Ruth is counseling with a woman who describes an extremely unhappy marriage. Ruth suggests that she consider leaving her husband. The client has a deep spiritual conviction that marriage is for life and is not willing to consider divorce as an option
Ruth is counseling with a woman who describes an extremely unhappy marriage. Ruth suggests that she consider leaving her husband. The client has a deep spiritual conviction that marriage is for life and is not willing to consider divorce as an option. Ruth attempts to change her client s viewpoint as being unhealthy. In this case, Ruth is:
teaching her client to look at the negative consequences of her decision.
exploring the client s spiritual reasons for staying in the marriage.
imposing her values on the client instead of exploring the client s reasons for staying in the marriage.
helping her client to explore healthy options.
Question 2 Robert runs into the office, unprepared and frustrated because he is late for his weekly appointment with his first client of the day. He is consistently late for his appointments and his behavior is:
Immoral.
Illegal.
Unethical.
Unprofessional.
Question 3 What is/are the reason(s) for the underutilization of mental health services by minority groups?
biased nature of the services
child care issues
transportation challenges
all of the above
b and c
Question 4 Privileged communication does NOT apply in case of:
clients disclosures of personal and sensitive information.
child abuse and neglect.
unfaithfulness in one or both partners in couple s therapy.
legal proceedings where the therapist is asked to produce a client s records in court.
Question 5 Joanne finds herself wanting to solve her client s problems which are similar to the issues her daughter is going through. Joanne gives advice and feels frustrated when her client won t follow through on her suggestions. Her emotional reactions to her client, which involve her own projections are based on:
transference.
nurturance.
countertransference.
caretaking.
Question 6Jolene tells her counselor that she is depressed about the break-up of her relationship and just wishes she could go to sleep and never wake up. In this case, the counselor needs to:
immediately commit Jolene to a psychiatric facility.
assess if Jolene is suicidal and intervene if necessary.
recognize that her statement is only a cry for help and should not be taken seriously.
see if there is any chance for reconciliation.
Question 7The following would be an ineffective way of managing a client s suicidal ideation:
Attempt to secure a promise from the client that he or she will not try to commit suicide.
Immediately hospitalize the client.
Be willing to communicate that you care without interventions or setting limits.
Recognize the limits of your competence and know when and how to refer.
Question 8Inappropriate socialization with clients, burdening clients with a counselor s personal problems, and putting clients in awkward business situations are examples of:
inappropriate crisis intervention.
established therapeutic practices.
mishandling of a client s transference or counselor s countertransference.
seeking balance in the counseling relationship.
Question 9_______ is the failure to render professional services or to exercise the degree of skills that is ordinarily expected of other professionals in a similar situation.
Professional negligence
Ethical incompetence
Malpractice
Malificence
Question 10James is in court facing drug-related charges and his therapist was subpoenaed to testify in court regarding any discriminating evidence concerning the case. His therapist came to court but refused to answer questions regarding the case or produce James s records. The therapist used the following legal concept to protect himself from forced disclosure:
confidentiality.
privileged communication.
client privacy.
taking the 5th amendment.
Question 11Expulsion or suspension of members from professional associations:
is a major sanction.
cannot be appealed.
is often reported in the journals of the professional associations.
all of the above
a and c
Question 12Of the following, which is an example of a behavior that might leave a counselor vulnerable to a malpractice suit?
used a procedure within the realm of accepted professional practice
employed a technique that he or she was not trained to use
used a procedure to which the client did not respond favorably
explained the possible consequences of treatment and the client still wanted to participate in the process
Question 13Marie is working with a lesbian client who is in a dysfunctional relationship with another woman. She is seeking counseling to sort out her options regarding leaving her emotionally abusive partner. Marie can assist her client by:
automatically attributing her client s problems to her sexual orientation.
attempting to change the sexual orientation of her client.
supporting her client s attempt to leave the abusive relationship, work on her abuse issues, and eventually enter into a positive lesbian relationship.
encouraging her client to realize how difficult it is to live in a lesbian relationship.
Question 14The counselor who asks the questions Am I doing what is best for my client? rather than Is this situation unethical? is functioning from the following ethical perspective:
principle ethics
virtue ethics
value ethics
practical ethics
Question 15The central right of clients concerning confidentiality is that:
it guarantees that disclosures during therapy will be protected unless certain legal circumstances are present.
everything said in therapy will always remain confidential.
it is illegal to share information with anyone at anytime unless the client has signed an informed consent.
their records cannot be subpoenaed into court.
Question 16It is illegal and unethical for a therapist to disclose confidential information when:
the client consents to disclosure.
there is a duty to warn or to protect third parties.
an emergency exists.
an employer requests disclosure to determine the mental status of an employee without their consent.
there is a need to obtain appropriate consultations.
Question 17Two processes that offer safeguards against malpractice liability in suicidal cases are:
consultation and documentation.
assessment and orientation.
intervention and hospitalization.
diagnosis and informed consent.
Question 18The virtuous professional:
is motivated to do what is right because they feel obligated.
functions within their professional code of ethics because they fear the consequences if they do not.
possess vision and discernment, which involves sensitivity, judgment, and understanding and leads to decisive ethical actions.
typically focus on moral issues with the goals of solving a particular dilemma.
Question 19The social policy of de-institutionalization, as it applies to mental-health practices, involves the least restrictive alternative which requires that:
voluntary commitment be sought only after less restrictive alternatives have failed.
professionals commit clients who are delusional.
practitioners protect themselves from liability by getting a lawyer.
treatment be no more harsh, hazardous, or intrusive than necessary to achieve therapeutic aims and protect clients and others from physical harm.
Question 20________ as a matter of law, refers to the constitutional right of an individual to decide the time, place, manner, and extent of sharing oneself with others.
Self-disclosure
Privileged communication
Privacy
Confidentiality
Question 21Which of the following statements reflects what spirituality and religion have in common within the counseling context?
they are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss
they can play a major part in the client s life and be a significant source of strength for him/her
they are both organized entities that provide clients with needed structure
all of the above
a and b
Question 22Ethical guidelines regarding confidentiality requires that counselors do NOT:
allow clerical assistants to handle confidential information.
use client records to consult with experts or peers.
use client case studies to teach or write books even when their clients identities are disguised.
disclose client information unless there is clear and imminent danger to client or others or when legal requirements demand that confidential information be revealed.
Question 23__________ is the process whereby clients place past feelings or attitudes they had toward significant people in their lives onto their therapist.
Transference
Countertransference
Projection
Mirroring
Question 24Mary is seeking abortion counseling from a practitioner who has been actively involved in the pro-life movement. The therapist has extreme discomfort with Mary s values and doesn t think he could maintain objectivity. It would be best if he:
doesn t share his values with Mary and works within the value system of his clients.
help Mary to understand his values so she can make a different decision concerning her pregnancy.
refers Mary to a therapist who shares the client s values.
set firm boundaries with Mary on what she can discuss in regards to her pregnancy.
Question 25Counselors who have unresolved personal conflicts:
need to recognize that their problems may interfere with their effectiveness and refrain from activities that would harm a client.
Must resolve all their difficulties before counseling others
Are quite effective because they know how difficult it is to resolve problems
Need to repress anxiety-provoking issues in their own lives before becoming effective counselors.
Question 26The following is a safeguard against malpractice accusations:
give free sessions until the client is able to pay.
never engage in bartering under any circumstances.
avoid a client s perception of abandonment by not taking time off.
practice in specific areas where you are competent.
Question 27The basic purpose of professional code of ethics is to:
educate professionals about sound ethical conduct, provide a mechanism for professional accountability and serve as a catalyst for improving practice.
protect professionals from lawsuits.
set standards that will be understood and enforced across all cultures.
ensure that standards remain consistent over time.
Question 28From the perspective of the authors, what is NOT a role of values in therapy?
Values are a crucial part of the therapy process
Clients values should never be challenged by the therapist
Therapists need to consider why the client is seeking therapy
Values influence the direction of therapy
Question 29Deutsch and Farber found surprisingly similar results in their surveys of therapists perceptions of stressful client behavior. In both studies therapists reported that the following clients behavior was most stressful for them:
aggression and hostility
suicidal statements
severely depressed clients
premature termination of therapy
agitated anxiety
Question 30It is the authors position that counselors would NOT work well with diverse populations if they:
are open to being challenged and tested.
are flexible in applying theories to specific situations.
believe that they are free from any racist attitudes, beliefs, and or feelings.
are comfortable with differences that exist between themselves and their clients.
Question 31Informed consent generally implies that the person:
does not have the capacity to consent.
verbally gives consent.
as been persuaded or coerced to sign the consent form.
has the capacity to consent and has freely, without undue influence expressed consent.
Question 32___________ to give informed consent means that the client has the ability to make rational decisions.
Comprehension of information
Voluntariness
Capacity
Willingness
Question 33Elizabeth is a beginning practitioner and is counseling in a manner where she merely acts in compliance with the law and follows minimal ethical standards. She is at the first level of ethical functioning which is:
personal ethics.
aspiration ethics.
mandatory ethics.
basic ethics.
Question 34In an attempt to convince her young client to practice safe sex, Valerie fabricated her own statistics and facts about the hazards of unprotected sex. In this instance, Valerie violated the principle of:
fidelity.
veracity.
beneficence.
Justice.
Question 35Termination of the therapy process:
can be mandated by ethics codes alone.
is regulated by state law.
is decided jointly by both the client and the therapist.
must always be decided solely by the therapist.
Question 36Marie is a counselor who has been working with the parents of their six-year-old daughter. They want Marie to counsel their child since the effects of their stormy marriage are negatively affecting her behavior. Marie is hesitant to do so since she has no experience working with children. The ethical codes of most professional organizations would specify that:
she would have to use different types of therapy to work effectively with the child.
it would be unethical for Marie to counsel the child if she has not been trained in that area.
