Nelson, a 4-year-old Yorkie, has been rushed into the clinic after being attacked by an Akita.

Nelson, a 4-year-old Yorkie, has been rushed into the clinic after being attacked by an Akita. The owner claims that the Akita came out of nowhere and grabbed Nelson. Nelson is dyspneic and has obvious puncture wounds on his face, neck, and chest. Nelson is tachycardic, has pale mucus membranes, and has a CRT of 4 seconds. He’s spitting blood and has swelling below his lower jaw. 

1. Define Nelson’s signalment. Are all components of signalment presented in this case? (2pts)

2. Using anatomic terminology, where is Nelson’s swelling? (1pt)

3. What other clinical signs are Nelson displaying? (1pt)

a. Rapid breathing and hemoptysis

b. Difficulty breathing and hemoptysis

c. Slow breathing and hemorrhea

4. The tachycardia, pale mucus membranes, and CRT of 4 seconds are significant. What does this tell you about Nelson’s cardiovascular system? What concerns do you have? (2pts) 

 Radiographs show that Nelson has a pneumothorax.

5. Why is Nelson dyspneic? Hint: define pneumothorax and discuss why this might affect Nelson’s breathing. (2pt)

6. What procedure can relieve a pneumothorax? (1pt)

After the procedure was performed, Nelson’s respirations improved. Some puncture wounds were deep and had to be repaired surgically. An ET tube was placed and Nelson went to surgery.

7. Where was the tube placed? (1pt) 

Case 2 

Directions In the Microscopic Description Section of the Pathology report above, define each of the numbered, highlighted phrases. If the highlight contains more than one word, describe or explain the overall meaning. In other words, how do the words work together to describe what is going on with this cat? (8pts)

heterogeneous population of lymphoid cells- 

Lymphoblasts- 

serosanguineous fluid-  

degenerate neutrophils- 

histiocytic/epithelioid macrophages- 

Phagocytized- 

Hyperplasia-  

marked chronic neutrophilic/pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis-