Discussion Prompt:? One of the ideas to improve medical care is a universal medical smart card that contains all the information needed for any medical registration system. What are the a

Jenny

Some of the advantages I see in having a universal medical smart card is that because it contains all the information needed for the registration system used, it can be a quicker more efficient way to transfer health data to this system. The standard is usually to have this information put into the system manually by speaking with the patient and filling out each field when it comes to registration. Another advantage I see is that because it is universal, many different healthcare organizations can utilize this feature. For the patient, this can make it easier to go to one institution to the next without having to be put into the registration system again. Depending on the smart card, would depend on what information would be transferred over. One disadvantage I see with using this type of smart card is that it could easily get lost. Another disadvantage is that the information on the card can be stolen if It does get lost, or possibly hacked if it gets into the wrong hands. I believe the EHR system would have to be set up with different standards that could be put together by IT, informatics, and other teams that would need to collaborate to make this possible. Security measurements would have to be put in place, and across different EHR systems it would somehow have to be the same in some aspects due to the card itself being universal for each. 

Thomas

A universal medical smart card would be a great improvement to healthcare because it will close the gap of interoperability. If a card like this is implemented it would be much easier to obtain patient information under specific conditions or level of awareness of the patient. For example, people are brought into the ER with possibly just a driver’s license and are not able to provide any other pertinent information because of their physical/mental state. If patients were to have a card that can provide all of the registration details, such as insurance, emergency contacts, POLST, DPOA information, and other essential pieces of information, it would make care so much more efficient. On the other hand, a disadvantage is that there is the possibility of fraud and misuse. Having a single card with all of someone’s medical information can be easily lost, and be in the hands of someone who will misuse it. Another possible disadvantage would be that the smart card might not always be up to date. Essentially, it would be the patient's responsibility to update the information on this card, and it would be difficult to facilitate that on the healthcare provider's side. For this to be implemented, EHR systems would have to expand their technology to utilize a universal card that can be used by many other EHR systems. It may be difficult to program the card to be able to be scanned in by multiple different systems as well. There are many great benefits to this idea, but there are many things to consider with privacy and changes to make in EHR.

Bryan

Developing a medical smart card that contains patient information would be fast and efficient for medical registration, but come with many high risks. Some of the advantages of having a card like this is that I am assuming it would contain all the information of a patient such as their name, background, medical history, and more; that way healthcare providers would not have to take up time typing in information and going on a hunt to look through multiple files to see a patient's history if needed. Some disadvantages are people are at risk of getting their information stolen. If patients' held onto these cards, it would cause a huge problem if lost. Someone could easily obtain your medical card and get access to your medical history invading one's privacy. How EHR systems would have to adapt to using these cards is creating a system that will make the card useful to the patient and to the provider as well as enforcing ways to help protect the patient's information that is on the card. Although having a medical smart card sounds very efficient and handy, there are many things that have to be planned and developed to help make sure patient's are protected. 

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Writing a Paragraph

Writing a Paragraph

A paragraph should be around 3-8 sentences and focus on one major idea. Writers use paragraphs to structure and organize their ideas, so it’s important to understand how to properly structure one in order to write clearly. 

Basic Writing Structure

The basic structure for most forms of communication is to have a beginning, middle, end. Think of your favorite stories or films. For the most part, they will introduce, develop, and conclude. As a form of communication, writing follows this very similar and basic structure of storytelling. And though some of your writing may require additional sections and specific formats, the same basic idea resides—you need to have a  beginning,  middle, and  end. 

In writing, these three sections are referred to as the  introduction,  body, and  conclusion. You can think of a paper like a sandwich, where the body is the meat and the introduction/conclusion are the buns that surround and hold the meat together. Though introductions and conclusions are typically only one paragraph (or one piece of bread) each, the body is only limited in size by the length of the assignment (their appetite). 

A paper's body could be one paragraph or ten paragraphs, just like a sandwich could be one slice of cheese or a triple bacon cheese burger. So, use the length of the assignment to help you gauge and outline how long the body should be. For example, a 3-page paper may only have room for a 2 or 3 body paragraphs, but an 8-page paper could have room for 5, 6, or 7 body paragraphs. This is why it's important to pay attention to the length of assignments and to outline your paper's structure before you write.

Next, you will learn more about the structure and design of these sections.

Structure

Just like a paper, a paragraph has a beginning, middle, and end.  The beginning, or first sentence, of a paragraph should be the  topic sentence: a sentence that states what that paragraph is going to be about, i.e., the main idea. Do not leave your reader guessing. Always start your paragraphs with a clear topic sentence.  The middle of the paragraph will contain the explanation and support for that main idea. This is where you would bring in examples or evidence to support your idea as well as further analyze the topic.  The end, or last sentence, of a paragraph should  wrap-up or restate your main idea and transition to the next paragraph. Below is an example of this structure:

Should all hospitals use electronic health records?

Electronic health records should be used because they are permanent. Unlike paper records, electronic health records not wear or break down over time. They are stored on computer hard drives and servers, so their data remains intact despite the years that pass or what happens to the provider. Smith1 mentions that over time, many hospitals or organizations that use paper records lose track of them or find that they are destroyed due to fire or flooding. Electronic health records, on the other hand, are disaster-proof and will last as long as the servers that store them are operational. Because of this permanence, they should be used by hospitals instead of paper records.

