Economic recessions on cardiovascular disease (

Q11 Little is known about the effect of economic recessions on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Researchers investigated the association of the economic recession in Finland In the 1990s with the incidence of CVD among middle-aged and older women. A total of 918 women aged 53-73 years were examined for health and socioeconomic position in 1998-2001. The participants were asked whether Finland’s economic recession in the early 1990s had affected their lives socially or economically. The cohort was followed for 20 years, and incident physician-diagnosed cases of CVD were obtained through record linkage with the national hospital discharge registry that covers every bospitalisation in Finland. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the risk of CVD among those with and without exposure to socioeconomic hardships during the recession, after adjusting for possible confounders. During the 20 years’ follow-up, 501 women developed CVD. Q11.1 What type of study design is this? Choice: o Case-Control Study O Prospective Cohort Study Retrospective Cohort Study Ecologic Study Q11.2 What is one reason that this particular study design is appropriate for this research question? What is one disadvantage of this particular study design? Q11.3 "A total of 918 women aged 53-73 years were examined for health and socioeconomic position in 1998-2001…During the 20 years’ follow-up, 501 women developed CVD_" It is revealed later that 587 people experienced socioeconomic hardship, and 330 of the people who experienced socioeconomic hardship also developed CVD. What relative measure(s) of association can be calculated from this study? Q11.4 Calculate and interpret the measure(s) of association from the previous question, to the nearest hundredth. Q11.5 What is your overall conclusion of the association between socioeconomic hardships and CVD? Please limit your answer to 1 sentence.