JL, a 50-year-old woman, was camping with her 3 children and spouse, fell and broke the left tibia at the ankle. She is in the emergency department, waiting for the fracture to be immobilized. The leg hurts and she note that the ankle is swelling.
JL, a 50-year-old woman, was camping with her 3 children and spouse, fell and broke the left tibia at the ankle. She is in the emergency department, waiting for the fracture to be immobilized. The leg hurts and she note that the ankle is swelling. A diagnosis of a simple fracture and sprain (damage to ligaments) is made.
Discussion Questions
What is the cause of pain and swelling? What can JL expect in the days to come as inflammation resolves and healing begins?
What is the rationale for immobilizing the fractured bone?
JL’s son Matt, age 10 years, has a runny nose and itchy eyes and is irritable. The camping tent was set up in a grassy field, and the boys played several games on the field. Matt is also seen by a health care provider and a diagnosis of allergy to pollen is made.
Explain the rationale for each of Matt’s symptoms.
Identify the type of immune response involved.
Discuss what Matt can expect in the future.
Weekly Outcomes
Weekly Objectives
Explore alterations in structure and function of defense mechanisms. (COs 1 and 3)
Trace the impact of alterations in defense mechanisms on homeostasis. (CO 2)
Summarize the impact of altered defenses on the individual. (CO 3)
Understand inflammation, healing, infection, immunity, and neoplasms and cancer.
Apply growth and development principles as they relate to the impact of aging on the pathophysiologic changes.
Compare and contrast processes of inflammatory and healing processes, alterations in immune responses, and pathological processes of the immune system.
Apply understanding of alterations in inflammatory and healing processes and across the lifespan to formulate care priorities.
Describe how genetics influence pathophysiological alterations in healing, immunologic responses, and integumentary system.
Explain carcinogenesis, risk factors, stages of tumor development, and preventive strategies.
Main Topics and Concepts
Sub-Concepts with Exemplar
Alterations in inflammation and healing processes
Environmental influences on lines of defense
Alterations in immunity and immune responses
Neoplasms and cancer
Stress and associated problems
Cellular adaptation: squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and Kaposi’s sarcoma
Fluids and electrolytes: dehydration and age considerations across the lifespan
Immunity: inflammatory skin disorders
Infection: wounds; abscess; viral and fungal; respiratory
Inflammation: acute and chronic conditions
Metabolism: negative nitrogen balance and protein deficiencies
Mobility and immobility: age, pain, cancer; fractures and osteoarthritis
Nutrition: vitamin deficiencies; anorexia
Oxygenation: anemia and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels
Perfusion: diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis
Sensory perception: cataracts
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