Marie should counsel the child despite her lack of training because refusing to do so may cause the parents to become angry, which would create tension in the therapeutic relationship with them.
Child Protective Services need to be called.
Question 37An African-American woman was interacting with her child in a domestic abuse shelter where she is over-heard to say to her child Keep touching that and I m going to whoop you. The social worker that heard this statement should:
immediately report the mother to Child Protective Services.
tell the mother that she will be evicted from the shelter if she continues to talk to her child that way.
recognize that what constitutes abuse in one culture may not be viewed as abuse in another culture and not reportable until it is determined that the child is in danger.
remove the child from the mother s care until the mother can learn how to talk to her child with respect.
Question 38A way to minimize significantly the ethically questionable conversion of others to your values is to:
inform yourself about the varieties of values held in society.
be aware of your own values
present value options in an unbiased manner
respect clients who have values different from yours
all of the above
Question 39The term minority group has come to refer to:
sense of identity that stems from common ancestry, history, nationality, religion, and race.
any relationship between two or more diverse groups.
any category of people who have been discriminated against or subjected to unequal treatment and oppression by society largely because of their group membership.
any pattern of behavior that denies access to opportunities or privileges to members of one racial group.
Question 40Denise is a Euro-American counselor who is a former welfare client. She had four children when she was divorced and succeeded in completing her degree and getting off the system in four years. She is now working in a work-to-welfare program and sets similar goals for her multicultural clients. Denise s attitude and actions indicate that she:
believes in her client s ability to achieve and live up to her expectations.
is well intentioned and willing to challenge her clients.
can serve as a model of what her clients can accomplish with their lives if she could do it, so can her clients.
is operating out of the majority value system and presuming that her clients have the same goals.
Question 41Susan is quite distressed after finding out that her husband has been unfaithful and tells her counselor that she is so angry that she feels like killing him. In this case, the counselor needs to:
question Susan to determine whether she is serious about doing physical harm to her husband.
warn the husband that he is in potential danger.
commit Susan to a hospital until she can overcome her anger.
warn Susan that she can be arrested for making threats against her husband.
Question 42A patient who was extremely upset over his wife s extramarital affair was voluntarily admitted to a psychiatric facility. After repeatedly threatening to kill both of them and admitting to his therapist that he had a weapon, he was given a weekend pass to visit his children who were living with his wife. He met his wife and lover at the house and killed both of them. The Bradley case illustrates the duty:
not to negligently release a dangerous client.
to involuntarily commit a dangerous client.
to breach client confidentiality under exceptional circumstances.
to warn anyone who is in the vicinity of the intended victim who might also be in danger.
Question 43A counselor working in an AIDS-related case:
has a legal duty to warn according to the Tarasoff decision.
is obliged to protect all third parties of the threat of HIV transmission according to ethical codes.
must report the case to the Department of Public Health.
has few legal guidelines to help them determine when or how to inform a potential victim of the threat of the HIV transmission.
Question 44The culturally encapsulated counselor is characterized by:
defining reality according to the client s reality.
showing sensitivity to cultural variations among individuals.
evaluating other viewpoints and making attempts to accommodate the behaviors of others.
defining reality according to one set of cultural assumptions.
Question 45In regards to values in the counseling process, the authors contend that:
it is incumbent that counselors clarify their values and the ways in which they enter the therapeutic process.
counselors can avoid communicating values to their clients by not explicitly sharing them.
it is best to keep values hidden so they won t contaminate their client s choices.
their job is to help clients conform to socially acceptable standards.
Question 46Richard is counseling a male Asian client and is encouraging him to go away to college even though he is expected to take care of his aging parents. Richard is violating the following basic moral principle in making ethical decisions:
nonmaleficence.
autonomy.
beneficence.
fidelity.
Question 47The responsibility for addressing the assessment, remediation, and prevention of counselor impairment lies with:
the impaired counselor.
the ethics committee and licensing board.
colleagues of the impaired professional.
all of the above
a and b
Question 48The following is a proposed ethical guideline for deciding when to disclose confidential information about a client s HIV status:
when there is suspicion that there is risk of harm to a third party.
when the third party is at risk of death or substantial bodily harm.
third parties must be warned even where there is a state law that prohibits warning.
after there is an attempt to educate the client about high risk behavior.
Question 49As mandated reporters, therapists should:
report suspected child abuse, elder abuse, and dependent-adult abuse.
report abuse only after collecting ample evidence.
report suspected abuse even when uncertain.
a and b
a and c
Question 50To succeed in a malpractice claim, the plaintiff needs to show that a breach of duty did exist in which:
the practitioner failed to foresee the client s intention to commit suicide despite warning signs that the client was decompensating.
the client failed to get better in spite of reasonable care.
there was no professional relationship between therapist and client.
the practitioner failed to provide the appropriate standard of care.
a and d
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