PSY 550 Week 1 Discussions 1, 2 Papers

PSY 550 Week 1 Discussions 1, 2 Papers Latest-GCU

PSY 550 Week 1 Discussions 1, 2 Papers

PSY 550 Week 1 Discussion 1 Latest-GCU

How does the scientific method point towards truth? What is truth, and how do you know when you have found it?

PSY 550 Week 1 Discussion 2 Latest-GCU

Contrast deductive and inductive reasoning, and explain how they can each be used to generate a hypothesis.PSY 550 Week 1 Discussions 1, 2 Papers

ORDER COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTION PAPER ON PSY 550 Week 1 Discussions 1, 2 Papers

PSY550 Chapter 8, module 17, Exercises 2 and 4 Solved

2.To test the hypothesis in Exercise 1, the admissions counselors select a random sample of freshmen and compare their scores on the SAT to those of the population of upper classmen. They find that the freshmen do in fact have a higher mean SAT score. However, what they are unaware of is that the sample of freshmen was not representative of all freshmen at Brainy University. Infact, the sample over-represented those with high scores and underrepresented those with low scores. What type of error (Type I or Type II ) did the counselors make?

ANSWER: The counselors made a Type I error. They rejected the null hypothesis that there was no relationship between grade level and SAT score when in fact the sample was skewed and they could not conclude that.

4.What are the appropriate H0 and Ha for each of the following research studies? In addition, note whether the hypothesis test is one-or two tailed.

a.A study in which researchers want to test whether there is a difference in spatial ability between left-and right-handed people.

ANSWER: Ho: There is no significant difference in spatial ability between left and righthanded people. Ha: There is a significant difference in spatial ability between left and righthanded people. The test comes under two-tailed test

1. A study in which researchers want to test whether nurses who work 8-hour shifts deliver higher-quality work than those who work 12-hour shifts.

ANSWER: Ho: There is no significant difference in quality of work done by the nurses in 8 hr shifts and 12 hr shifts. Ha: The nurses work in 8 hr shift done quality work then when they work in 12 hr shifts. Test comes under Right one-tailed.

1. A study in which researchers want to determine whether crate-training puppies is superior to training without a crate. ANSWER: Ho: There is no significant difference between crate training puppies and training puppies without a crate. Ha: The crate training puppies superior than training without a crate. The test comes under left one-tailed test.

Chapter 8, module 18, exercises 2 and 4

2.What is the standard error of the difference between means?

ANSWER: The difference between the means of two samples, A and B, both randomly drawn from the same normally distributed source population, belongs to a normally distributed sampling distribution whose overall mean is equal to zero and whose standard deviation (“standard error”) is equal to square. root[(sd2/na) + (sd2/nb)] where:

  sd2 = the variance of the source population (i.e., the square of the standard deviation);

  na = the size of sample A; and nb = the size of sample B.

To calculate the standard error of any particular sampling distribution of sample-mean differences, enter the mean and standard deviation (sd) of the source population, along with the values of na and nb, and then click the “Calculate” button.

4. A college student is interested in whether there is a difference between male and female students in the amount of time spent studying each week. The student gathers information from a random sample of male and female students on campus. Amount of time spent studying is normally distributed. The data follow.

Males              Females

27                    25

25                    29

19                    18

10                    23

16                    20

22                    15

• 19

1. What statistical test should be used to analyze these data? ANSWER: Two-sample T-test
2. Identify H0 and Ha for this study. ANSWER: Null: H0: There is no difference in study hours between male and female. Alternative: Hₐ: There is difference in study hours between male and female.
3. Conduct the appropriate analysis. ANSWER: Now since the data is normally distributed we can use the 2-sample t-test to test the Hypothesis. Here we can take our level of significance as 0.05 or a confidence level of 95%.
4. Should H0 be rejected? What should the researcher conclude? ANSWER: Ho is not rejected, and this means there is insufficient evidence here to reject the null hypothesis that the hours studied are different.
5. If significant, compute the effect size and interpret. ANSWER: T-Test of difference = 0 (vs not =): T-Value = -0.78 P-Value = 0.450 DF = 11

Individual Value Plot of Males, Females

Interpretation: Since the P-value(0.450) is greater than the significance level of (0.05) thus we can accept the null hypothesis and say that there is no difference in study hours for male and female.

1. If significant, draw a graph representing the data. ANSWER: Difference is not significant, thus no graph needed, because of interpretation:

Since the P-value(0.450) is greater than the significance level of (0.05) thus we can accept the null hypothesis and say that there is no difference in study hours for male and female.

References

Jackson, S. (2014). Research Methods: A Modular Approach (3rd ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.