Which theory of attention posits that selection occurs after all incoming stimuli have been identified?
Which theory of attention posits that selection occurs after all incoming stimuli have been identified?
ention.
attenuation theory
late selection theory
early selection theory
All theories of attention make this assumption.
Question 2The term ________ is typically associated with the physiological processes that underlie information intake, while the term ________ is typically associated with the interpretation and organization of incoming information.
top-down processing; bottom-up processing
bottom-up processing; top-down processing
sensation; perception
perception; sensation
Question 3The higher cognitive processes, such as remembering, planning, and deciding are located in:
the cerebral cortex.
the midbrain.
the hindbrain.
none of the above.
Question 4Metacognition refers to:
the role that emotion plays in cognition.
the fact that we have evolved particular cognitive tendencies and abilities.
the role that the body plays in thinking.
the knowledge we have about our own cognitive processes.
Question 5The notion of an affordance – – that certain objects or structures offer particular “action possibilities” (i.e., sitting) — fits nicely with which theoretical approach?
constructive view of perception
direct view of perception
Gestalt principles of organization
top-down processing
Question 6You set out from your living room to go down to the basement to get something. When you get to the basement, you forget what you have walked down there to get. What kind of action slip is this?
description error
associative activation error
capture error
loss of activation error
Question 7Our tendency to group elements that occur at the same time is called:
common fate.
similarity.
closure.
synchrony.
Question 8Noam Chomsky:
proposed that language can be accounted for solely based on S-R principles.
sharply criticized Skinner’s view of language learning.
proposed that language learning is dependent on automatic self-reinforcement.
saw no need for the concept of mental representations in explaining language.
Question 9Drifting toward the center line while trying to retrieve the cell phone you dropped on the car floor would be an example of a deficit in what level of task, as described by the Groeger (1999) framework?
operational
tactical
strategic
planning
Question 10The identification of a stimulus with the help of context, previous knowledge, and/or expectations is called:
top-down processing.
bottom-up processing.
materialism.
phenomenal consciousness.
Question 11The sense of subjective awareness of what our mind is currently doing is termed:
access consciousness.
phenomenal consciousness.
metacognition.
unconsciousness.
Question 12A speech perception effect in which visual information conflicts with auditory signals, changing the perceived speech sound is called:
the averaging effect.
synesthesia.
the ventriloquist effect.
the McGurk effect.
Question 13The behaviorists claimed that in order for learning to take place, you need to have________ and ________. It turns out ________ is (are) absolutely necessary.
mental representations; motivation; neither
mental representations; motivation; only mental representations
response and reinforcement; neither
response and reinforcement; only reinforcement
Question 14Post-attentive processes:
require little attention.
occur before attention is focused.
are effortful and conscious.
would include the perceptual grouping processes proposed by Gestalt psychologists.
Question 15Research on split-brain patients reveals that:
the left hemisphere typically specializes in verbal processing, while the right hemisphere specializes in spatial tasks
the left hemisphere typically specializes in spatial tasks, while the right hemisphere specializes in verbal processing
people who have had their corpus callosum severed have a great deal of difficulty functioning in everyday life
for normal people, there is no difference between the functioning of the left and right hemispheres
The answer can be found in Section 1.4 Psychology A.D
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