The Brain and Cranial Nerves
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
1. Both cerebrum and cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex and deeper nuclei, and white matter deep to the cortex.
True False
2. The cerebellum exhibits folds called gyri separated by grooves called sulci. True False
3. The epidural space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
True False
4. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) helps prevent hemorrhages in the nervous tissue of the brain. True False
5. The blood-CSF barrier is composed of dense regular connective tissue lining the ventricles.
True False
6. Purkinje cells are unusually large neurons found in the cerebellum. True False
7. The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain.
True False
8. The medulla oblongata is the most rostral part of the brain. True False
9. The forebrain consists of the cerebrum and the diencephalon.
True False
10. Structures in the midbrain control homeostasis and relay sensory signals to specific regions of the cerebral cortex.
True False
11. The amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus are involved in such feelings as love, anger, fear, pleasure, and pain.
True False
12. The Wernicke area recognizes spoken and written language. True False
13. The vision association area resides primarily in the temporal lobe.
True False
14. All cranial nerves lead to structures in the head and neck. True False
15. There are three cranial nerves involved in eye movement and two in the sense of taste.
True False
Multiple Choice Questions
16.
The following are all major components of the brainstem except the .
A. pons
B. medulla oblongata
C. midbrain
D. cerebellum
17. The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by .
A. many sulci
B. many gyri
C. the brainstem
D. the longitudinal fissure
E. the corpus callosum
18. The cerebellum is to the cerebrum.
A. superficial
B. deep
C. caudal
D. rostral
E. medial
19. The gray matter of the cerebrum forms a surface layer called the and deeper masses called
surrounded by white matter.
A. nuclei; tracts
B. cortex; nuclei
C. cortex; medulla
D. medulla; midbrain
E. medulla; nerves
20. The pons and cerebellum arise from which secondary embryonic vesicle?
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
C. Mesencephalon
D. Metencephalon
E. Myelencephalon
21. Which of the following structures appears as a large bulge just rostral to the medulla?
A. Pons
B. Midbrain
C. Cerebellum
D. Medulla oblongata
E. Hypothalamus
22. Which structure forms the floor and part of the walls of the third ventricle?
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Epithalamus
D. Pituitary gland
E. Midbrain
23. From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order?
A. Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid
B. Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
C. Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid
D. Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater
E. Arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater
24. Which of the following is not a function of CSF?
A. To regulate the chemical environment of the nervous tissue
B. To rinse metabolic wastes from the nervous tissue
C. To provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue
D. To protect the brain from striking the cranium when the head is jolted
E. To allow the brain to attain considerable size without being impaired by its own weight
25. Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the .
A. lateral, third, and fourth; superior sagittal sinus
B. lateral, and third; superior sagittal sinus
C. lateral, third, and fourth; central canal of the spinal cord
D. lateral; central canal of the spinal cord
26. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to which of the following?
A. Platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells
B. Sodium, potassium, and chloride
C. Urea and creatinine
D. Glucose and oxygen
E. Antibiotics
27. Which structures create the blood brain barrier (BBB)?
A. Gap junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
B. Tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
C. Gap and tight junctions between astrocytes and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
D. Desmosomes and tight junctions between astrocytes and ependymal cells that form the capillary walls
E. Gap junctions between ependymal cells and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
28. A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tapshowed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This individual most likely has what condition?
A. Parkinson disease
B. Alzheimer disease
C. Meningitis
D. Hydrocephalus
E. A stroke
29. The medulla oblongata originates from which structure?
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
C. Mesencephalon
D. Metencephalon
E. Myelencephalon
30. Where are the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers found?
A. Medulla oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
D. Spinal cord
E. Diencephalon
31. The function(s) in visual attention, such as to look and follow the flight of a butterfly.
A. inferior colliculi
B. superior colliculi
C. tegmentum
D. red nucleus
E. substantia nigra
32. Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson disease?
