nursing theories and scope of practice
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i need a response to a my classmates discussion below 275 words with 2 references with doi attached on middle-range theorist to please check grammar and wording
Historically, nursing practice was mostly guided by grand theories because the broadness of scope presented a practical approach that could be applied in various settings and populations. Today, while grand theories may still be useful, nursing has evolved beyond practice guidelines that can be applied but not tested. As nursing theories continue to serve as the basis for nursing practice, important steps in the evolution of nursing have been facilitated by middle-range theories. Middle-range theories seek to provide clarity and new knowledge in the development of nursing interventions that will be grounded in theories. Theories in the middle range can be put into three main groups: those that seek to describe a phenomenon, those that explain it, and those that predict the outcome (Im, 2015). Because middle-range theory concepts are highly focused, less abstract, and more verifiable through testing, they are useful in helping nurses clearly understand and address practice issues. Leihr and Smith (2017) found that middle range theory has the most promise for further research and development in order to improve its relevance and maximize its contribution to nursing knowledge growth in the coming decades.
Nursing duties require an ability to multitask which can be challenging for nurses. Instead of reflecting on a wide range of nursing care situations, middle-range theories focus on a specific nursing issue (Dolan et al., 2021). Explanatory theories of the middle range specify the relationships between concepts. Each descriptive theory explains why and to what extent one concept relates to another. For instance, theories like Watson’s human caring theory, Orlando’s theories on the purposeful nursing process, and Peplau’s interpersonal relations theory help nurses develop better practices for patient care and better outcomes by prioritizing care (Brandão et al., 2019).
The obligation of generating independent clinical judgments about treatment modalities that are most appropriate for a clinical setting is essential for the function of APRN. Middle-range theories provide the framework for testing a phenomenon observed in practice while seeking to answer the how and why question. An example reflecting the significance of middle-range theory in the 21st century is described in Beck’s middle-range theory of Postpartum Depression. Beck recognized a gap in nursing knowledge relating to the concept of postpartum depression in “Teetering on the Edge” and directed her research towards describing what postpartum depression is beyond symptoms, proposing nursing interventions that have continued to evolve in line with research and can be used by any provider to enhance the outcome of care provided to that population (Marsh, 2013). To meet the challenges of the changes in health care, middle-range theories will continue to evolve to provide the necessary knowledge needed that will guide APNs in current and future practice advancement.
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