Which of the following statements best describes stakeholders?

Question 1Which of the following statements best describes stakeholders?

  They are entities or individuals who have a direct role in the development of policy.

 

  They have equal influence in different types of political systems.

 

  They primarily influence the formulation of health policy.

 

  They have a stronger influence on policymaking when their positions converge.

 

 Question 2Physicians who treat members of a health maintenance organization (HMO) have an incentive to order more tests, perform more procedures, and lengthen hospital stays.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 3The significance of a health policy is unrelated to the severity of the health problem it is targeting.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 4Health policy addressing a particular problem will not appear on the policy agenda without the approval of the governing body’s leader.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 5Which of the following is a prominent theory of disease causality?

 

  Lifestyle theory

 

  Germ theory

 

  Environmental theory

 

  All of the above

 

 Question 6The environmental determinants of health

 

  are the physical dimensions of an individual’s existence.

 

  have a greater impact on health than the medical care system does.

 

  have only a direct impact on health.

 

  None of the above

 

 Question 7Which of the following countries has the highest per capita healthcare expenditures?

 

  Australia

 

  United States

 

  Japan

 

  Netherlands

 

 Question 8Individuals have equal control over the three categories of behavioral risk factors.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 9Because private policy affects private organizations only, it is not influenced by public policy.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 10The habit of cigarette smoking is considered a leisure activity risk.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 11Regulatory policy is one of the major types of health policy in the US.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 12Which of the following is not an example of regulatory policy?

 

  Prohibition of smoking in public places

 

  Legislation protecting customers from excessive premiums

 

  Licensure requirements for medical professionals

 

  Medicaid

 

 Question 13The executive branch at the federal level

 

  is made up of the US court system.

 

  has the power to tax.

 

  can establish rules and regulations to implement statutes and laws.

 

  crafts legislation independent of the administration’s interests.

 

 Question 14The US government’s principal agency for implementing many health laws is the Health Resources and Services Administration.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 15Which of the following congressional committees is not involved in health legislation?

 

  Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions

 

  House Energy and Commerce Committee

 

  House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform

 

  House Committee on Ways and Means

 

 Question 16Which of the following statements is not true about the development of legislation at the federal level?

 

  A bill introduced in Congress is assigned to a congressional committee.

 

  Decisions by the committee or subcommittee must be either “recommended” or “not recommended.”

 

  After a bill is approved by a committee, the full House or Senate hears the bill and may add amendments.

 

  A bill dies if a two-thirds majority of Congress cannot overturn the president’s veto.

 

 Question 17The judicial branch can make policy by interpreting a statute, establishing a judicial precedent, or interpreting the US Constitution.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 18Policy modification can take place during policy formulation or policy implementation.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 19The 2015 Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) created a merit-based payment system for physicians treating Medicare patients and encouraged them to participate in alternative payment models, in the shift from fee-for-service to pay-for-performance models.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 20Which of the following is not accomplished by the 2003 Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act (or MMA, the Medicare Modernization Act)?

 

  Offering tax breaks and subsidies for those trying to purchase prescription drugs

 

  Providing financial assistance, especially to seniors, for increasingly expensive drugs

 

  Encouraging the federal government to negotiate price discounts with drug companies

 

  Not restricting private providers, such as HMOs, from establishing a drug formulary

 

 Question 21Which of the following is part of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act?

 

  The definition of protected health information as part of its Privacy Rule

 

  National standards for the secure use of electronic healthcare information

 

  Specifications for administrative, physical, and technical security safeguards

 

  All of the above

 

 Question 22The Department of Health and Human Services is not involved in policy implementation.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 23Which of the following is not a power of the US Congress?

 

  The power to use any reasonable means not directly prohibited by the Constitution to carry out the will of the people

 

  The power to declare that federal or state laws are unconstitutional

 

  The power to tax

 

  The power to allocate funds and restrict the manner in which states use those funds

 

 Question 24Historically, health legislation has been more likely to be passed when the same political party controlled both the Congress and the Senate.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 25The state executive branch is the main lawmaking body of the government; it also approves the state’s budget and fulfills other functions of government.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 26Which of the following is not a component of the Massachusetts healthcare reform of 2006?

