Noncardiac causes for elevated natriuretic peptide levels

Noncardiac causes for elevated natriuretic peptide levels (BNP and proBNP) include the following:

 

Bacterial sepsis

 

End stage liver disease

 

Recent cardioversion

 

Malignancies

 

Question 2In assessing a woman with or at risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the NP considers that the patient will likely present:

 

In a manner similar to that of a man with equivalent disease

 

At the same age as a man with similar health problems

 

More commonly with angina and less commonly with acute MI

 

Less commonly with heart failure

 

Question 3Causes of unstable angina include all of the following except:

 

Ventricular hypertrophy

 

Vasoconstriction

 

Non-occlussive thrombus

 

Infection or inflammation

 

Question 4A patient with symptomatic Aortic Stenosis (AS) requires surgery due to severe symptoms. The patient has several comorbidities and is deemed to have prohibitive surgical risks. Despite this risk stratification and due to the severity of the symptoms this patient may be a candidate for the following intervention:

 

Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR)

 

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

 

Either an AVR or TAVR

 

This patient is not a surgical candidate

 

Question 5Aortic stenosis in a 15-year-old is most likely:

 

A sequela of rheumatic fever

 

A result of congenital defect

 

Calcific in nature

 

Found with atrial septal defect

 

Question 6Examination of a patient in a supine position reveals distended jugular veins from the base of the neck to the angle of the jaw. This finding indicates

 

decreased venous return

 

increased central venous pressure.

 

increased pulmonary artery capillary pressure.

 

left-sided heart failure

 

Question 7A 65-year-old African American male with NYHA class III CHF presents with decompensated heart failure despite compliance with taking an ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, and diuretics. According to the ACCF/AHA guidelines the next pharmacologic agent to be added should be:

 

Calcium channel blocker

 

Nitrate

 

Alpha 2-receptor agonist

 

Prostacyclin inhibitor

 

Question 8You are examining an elderly woman and find a grade 3/6 crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur with radiation to the neck. This is most likely caused by:

 

Aortic stenosis

 

Aortic reguritation

 

Mitral stenosis

 

Mitral regurgitation

 

Question 9The rationale for using beta blocker therapy in treatment of HF is to:

 

Increase myocardial contractility

 

Reduce the effects of circulating catecholamines

 

Relieve concomitant angina

 

Stabilize cardiac rhythm

 

Question 10Which is the primary consideration when preparing to administer thrombolytic therapy to a patient who is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

 

History of heart disease

 

Co-morbid conditions

 

Size and location of the MI.

 

Time since onset of symptoms

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