The leadership scholar that coined the terms “Theory X” and “Theory Y” management was:
The leadership scholar that coined the terms “Theory X” and “Theory Y” management was:
Robert Blake
William Ouchi
Sheila Puffer
Douglas McGregor
Question 2_____ risk is the likelihood that a multinational corporation’s foreign investment will be constrained by a host government’s policies.
Social
Development
Legal
Political
Question 3Explain the relevance of TQM in decision making and controlling processes.
TQM (total quality management) is a process oriented philosophy aimed at the continuous improvement of the processes and management of an organization. Decision making is a key management function and process that is critical for the survival and success of the firm. Yet, TQM efforts have up to now largely ignored the quality of decisions made by management, focusing rather on the more traditional value-adding processes
Question 4The following actions raise the political risk of doing business in China except:
Interpretation of rules and regulations by officials
Industrial piracy
Pressure on the MNCs to do things in a particular way
Concerns on safety and reliability of product quality
Question 5Over the past decade political risk has become:
An area closely watched by developing countries, but virtually ignored by developed countries
A vital area for MNCs to assess and manage
A much less pervasive and minor threat facing international management
Virtually obsolete for international firms as a result of controls imposed by the UNO
Question 6Not all MNCs are confident about international investment in countries with:
Low labor costs
Political unrest
Emerging economies
Cultural differences
Question 7Expatriate managers who are citizens of the country where the multinational corporate is headquartered are referred to as:
Host-country nationals
Home-country nationals
Inpatriates
Third-country nationals
Question 8There are four basic sources that MNCs can tap for positions. These are:
Host-country nationals, third-country nationals, United Nations placements and IMF placements
Home-country nationals, IMF placements, inpatriates and multipatriates
Home-country nationals, host-country nationals, IMF placements and multipatriates
Home-country nationals, host-country nationals, third-country nationals and inpatriates
Question 9_____ is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives.
Ability
Inducement
Assurance
Motivation
Question 10A _____ manager believes that people are basically lazy and that coercion and threats of punishment must be used to get them to work.
Theory Z
Theory X
Theory A
Theory Y
Question 11All of the following are assumptions that underlie Theory Y management except:
The expenditure of physical and mental effort at work is as natural to people as resting or playing
Commitment to objectives is determined by the rewards that are associated with their achievement
Under proper conditions, the average human being learns not only to accept but to seek responsibility
The primary need of employees is job security
Question 12Work-motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes or initiates employee behavior are explained by:
Extrinsic theories
Content theories
Intrinsic theories
Process theories
Question 13When the subsidiary is selling new products in growing markets, _____ decision making is more likely.
External
Decentralized
Centralized
Neutralized
Question 14An individual from a host-country or a third-country national who is assigned to work in the home country is a(n):
Expatriate
Multipatriate
Inpatriate
Quasi-patriate
Question 15Work-motivation theories can be broken down into two general categories which are:
Method and outcome
Internal and external
Implicit and explicit
Content and process
Question 16(p. 456) The process of influencing people to direct their efforts toward the achievement of some particular goal is referred to as:
Leadership
Management
Directing
Controlling
Question 17Home-country nationals are frequently called _____, which refers to those who live and work away from their home country.
Inpatriates
Third-country nationals
Expatriates
Multipatriates
Question 18The factors Welsh, Luthans and Sommer observed among the Russian workforce that seemed to increase worker performance are:
Value of extrinsic reward and participative techniques
Value of extrinsic reward and behavioral management
Participative techniques and behavioral management
Value of intrinsic reward and participative techniques
Question 19If decentralized decision-making is in place, decisions are:
Made at the top management level
Made at the middle management level
Delegated to operating personnel
Contracted to external consultants
Question 20_____ reviews major political decisions that are likely to affect all business conducted in a particular country.
Macro political risk analysis
Micro political risk analysis
Standard political risk analysis
Multidimensional political risk analysis
Question 21Which of the following factors encourages the use of centralized decision-making?
Small company size
Small capital investment
Relatively low importance to the MNC
Highly competitive environment
Question 22Although a number of approaches to decision-making are used around the world, the overall trend currently is toward:
Decentralization
Team-based decision-making
Centralization
Decision-making by consensus
Question 23The more sophisticated the level of technology, the greater the use of _____ decision-making.
