HLT515?Week 5 Midterm Paper

Social Behavior and Cultural Factor in Public Health HLT515 Week 5 Midterm Paper  

HLT515 Week 5 Midterm Paper

1The main difference between race and ethnicity is:

Race is a social construct and ethnicity is a group of characteristics that describe a group of people.

People can discriminate based upon race, but not on ethnicity.

People who believe in ethnicity and not race believe they are better than other races.

None of the above.

2Community-Oriented Primary Care is one way to:

Connect clinical care and public health.

Involve community members in the process finding cures to disease.

Reduce health care costs for marginalized citizens.

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All of the above.

3The Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services includes all of the following constructs except:

Cultural awareness.

Cultural skill.HLT515 Week 5 Midterm Paper

Cultural precompetence.

Cultural desire.

4Each is a contributing factor to individual health except:

Environmental exposures.

Genetics.

Behavior (lifestyle) choices.

Education.

5An example of a determinant would be:

Smoking.

Hurricane.

Religious beliefs.

All of the above.

6A current definition of public health might read as:

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health…through organized community effort.

The organized community efforts aimed at the prevention of disease and the promotion of health.

The totality of all evidence – based public and private efforts that preserve and promote health and prevent disease, disability, and death.

None of the above.

7The relationship between theories of health and illness and a person’s “bodily experience” can best be described as:

Causal.

Correlational.

Influencing contextual meaning.

None of the above.

8Nongovernmental organizations provide assistance to public health initiatives by:

Educating the public.

Supporting research.

Providing health services.

All of the above.

9Health disparities can be identified by all of the following except:

Higher incidence of chronic disease.

Higher mortality.

Poorer health outcomes compared to the majority of the population.

Ethnicity.

10The concept of Community-Oriented Primary Care implies:

That public health issues can and should be addressed at the level of the community with active involvement of health care providers and community members.

Certain principles underlie the concept such as defining health care needs by examining the community as a whole.

That great leadership is required to develop community partnerships.

All of the above.

11A member of the Black Panther Party could be classified as which of the following in the acculturation framework discussed in the text:

Assimilated.

Integrated.

Marginal.

Separated.

12The best example of how approaches to public health have changed over time would be:

A paradigm shift in the focus of attention in improving public health.

Development and discoveries within the medical profession.

Cultural and societal changes in the way we live.

None of the above.

13Which is not a step in developing Community-Oriented Primary Care?

Community definition.

Evaluation.

Intervention.

Assurance.

14Theories of illness can be divided into what two categories?

Personalistic and naturalistic.

Worldview and community view.

Cognitive orientation and cultural orientation.

None of the above.

15Evil eye is an example of:

A cognitive theory of illness.

A personalistic theory of illness.

A naturalistic theory of illness.

None of the above.

16Multicultural health can be described as all, but the following:

Taking into consideration a patient’s lifestyle when offering treatment.

Not judging those health beliefs and practices that are different from your own.

Determining one best approach for providing health care.

Providing care within legal, ethical, and medically sound practices.

17Causes of health disparities associated with residential location may include each of the following except:

Environmental toxins.

Economic stress.

Diversity.HLT515 Week 5 Midterm Paper

Physical conditions.

18The United States is often referred to as a “melting pot” because:

It is very diverse.

It is a leader in refining and melting precious metals.

Health care professionals work together to offer quality health care

None of the above.

19The main difference between a biomedical and a holistic approach to care is:

Research studies.

Consideration of social aspects affecting wellness.

Cultural beliefs.

All of the above.

20Currently, an example of a vulnerable group would be:

High risk mother and children

People with disabilities.

Immune-suppressed persons.

All of the above.

21 The Lalonde Report was significant because:

First acknowledgment that health is determined by more than biological factors.

Led to the development of the health field concept.

Both A and B.

None of the above

22 Local health departments outside of large cities did not exist until:

The 19th century.

The 20th century.

The 18th century.

None of the above.

23An example of an essential public health service would be:

Regulation of nursing homes.

Assessment.

Assurances.

Policy development.

24Understanding cultural adaptation is important for health care professionals because:

They will be better prepared to identify which race or ethnicity a person is.

They will be better prepared to deal with such issues as language barriers and distrust of the American medical system.