A. Cerebral crus
B. Tegmentum
C. Pons
D. Substantia nigra
E. Inferior colliculi
33. The reticular formation is a web of scattered throughout the .
A. nerves; white matter in the cerebrum
B. white matter; cerebellum
C. gray matter; brainstem
D. gray matter; cerebrum
E. neurosomas; hypothalamus
34. What is the largest part of the hindbrain?
A. Cerebellum
B. Cerebrum
C. Brainstem
D. Pons
E. Hypothalamus
35. Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in which structure?
A. Limbic system
B. Pons
C. Pituitary gland
D. Medulla oblongata
E. Cerebellum
36. In which structure is the arbor vitae found?
A. Left cerebral hemisphere
B. Tegmentum in the midbrain
C. Cerebellum
D. Reticular formation
E. Diencephalon
37. There are no cranial nerves associated with which part of the brain?
A. Thalamus
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Midbrain
D. Cerebellum
E. Pons
38. Which of the following is not associated with the pons?
A. Sensory information from the middle region of the face
B. Sensory information from the inferior region of the face
C. Sensory information from the superior region of the face
D. Lateral eye movements
E. Neck movement
39. The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are derivatives of which embryonic structure?
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
C. Mesencephalon
D. Metencephalon
E. Myelencephalon
40. Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in which region of the brain?
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Epithalamus
D. Cerebellum
E. Reticular formation
41. Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by which part of the brain?
A. Limbic system
B. Thalamus
C. Pineal gland
D. Hypothalamus
E. Pituitary gland
42. A lesion in which structure would cause a person to have an erratic waking/sleeping cycle?
A. Satiety center
B. Mammillary nucleus
C. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
D. Pituitary gland
E. Medial geniculate nucleus
43. The pineal gland is part of which larger region of the brain?
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Occipital lobe
D. Midbrain
E. Epithalamus
44. Planning, motivation, and social judgment are functions of the brain associated with which part of the cerebrum?
A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D. Insula
E. Temporal lobe
45. Which of the following is correct regarding the occipital lobe?
A. It is chiefly concerned with mood, memory, and emotions.
B. It is the principal visual center of the brain.
C. It is the primary site for receiving and interpreting signals from the general senses.
D. It is concerned with voluntary motor functions.
E. It is likely to play a role in understanding spoken language.
46. Which lobe is deep to the lateral sulcus and can only be seen by removing some of the overlying cerebrum?
A. Frontal lobe
B. Occipital lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Temporal lobe
E. Insula
47. The great majority of which tracts pass through the corpus callosum?
A. Ascending
B. Descending
C. Projection
D. Commissural
E. Association
48. Most gray matter of the cerebrum is located in which region?
A. Reticular formation
B. Neocorte x
C. Limbic system
D. Basal nuclei
E. Substantia nigra
49. Where are the hippocampus and amygdala found?
A. Medulla oblongata
B. Basal nuclei
C. Limbic system
D. Midbrain
E. Cerebral cortex
50. A predominance of which waves in an electroencephalogram (EEG) might indicate that a person is physically and mentally relaxed
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Theta
D. Delta
E. Gamma
51. Which of the following occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?
A. The muscles relax, and body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate fall.
B. The muscles are very relaxed and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate, and respiratory rate are at their lowest levels.
C. The muscles are paralyzed, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate and respiratoryrate increase.
D. A person falls into light sleep.
E. A person begins to relax and feels drowsy.
52. The association area is responsible for perceiving and attending to stimuli, and the
association area is responsible for identifying them.
A. temporal; parietal
B. temporal; occipital
C. frontal; occipital
D. parietal; temporal
E. occipital; frontal
53. Short-term memory is associated with the , whereas long-term memory is associated with the
A. cerebral cortex; hippocampus
B. hippocampus; cerebral cortex
C. cerebral cortex; amygdala
D. amygdala; hippocampus
E. hippocampus; midbrain
54. Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect which of the following?
