Need help answering the following 6 questions based on the attached case study (Involving the US & Canada)? No page minimum required just please make sure all questions are answered corre
Need help answering the following 6 questions based on the attached case study (Involving the US & Canada)
No page minimum required just please make sure all questions are answered correctly with explanations.
Writing and Submission Requirements
- The first page must be followed by the text of the case with the country-specific information included.
- Pages should be numbered.
- All exhibits, such as figures, and tables, should be clearly labeled and referenced within the paper. Provide a list of references in the Appendix (APA format)
- Use Times New Roman font 12pt.
Week 7 Case Study Terms used in the case study:
the country refers to the country of concern you have been working on throughout this
semester (in your individual case, the country is CANADA)
the foreign partner refers to the company in CANADA you consider starting a joint venture with
(Canadian Company or investor)
Your MNC is your US company that exports to Canada.
Your MNC has been exporting its products to CANADA for nearly a decade. But recently you have been
contacted by the Canadian Company with a proposal of starting a joint venture for the production of
the product. Currently, the MNC exports 50,000 units of a product a year to CANADA’S importers at a
per‐unit price of $50 including shipping and insurance. The MNC had managed to obtain an import
agreement from CANADA’S government for a 10‐year period, which is due to expire within one year.
The pre‐tax profit on the exported product was $15 per unit (see Table 1 for cost breakdown) and unit
sales were expected to increase at the rate of 2.9% per year based on the projected changes in the GDP
in CANADA
Table 1. Cost Breakdown of the Product (Exported)
Cost Type Cost per Unit
Components $20 Labor Cost $10 Freight and Insurance $5
Total Cost $35
Based on the discussions held with the Canadian Company, you estimated that the cost of establishing
the manufacturing facility in CANADA would be around $3,000,000 at the prevailing exchange rate of $1
= $1.36 . The Canadian Company agreed to invest 50% of the initial outlay. In addition to fixed assets,
you also estimated that $500,000 worth of working capital would be needed for a start‐up.
Under the tentative terms of the joint venture, the Canadian Company would manage the day‐to‐day
operations of the business with overall supervision being the responsibility of your chief engineer. The
MNC would turn over the operation to the Canadian Company after 7 years, in exchange for full
reimbursement of the working capital and a purchase price amounting to 125% of the net book value of
the fixed assets at that time. You were able to get Canada’s government to reach a tentative agreement
whereby at the end of each year, MNC’s share of new cash flows from the joint venture could be
remitted to the US at the prevailing exchange rate.
You had checked with the tax authorities in Canada and found out that fixed assets could be depreciated
on a straight‐line basis over 10 years. The corporate tax rate in Canada is 26.5%, and the US federal
corporate income tax rate is 21%. After meeting with various suppliers and checking quality control
standards, you worked out the details regarding the revised cost structure of the product (see Table 2).
The product manufactured in Canada would be made of a combination of domestic and US components.
According to the assessment, the net cost of the components imported from the US (manufactured by
the MNC) would be $5 per unit and would be supplied by the joint venture at the rate of $8 per unit.
Producing the product in the country comes with significant cost advantages.
Table 2. Cost Breakdown of the Product Manufactured in the Country
Cost Type Cost per Unit
Domestic Components $12 Imported Components $8 Labor Cost $5
Total Cost $25
You asked the assistant if it would be better for the MNC to raise money in Canada at the rate of 3.25%
per year, or borrow the dollars in the US at the rate of 3.25% and remit the funds to Canada after
conversion at the prevailing exchange rate. The assistant implied that it didn’t matter because, assuming
no significant differences in transaction costs or other impediments in either country, based on the
principle of covered interest arbitrage, there should be no real advantage one way or another.
You know that the required rate of return on projects of this nature is typically 15% in the US. However,
you learned that the nominal risk‐free rate in Canada is 3.07% compared to 3.7305% in the US, while the
inflation rate is 7% in the country and 8.3% in the US. Moreover, it is the MNC’s policy to estimate
future foreign exchange rates on the basis of projected inflation rates. Accordingly, you had collected
inflation rate forecasts for the next seven years for Canada and the US.
Table 3. Projected Annual Inflation Rates
Q1=Y1 Q2=Y2 Q2=Y3 Q3=Y4 Q3=Y5 Q4=Y6 Q4=Y7
US 5.9% 4.4% 4.4% 8.3% 8.3% 7.3% 7.3%
Canada 5.3% 3.5% 3.5% 7% 7% 6.6% 6.6%
The comprehensive analysis of relevant cash flows must be completed using both the “home currency”
as well as the “foreign currency” approach.
Questions:
1. What did the assistant mean when they referred to covered interest arbitrage that made the two options indifferent? Do you agree? Explain.
2. Based on the differential inflation rate projections, what is the expected end‐of‐year exchange rate between the US dollar and Canada’s currency for the next seven years?
3. Based on the “home currency” approach, what should you recommend?
4. As you went over the numbers again, you realized that there was a major error. One of the machines, which were to be shipped over to Canada as part of the MNC’s initial investment, had been accounted for at its book value of $500,000. But it had an estimated market value of $700,000. The machine could be depreciated on a straight‐line basis over seven years. What effect would this error have on the analysis and recommendation?
5. How would the analysis and recommendations change if the MNC intends to use this joint venture as a steppingstone to maintain a permanent position in Canada and therefore reinvest its earnings in Canada?
6. Besides exchange rate fluctuations, what other risk factors would you have to take into consideration before making your recommendations?
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