Both A and B.

None of the above.

25The agency most identified with public health at the federal level is:

The World Health Organization.

The National Institutes of Health.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

None of the above.

26The process that occurs when individuals or groups of different cultures are absorbed into the dominant society is called:

Adaptation.

Integration.

Acculturation.

Assimilation

27The federal government’s role in public health is largely dictated by:

The Interstate Commerce clause of the US constitution.

Acceptance by the states of federal funding.HLT515 Week 5 Midterm Paper

Both A and B.

None of the above.

28Private foundations have played a major role in funding public health efforts and also:

Advancing public health efforts.

Stimulating governmental funding.

Both A and B.

None of the above

29The four components of population health are:

Health Issues, Interventions, Social Justice, and Health Concerns.

Health Issues, Population(s), Society’s Shared Health Concerns, and Society’s Vulnerable Groups.

Health Issues, Healthcare Systems, Traditional Public Health, and Social Policy.

None of the above.

30Each is a core public health function except:

Assessment.

Assurance.

Addressing underlying causes of disease.

Policy development.

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HLT515 Week 7 Teen Pregnancy among The African American Population Example Research Paper

It is a matter once alleged to remain unruly, nonetheless pregnancy and birth rates for African American teenagers have released abruptly in the prior two eras—at a significantly quicker catch than that of white adolescents. Aside from this, African American young ladies are additional than twice as likely as white girls to wind up noticeably expecting previously when they leave adolescence. This crystal semi full, partial purgative state is a matter that has on shuffling conditions. The cultural and traditional absurdities surrounding high schooler pregnancy are rigid necked, commonly a source and consequence of want and a confusing collection of shared variables. Youngster pregnancies are classically impulsive and escorted a supercilious sign fee, estimate U.S. peoples up to $22 million a year, as specified by the Office of Adolescent Health, which is a section of the U.S. Branch of Health and Human Services. The author will briefly discuss teenage pregnancy in the African Americans population and how demographics, social, cultural, and behavioral factors contribute to the occurrence of teen pregnancy issues within that population. There will also be a brief explanation of the relationship between teen pregnancy and the African American population. Viewpoints from different strategies and interventions that are in place to help the African American prevent or treat teen pregnancy to be discussed.

Youngster pregnancy quite ascended as a span in the mid-1960s thus far did not finish up strikingly widespread pending the 1970s (Black Teenage Pregnancy, 2017). Researchers ongoing focus adolescent moms in addition saw how their lives were predisposed by poverty, which carried approximately focusing on qualms near evading unwanted childbirths (Why Teen Women Of Color Are More Likely To Become Pregnant, 2017). The foreword overdue the organization of early pregnancy as a communal subject was the deceptive abolishing conclusions. Adolescent gestation contributed a character as a community issue was acknowledged to be the reverberation of subordinate stages of exercise, wellbeing confidence, and low-paying professions, and furthermore more remarkable wellbeing embarrassments for these youngsters and their babies. Sexually vigorous individuals, grownups and youths, habitually find contraception tough. Sixty-one percent of gestations to females ages 20-24 years and 45% of pregnancies to women ages 25-29 years remain accidental. Adolescents may air problems by contraception if they have insufficient data or admittance to services. Furthermore, teens may have to struggle with plentiful psychosocial barricades to contraceptive use (Why Teen Women Of Color Are More Likely To Become Pregnant. (2017).

Plans have equally reviewed the impressions of duel and class on young pregnancy (Why Teen Women Of Color Are More Likely To Become Pregnant. (2017). Others have painstaking the outcome of state redundancy rates on Black and White high school pregnancy over a time of fiscal expansion (). In any case, a shortage of lettering is originating for opposing the varying effects of race and lesson with varying economic status after some period. This article takes a glimpse at adolescent pregnancy rates transverse over varying economies for youthful Black females and distinguishes pregnancy rates for trivial youngsters (15-17) and persons of grown-up young people (18-19). Pregnancy rates forwards ought to portray high school pregnancy as a societal topic more just than persons for youthful, yielding grown-ups. This investigation discovers two. In the first place, the sequences in which race and class impact high school condition are puzzling and energetic and respond to fluctuations in the budget mainly for several meetings of young individuals. Second, likening the Black youth with the issue of high school pregnancy is a dishonesty of genuineness in the 21st century.