A. Memory
B. Awareness of objects
C. Recognition and identification of objects
D. Expression of emotional feelings
E. Cognition
55. Which body region is controlled by the largest area of the motor cortex?
A. Shoulder
B. Fingers
C. Toes
D. Trunk
E. Neck
56. The pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus are called neurons.
A. stellate
B. third-order
C. first-order
D. upper motor
E. lower motor
57. Nonfluent aphasia, due to a lesion in the , results in slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, or use of words that only approximate the correct word.
A. primary motor area
B. cerebral lateralization
C. Broca area
D. Wernicke area
E. primary auditory area
58. show more lateralization than .
A. Adult males; adult females
B. Young children; adults
C. Young children; elders
D. Adult females; adult males
E. Young male children; adult males
59. Which of the following functions would most likely be controlled by the representational hemisphere of the cerebrum?
A. Answering this question
B. Diagnosing a patient’s disease
C. Balancing your checkbook
D. Giving a speech
E. Painting a picture
60. After a stroke, a patient complains about lack of sensitivity in her right hand. The stroke most likely affected which part of the brain?
A. Precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe
B. Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe
C. Precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe
D. Postcentral gyrus in the right temporal lobe
E. Postcentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe
61. Which of the following is not a motor cranial nerve?
A. Trochlear nerve (IV)
B. Abducens nerve (VI)
C. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
D. Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
E. Accessory nerve (XI)
62. What is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face?
A. Accessory nerve (XI)
B. Facial nerve (VII)
C. Trigeminal nerve (V)
D. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
E. Abducens nerve (VI)
63. Which cranial nerve innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
A. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
B. Accessory nerve (XI)
C. Trochlear nerve (IV)
D. Abducens nerve (VI)
E. Vagus nerve (X)
64. Which cranial nerve pathway would be used to look cross-eyed at the tip of your nose?
A. Trochlear nerve (IV)
B. Oculomotor nerve (III)
C. Abducens nerve (VI)
D. Facial nerve (VII)
E. Vagus nerve (X)
65. Which of the following structures does not contain CSF?
A. Dural sinus
B. Lateral ventricle
C. Central canal
D. Subarachnoid space
66. Injury to the reticular formation can result in which of the following?
A. Irreversible coma
B. Hypertension
C. Parkinson disease
D. Alzheimer disease
67. If the cerebrum was no longer able to communicate with the midbrain, what type of tract would you suspect has been damaged?
A. Projection
B. Association
C. Commisural
D. Ascending
68. In the cerebral cortex, which cells process information on a local level?
A. Stellate
B. Pyramidal
C. Purkinje
D. Ependymal
69. Why is 90% of the cerebral cortex referred to as the neocortex?
A. It developed recently evolutionarily when mammals diversified.
B. It is only found in humans.
C. It is last to develop in the fetus and is thus the youngest part of the brain.
D. It has the ability to regenerate the outermost three of its six layers.
70. The neocortex contains which of the following cells?
A. Pyramidal and stellate cells
B. Pyramidal and Purkinje cells
C. Purkinje and stellate cells
D. Pyramidal, stellate, and Purkinje cells
71. Which of the following pairings of brain wave names and descriptions is paired correctly?
A. Delta Waves – predominance of these may indicate serious brain damage in an adult.
B. Beta waves – predominance of these may indicate emotional stress.
C. Alpha waves – are greatest during sensory stimulation.
D. Theta waves – absent during deep sleep.
72. Exhausted from studying all night, you briefly close your eyes and your mind starts to wander. Which brain waves would be most predominant in an EEG?
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Delta
D. Theta
73. Which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired?
A. Abducens – V
B. Oculomotor – III
C. Facial – VII
D. Accessory – XI
74. Your dentist gives you an injection of anesthetic in preparation for a filling. Which cranial nerve did they target?
A. V
B. VII
C. IX
D. XII
B. VII
C. IX
D. XII
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