Participative
Centralized
Decentralized
Team-based
Question 24Headquarters nationals is another term used for:
Third-country nationals
Home-country nationals
Inpatriates
Host-country nationals
Question 25These are managers who are citizens of countries other than the one in which the MNC is headquartered or the one in which they are assigned to work by the MNC.
Multipatriates
Home-country nationals
Inpatriates
Third-country nationals
Question 26If centralized decision-making is in place, the most important decisions are made at the:
Top management level
Middle management level
Level of self-managed work teams
Operational personnel
Question 27In domestic situations, when competition increases, management will:
Integrate product or service lines
Centralize authority
Decentralize authority
Diversify product and service lines
Question 28Process theories of work motivation:
Explain how employee behavior is aroused and energized
Explain how employee behavior is initiated
Give a composite picture of employee motivation in a particular region
Have more value to the study of employee motivation in international setting
Question 29The three basic elements in the process of motivation are:
Needs, abilities and desires
Desires, drives and accomplishments
Needs, drives and goal attainment
Perceptions, attitudes and goal attainment
Question 30The following factors encourage the use of centralized decision-making except:
Large company size
Large capital investment
Heterogeneous product lines
High degree of technology
Question 32According to this theory, a great deal of creative potential basically goes untapped and if these abilities can be tapped, workers will provide much higher quantity and quality of output.
Theory X
Theory Z
Theory Y
Theory A
Question 33The first assumption about the motivation process is that it is:
Universal
Country specific
Culturally explicit
Regionally distinct
Question 34This manager believes that under the right conditions, people will not only work hard but also seek increased responsibility and challenges.
Theory X
Theory Z
Theory Y
Theory A
Question 35The following factors encourage the use of decentralized decision-making except:
Small company size
Relatively low importance to MNC
High degree of technology
Stable environment
Question 36In recent years _____ risk analysis has become of increasing concern to MNCs because of the growing number of countries that are finding their economies in trouble as in Southeast Asia or even worse, unable to make the transition to a market-driven economy.
Micro
Basic
Macro
Complex
Question 37_____ are local managers who are hired by the MNC.
Inpatriates
Indigenous-nationals
Host-country nationals
Home-country nationals
Question 38In China _____ is an important need and _____ is a goal.
Group affiliation; professional achievement
Professional achievement; individual success
Group affiliation; harmony
Individual success; harmony
Question 39What characteristics of high achievers did David McClelland identify?
Question 40Most research in international human resource management has been _____, because these theories examine motivation in more general terms and are more useful in creating a composite picture of employee motivation in a particular country or region.
Content-oriented
Context-oriented
Procedure-oriented
Process-oriented
Question 41The following is not an example of risk factors for an MNC:
Freezing the movement of assets out of the host country
Limits on the remittance of profits or capital
Devaluing the currency
Complying with contractual terms of agreements
Question 42All of the following are assumptions that underlie Theory X management except:
By their very nature, people do not like to work and will avoid it whenever possible
Workers have little ambition, try to avoid responsibility and like to be directed
The primary need of employees is job security
The expenditure of physical and mental effort at work is as natural to people as resting
Question 43U.S. managers believe that to motivate workers, it is necessary to satisfy their:
Higher-order needs
Safety needs
Lower-order needs
Physiological needs
Question 44Historically, MNCs have staffed key positions in their foreign affiliates with:
Home-country nationals
Host-country nationals
Inpatriates
Third-country nationals
Question 45Leader behaviors can be translated into three commonly recognized styles. These are:
Autocratic, suppressive and cooperative
Authoritarian, paternalistic and participative
Suppressive, paternalistic and team-oriented
Cooperative, team-oriented and participative
Question 46Which of the following is not a challenge of doing business in Russia?
Corruption
Red tape
Strong faith in government policies
Security concerns
Question 47China’s decision regarding restrictions on foreign exchange transactions is a _____ political risk because it affects all MNCs.
Micro
Standard
Macro
Multidimensional
Question 48Which of the following statements about third-country nationals is false?
TCN managers can often achieve corporate objectives more effectively than do expatriates
During periods of rapid expansion, TCNs can substitute for expatriates in well-established operations
During rapid expansion, TCNs can offer different perspectives that can expand on the narrowly focused viewpoints of local nationals
In joint ventures, TCNs can demonstrate a global image and bring unique cross-cultural skills to the relationship
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