The average exposed image of child pregnancy as a frank public problem is bizarre to two inevitabilities. To start with, taxes have remained dwindling for concluded 10 years for all youngsters and mainly for slight Black youths (Martin et al., 2009), as of not extensive ago when they have started to vary (Black Teenage Pregnancy, 2017). Subsequent, furthermost deliveries to a pregnant undeveloped person to grown-ups. Furthermore, researchers have made coaxing arguments that hardship is a source as an alternative of a repercussion of teenage pregnancy and any tragic outcomes after a high schooler pregnancy are minute, pretentious any, after detaching them since the bearings of poverty. Some of the issues investigated in the writing are the wellbeing, academic enhancement, and unsociable behavior of the descendants of young mothers. The exercise and monetary conditions of the high school moms and the use of exposed assistance by the pre-adult moms are additionally examined (Black Teenage Pregnancy, 2017). While current periods, the youth pregnancy rate, branded as the number of young ladies per 1,000 girls aged 15-19 who wind up purely pregnant, has been steadily lessening. Development has been complete in every one of the 50 states and between all racial and cultural assemblies, as designated by Albert. Since 1991, the general adolescent birth rate has weakened by 57 percent. The most theatrical drops were among adolescents of screening. Since 1991, high schooler birth rates among young African-American ladies fell 67 percent.  While among American Indian/Native Alaskans and Asian/Pacific Islanders, it declined 63 % and 68 %, separately. Birth rates among white youngsters dropped 57 percent amid that time.

Sex was likewise seen as a contributing variable in high school pregnancy; just like the absence of male obligation in adolescent pregnancy. From the youngster guys’ point of view: ‘A few young ladies may have a little confidence and that will make them search for a father in a sweetheart and if the male is not a man of honor he may exploit her.’ Some of the pregnant and parent adolescents said they ended up noticeably pregnant because they needed to have their own understanding of childbearing and parenthood. High schooler guardians saw accomplishing parenthood as an indication of freedom from parental control and specialist. The recognition that young pregnancy and early parenthood are more typical among African Americans reverberated among the members. A greater part of the guardians, school staff, and pastors specified that African American adolescents who wind up noticeably pregnant frequently originated from families with a background marked by young pregnancy. The larger part of high schoolers, including guys and females, saw young pregnancy as the standard in their families and groups (Community perspective on a model to reduce teenage pregnancy, 2002).

In conclusion, as far away as 15 years, the CDC has introduced software design that aims tribal and traditional alterations in high schooler pregnancy, as per Valerie Fuller, a wellbeing scholar in the CDC’s Division of Reproductive Health. This party focusses on clusters where there remain high rates of teen pregnancies and birth, particularly between African-American, she said. The CDC exploits a five-pronged technique to contract through report the issue, she stated: joining assembly enclosure; pushing possessions into developments that have stayed displayed to decrease high schooler pregnancy; intensifying youth access to contraceptives and socially placed therapeutic services supervision; coaching group innovators and godparents, and fetching issues to light in mixed sets about the linking between youngster pregnancy and other social troubles. Believers for youth wellbeing say that detailed, restoratively obvious sex training is a key ruse in contesting juvenile pregnancy.

References

Black Teenage Pregnancy – Jan 31, 2012. (2017). Journals.sagepub.com. Retrieved 27 April 2017, from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2158244012436563

Crump, A., Haynie, D., Aarons, S., Adair, E., Woodward, K., & Simons-Morton, B. (1999). Pregnancy among urban African-American teens: ambivalence about prevention. American Journal Of Health Behavior, 23(1), 32-42.

Manlove, J. (1998). The Influence of High School Dropout and School Disengagement on the Risk of School-Age Pregnancy. Journal Of Research On Adolescence, 8(2), 187-220.

Tabi, M. M. (2002). Community perspective on a model to reduce teenage pregnancy. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 40(3), 275-284. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02369.x

Why Teen Women Of Color Are More Likely To Become Pregnant. (2017). The Huffington Post. Retrieved 27 April 2017, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/05/racial-and-ethnic-dispari_n_6799378.html