What outputs should be compared between treatments in a RCT
.What outputs should be compared between treatments in a RCT? (choose all that correct)
a)Number of drop-outs and non-compliers
b)Number of subjects that used other treatments not included in experimental protocol
c)Number of subjects that were diagnosed with other illnesses (co-morbid)
d)Clinically relevant outcomes (i.e. diagnostic values, death rate/risk, relapse rate/risk, etc)
2. How does RRR (relative risk reduction) provide different information than ARR (absolute risk reduction) and NNT (number needed to treat) analysis as measures of efficacy in RCTs? (choose all that correct)
a) If a treatment works equally well in all situations, RRR will be identical over all levels of disease risk; whereas ARR and NNT will change as the risk of disease changes
b) Whereas RRR provides information about how well an intervention works, ARR and NNT provide information about the importance of an intervention
c) Poor NNT or AAR numbers can hide evidence that a treatment works well
d)Good RRR numbers can inflate the value of an unimportant treatment
3. Which type of Pharmaceutical trial is done after the product is licensed and being used by patients? (choose all that correct))
Group of answer choices
a) Phase I b). Phase II c) Phase III d) Phase IV
4. Intention-to-treat analysis (vs. explanatory analysis) is done in order to (choose all that correct))
a) Preserve random allocation of subjects to treatment
b) Maintain adequate sample size
c) Increase (preserve) the external validity of the study
d) Provide more definitive evidence for treatment efficacy
5. Number Needed to Treat (NNT) analysis has advantages compared to Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) as a measure of efficacy in that … (choose all that correct)
a) It provides information about the cost-effectiveness of a treatment
b) it provides information about the underlying risk (risk in controls)
c) it provides information about Quality-of-life enhancement
d) it provides information that identical to the Relative Risk Reduction
6. Which of the following are true about a well-run RCT (randomized controlled trial)? (select all that apply)
a). RCTs can be generalized to a wide audience
b). Sample size is large enough to support effective randomization
c).Treatment and control groups are treated equally except for the study intervention
d). Outcomes are flexible to meet the needs of different patients within the study
6. Which of the following is true about statistics? (choose all that correct)
a) Statistics is used whenever one wants to draws conclusions about a larger population from which the study participants were drawn
b) Statistics is used when the outcomes have a distribution
c) Statistical output (e.g. p values, confidence intervals) provides a probability that the results found in the study could have been due to chance
7.You are participating in a study to determine if a daily mouth wash decreases the likelihood that you will get a cold. Each study participant is given a set of criteria that needs to be met to be considered as having a cold, and reports whether or not they met that criteria during the 6 month study period. What type of data is this self-report? (select the one best
a) Discrete (quantitative) b) Continuous (quantitative) c) Binary (qualitative) d) Nominal (qualitative) d) Ordinal (qualitative) e). Interval (qualitative)
8.If you randomly weigh 300 college students at a state university and determine that the standard deviation in body weight is 15 pounds, what will happen to the standard deviation if another 300 students from the same university are randomly weighed?
a) The standard deviation will remain about the same
b) The standard deviation will increase
c) The standard deviation will decrease
d) The standard deviation is likely to move appreciably but it my increase or decrease
Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers
Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.
Get ZERO PLAGIARISM, HUMAN WRITTEN ESSAYS
Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?
Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.
We write plagiarism Free Content
Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.
Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.