 

  An individual mandate and an employer mandate that require health insurance coverage

 

  The provision of subsidies through MassHealth for employers to purchase insurance

 

  The Commonwealth Care program, which provides insurance to low-income individuals

 

  The merger of the state Medicaid program with the Children’s Health Insurance Program

 

 Question 27Which of the following statements about local US governments is true?

 

  They typically operate at the county level or municipality level.

 

  They all follow the democratic model.

 

  The powers they are granted depend on the size of the county or municipality.

 

  All of the above.

 

 Question 28State governments include

 

  an executive branch.

 

  a legislative branch.

 

  a judicial branch.

 

  All of the above

 

 Question 29Which of the following statements about private health research institutes is true?

 

  They influence health policy by conducting policy research and analysis.

 

  They fund promising social experiments.

 

  They participate in the policy implementation process.

 

  They often are affiliated with private health foundations.

 

 Question 30Which of the following does not belong to the state executive branch?

 

  The governor

 

  The House of Representatives

 

  The secretary of state

 

  The attorney general

 

 Question 31Which of the following statements best describes health policymaking in nonfederal sectors?

 

  It is constrained by federal laws and regulations.

 

  It is driven by state governments.

 

  It is integrated and coordinated.

 

  It is directed by policy entrepreneurship at the grassroots level.

 

 Question 32State and local health policymaking is constrained by federal policy in the licensing of healthcare professionals, patient confidentiality, physician payment, and insurance coverage.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 33Interest groups can both propose a new law and draft a bill.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 34Which of the following statements about the policymaking process at the local government level is true?

 

  Local legislatures and councils have two chambers, just like federal and state legislatures do.

 

  Resolutions cannot be drafted by citizens.

 

  Resolutions are usually reviewed by committees in larger counties or cities and by the entire council or legislature in smaller local governments.

 

  Once a resolution is passed by the county legislature or city council, it becomes law.

 

 Question 35One proven factor in the link between fast food and obesity is proximity to fast-food outlets.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 36In the United States, little investment is made in health technology, workforce training, recruitment, and facility construction or renovation.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 37States retain the power to require employers to provide insurance to their employees.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 38The president of China cannot veto a bill after it is passed by the National People’s Congress.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 39Healthcare reform in China in 2009 introduced a universal healthcare system.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 40In China’s healthcare system, key stakeholders include think tanks, the public, and the media.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 41The policy implementation body of the World Health Organization is called the

 

  executive board.

 

  Secretariat.

 

  World Health Assembly.

 

  director-general.

 

 Question 42Which of the following entities is the main legislative body in Canada?

 

  House of Commons

 

  Senate

 

  Ridings

 

  Federal and provincial governments

 

 Question 43Which of the following statements about the Canada Health Act is not true?

 

  It is the primary piece of health-related legislation at the federal level.

 

  The law ensures universal health insurance and health services coverage in Canada.

 

  It was signed into law in 1984.

 

  The legal framework for provincial healthcare plans receiving federal funding should be independently created on the basis of the health conditions prevalent in each province.

 

 Question 44Among other functions, the World Health Organization coordinates immunization campaigns, disaster response efforts, and disease statistical monitoring programs.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 45Which of the following statements about the World Health Organization is not true?

 

  Sustainable Development Goal 3 helps frame its agenda, particularly for hepatitis and HIV.

 

  One of its most well-known programs was the campaign that successfully eliminated smoking.

 

  The WHO Secretariat carries out most of the implementation of its resolutions and motions.

 

  Appointing the director-general requires a two-thirds vote by the World Health Assembly.

 

 Question 46The World Health Organization sets international health policy and coordinates population health programs.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 47The bureaucratic nature of the World Health Organization and its perceived slow reaction time undermine its ability to respond in urgent situations.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 48Sweden is a European Union (EU) member state, so Sweden automatically adopts EU laws.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 49Task-shifting in primary care, from physicians to nonphysician health professionals, is more difficult in emerging economies due to lower remuneration and fewer professional expectations.

 

  True

 

  False

 

 Question 50In Canada, most key stakeholders are in favor of the universal healthcare system, but they have different views on the degree to which the system should be privatized.

 

  True

 

  False  

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