· Topic Sentence

· Body

· Wrap-up

Introductions

As the name indicates, introductions should “introduce,” outline, or give a detailed overview of what your paper is going to talk about. This means introducing the topic, outlining the major points that will be discussed, giving the relevant background, and presenting a clear thesis (main idea). Introductions are difficult to write if you have not properly outlined your ideas and if you are not aware of the structure needed for your assignment. An introduction should NOT talk vaguely about the topic or give a lot of overly broad background information on the subject.  They should give specific details and bits of information that outline the parts of the paper. As seen in the example below, students should begin their introduction with a clear topic sentence and end with a detailed thesis. Avoid vague language, over-generalizations, or going off-topic.

For the courses in HCI, you will use the introduction to restate the question that you are addressing. Copying the question is acceptable, however, restating the question in your own words demonstrates that you understand what is being asked.

Introduction: Should all hospitals use electronic health records? 

All hospitals should use electronic health records (EHRs). As new legislation and advances in technology have led many hospitals and clinics away from paper records, the debate between the two still lingers. Some doctors cling to paper records out of habit or personal preference, and there are often concerns about the security of information and protecting patient privacy. But, as Americans become more transient and medical professionals more interconnected, the fact that electronic records can be shared easily between hospitals is becoming more and more important. EHRs also have a physical lasting power that is unmatched by paper records. There are legitimate concerns about the security of electronic records, but the benefits outweigh the risks. Thus, even though EHRs pose some security risks, every hospital should use them because they are permanent and they can be shared easily between hospitals. 

Topic Sentences

As mentioned previously, a  topic sentence is the first sentence of a paragraph and it tells the reader what that paragraph is going to be about. In the example below, the paragraph argues that EHRs should be used because they are permanent; thus, the topic sentence clearly outlines this. 

The topic sentence in healthcare writing is important as it is the leading message for your reader. You want to the reader to get the main message first so that they will continue reading with interest. 

Should all hospitals use electronic health records?

Electronic health records should be used because they are permanent. Unlike paper records, electronic health records do not wear or break down over time. They are stored on computer hard drives and servers, so their data remains intact despite the years that pass or what happens to the provider. Smith mentions that over time, many hospitals or organizations that use paper records lose track of them or find that they are destroyed due to fire or flooding (Author, date). Electronic health records, on the other hand, are disaster-proof and will last as long as the servers that store them are operational. Because of this permanence, they should be used by hospitals instead of paper records.

· Topic Sentence

· Body

· Wrap-up

Body

As the “meat” of the paper, the body is where the main ideas are developed, sources are brought in to support them, and the overall argument is made. Each paragraph within the body should revolve around one major idea and follow the basic guidelines of a paragraph, i.e., topic sentence, idea, support, wrap-up. Outlining is key to writing the paper’s body. With a proper outline, you’ll know how many paragraphs (or ideas) you want to present, what order you want to present them, and what you want to say in them.

For the body of the paragraph, there are details that support the topic sentence. Each idea should be supported with evidence. In this example, an outside resource was used as an example to support the main idea.  Much of your writing in HCI will demand that you support it with source evidence; the body is where you quote, paraphrase, summarize, or present data/information to support your ideas. 

Sample Body Structure

Body Paragraph 1: EHRs are permanent

· Idea: Electronic health records should be used because they are permanent.

· Support: Use an example from Smith to support this 

Should all hospitals use electronic health records?

Electronic health records should be used because they are permanent.  Unlike paper records, electronic health records do not wear or break down over time. They are stored on computer hard drives and servers, so their data remains intact despite the years that pass or what happens to the provider. Smith mentions that over time, many hospitals or organizations that use paper records lose track of them or find that they are destroyed due to fire or flooding (Author, date). Electronic health records, on the other hand, are disaster-proof and will last as long as the servers that store them are operational. Because of this permanence, they should be used by hospitals instead of paper records. Having looked at the benefits and limited drawbacks of EHRs, it is abundantly clear that full adoption by hospitals would be the most effective route. The future of healthcare will rest upon the ability of providers and patients to adapt and adjust to the advantages of technology, so in order to better fulfill the needs of patients, hospitals need to get on board and fully adopt electronic records .

· Topic Sentence

· Body

· Wrap-up

Conclusions

Conclusions wrap-up or tie together everything that’s been said and give you a final chance to lay out your main ideas before the reader. Your conclusion should restate your main idea(s)/thesis, address any loose ends, and point to future directions for research or for your topic. You can think of the conclusion paragraph as a mirror or inverse of the introduction. Just as the introduction presents the topic, main idea, and supporting points to the reader, so does the conclusion bring all of those back together to wrap things up neatly and make one final push to persuade the reader.

Should all hospitals use electronic health records?

Electronic health records should be used because they are permanent.  Unlike paper records, electronic health records do not wear or break down over time. They are stored on computer hard drives and servers, so their data remains intact despite the years that pass or what happens to the provider. Smith mentions that over time, many hospitals or organizations that use paper records lose track of them or find that they are destroyed due to fire or flooding (Author, date). Electronic health records, on the other hand, are disaster-proof and will last as long as the servers that store them are operational. Because of this permanence, they should be used by hospitals instead of paper records.  Having looked at the benefits and limited drawbacks of EHRs, it is abundantly clear that full adoption by hospitals would be the most effective route. The future of healthcare will rest upon the ability of providers and patients to adapt and adjust to the advantages of technology, so in order to better fulfill the needs of patients, hospitals need to get on board and fully adopt electronic records.

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