making.

 

Removal of a stimulus to increase the probability of a behavior

 

Repetitive behaviors in the face of adverse consequences and are inappropriate to a particular situation

 

Presentation of a stimulus to increase the probability of a behavior

 

Question 3The rewarding affects of substances involve activity in the nucleus accumbens by activating which neurotransmitters?

 

  Dopamine and serotonin

 

  Glutamate and dopamine

 

  Opioid and serotonin

 

  Opioid and dopamine

 

 Question 4Symptoms of withdrawal only occur with certain hard drugs like cocaine and heroin, regardless of the frequency of use.

 

  True

 

  False

 

Question 5What are the two fastest ways to get a drug to the brain.

 

  Transdermal

 

  Smoking

 

  Ingesting

 

  Injecting

 

 Question 6Match the addiction cycle stage with the disrupted brain area.

 

Withdrawal/negative affect

 

Preoccupation/anticipation

 

Binge/intoxication

 

Question 7Brain imaging studies in humans with addiction have consistently shown long-lasting decreases in which type of receptor compared with non-addicted individuals.

 

  Opioid

 

  Dopamine

 

  Glutamate

 

  Serotonin

 

Question 8Studies have shown that when an addicted person is given a stimulant, it causes a larger release of dopamine than when the same dose is given to a person who is not addicted.

 

  True

 

  False

 

Question 9Taking drugs or alcohol to lessen the symptoms of withdrawal that occur during a period of abstinence actually causes those symptoms to be even worse the next time a person stops taking the substance.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 10Which medication can be used to treat an opioid overdose?

 

  Buprenorphine

 

  Naltrexone

 

  Methadone

 

  Naloxone

 

 Question 11Stimuli associated with addictive substances can lead to “wanting” urges that can persist after the rewarding effects of the substance have diminished and trigger substance use.

 

  Positive Reinforcement

 

  Preoccupation/Anticipation

 

  Incentive salience

 

  Withdrawal

 

 Question 12Fentanyl can be used as a cheap additive to many other drugs like heroin, cocaine, meth, and MDMA to increase the high a user experiences. What are the risks of using drugs laced with fentanyl? [Select all that apply]

 

  The user may not be aware the drug they are taking has fentanyl

 

  The user will have increased drug seeking behavior

 

  The user may be taking stronger opioids than their bodies are used to and may overdose

 

  The user experiences diminished sensitivity to the drug

 

 Question 13Prescription stimulants increase activity of which two brain chemicals:

 

  Norepinephrine

 

  Dopamine

 

  Serotonin

 

  GABA

 

 Question 14When prescription opioids attach to opioid receptors, they block pain signals sent from the brain to the body and release large amounts of dopamine throughout the body. This does not reinforce the act of taking the drug again.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 15Prescription stimulants increase alertness, attention, and energy. Their misuse, including overdose, can also lead to psychosis, anger, paranoia, heart, nerve, and stomach problems. These issues could lead to a heart attack or seizures.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 16Withdrawal symptoms for nicotine do NOT include:

 

  Tachycardia

 

  Trouble sleeping

 

  Problems paying attention

 

  Irritability

 

 

 

Question 17The harmful effects of opioids include all of the following except:

 

  Nausea

 

  Hypoxia

 

  Diarrhea

 

  Confusion

 

 Question 18Short-term effects of inhalant use include [select all that apply]:

 

  Dizziness

 

  Hypertension

 

  Nosebleeds

 

  Hypoxia

 

 Question 19Upon entering the blood, nicotine immediately stimulates which gland to release the hormone epinephrine?

 

  Thyroid

 

  Adrenal

 

  Pituitary

 

  Pineal

 

Question 20Heroin that contains additives, such as sugar, starch, or powdered milk, increase the risk of:

 

  Breathing that slows or even stops

 

  Coma or permanent brain damage

 

  HIV or hepatitis infections

 

  Clogged blood vessels causing permanent damage

 

 Question 21Research so far suggests that vaping devices may be less harmful when used in place of combustible cigarettes among those who regularly smoke.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 22The effects of classic hallucinogens can begin with 20 to 90 minutes of taking them and include increased heart rate, nausea, intensified feelings and sensory experiences, and changes in sense of time.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 23The chemical composition of synthetic cannabinoid products is often unknown and varies from batch to batch, this does not increase the risk of harm to the user.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 24Long-term methamphetamine use includes all of the following negative consequences except:

 

  Changes in brain structure and function

 

  Meth mouth

 

  Intense itching and skin sores

 

  Extreme weight gain

 

 Question 25Marijuana over activates parts of the brain that react to natural THC-like chemicals. The short-term high effects include: [select all that apply]

 

  Difficulty problem-solving

 

  Altered sense of time

 

  Hallucinations

 

  Impaired body movement

 

 Question 26Persistent psychosis and flashbacks are two short-term effects associated with some hallucinogens.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 27Health effects of cocaine use include: [select all that apply]

 

  Constricted blood vessels

 

  Difficulty problem solving

 

  Raised body temperature

 

  Sadness or depression

 

 Question 28Excessive alcohol use, including repeated episodes of binge drinking, over time contributes to liver and other chronic diseases, as well as increases in the risk of several types of cancer, including head and neck, esophageal, liver, breast, and colorectal cancers.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 29Cocaine increases the levels of dopamine in the reward circuit by preventing dopamine from being recycled, causing large amounts to build up in the space between two nerve cells, stopping their normal communication.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 30The long-term effects of marijuana use include [select all that apply]:

 

  Impaired thinking and memory

 

  Nausea and vomiting

 

  Breathing problems

 

  Impaired learning

 

 Question 31What difference does the route of administration make in terms of the drug effect and its addictiveness?

 

Question 32What effect does tolerance and withdrawal have on a person’s experience of the drug effect and drug seeking behavior?

Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers

Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.

Get ZERO PLAGIARISM, HUMAN WRITTEN ESSAYS

Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?

Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.

We write plagiarism Free Content

Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.

Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.