Fluid, Electrolytes and Lab Values Assignment
LPN Progression Transition
Module 5 Quiz
Fluid, Electrolytes and Lab Values Assignment
Question 1Which of the following best describes the sodium–potassium pump that maintains the unique composition of extracellular and intracellular compartments?
Active transport
Filtration
Osmosis
Diffusion
Question 2Which laboratory result on a client’s health record should alert the nurse to a potential problem?
Magnesium (Mg2+) = 1.8 mg/dL
Sodium (Na+) = 137 mEq/L
Calcium (Ca2+) = 9.2 mg/dL
Potassium (K+) = 5.2 mEq/L
Question 3At a first aid station on a marathon route, a client complains of headache, muscle cramps, weakness, nausea, and confusion after the race. Which statement made by the client might explain these symptoms?
“I am diabetic and checked my blood sugar after the race. It was normal.”
“I was really thirsty after the race. I drank several large bottles of water.”
“I take steroids regularly and did not stop taking them for the race.”
“I perspired quite a bit during the race, so I drank sports drinks when I finished.”
Question 4The nurse is aware that a balance between fluid intake and output is essential to maintain homeostasis. Excesses or deficits of intake can lead to severe disorders. In a healthy adult, which of the following regulate body fluids? Select all that apply.
Hormone Levels
Oxygen Saturation
Integumentary Function
Thirst Mechanism
Kidney Function
Question 5Identify the appropriate interventions for a client with hypovolemia. Select all that apply.
Teach deep breathing technique
Monitor Electrolyte Balance
Monitor Intake and Output (I & O)
Monitor Daily Weights
Encourage Fluid Intake
Question 6The nurse has started to infuse the first of two units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) on her client. What is the nurse’s next best action?
Delegate to the UAP to take vital signs every 15 minutes for 1 hour.
Infuse an IV solution of lactated Ringer’s with the blood.
Remain with the client for the first 15 minutes of the infusion.
Infuse the blood at a rate of 100 mL/hr. so it will infuse in 4 hours.
Question 7The nurse is providing care to the client with hypokalemia. Which of the following disease conditions may have contributed to the hypokalemia?
Congestive Heart Failure
Gastroenteritis
Renal Failure
Major Trauma
Question 8The nurse records a client’s hourly urine output from an indwelling catheter as follows:
0700: 36 mL
0800: 45 mL
0900: 85 mL
1000: 62 mL
1100: 50 mL
1200: 48 mL
1300: 94 mL
1400: 78 mL
1500: 60 mL
The nurse can conclude that the client’s urine output should be described as which of the following?
Within Normal Limits
High
Low
Inconclusive
Question 9Which electrolyte is the primary regulator of fluid volume?
Calcium
Potassium
Magnesium
Sodium
Question 10A healthcare provider prescribes 250 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride to be infused over 2 hours. A micro-drip infusion set is being used. What is the drip rate (drops/min) that the nurse should monitor?
250
60
125
125 (mL/hr) ´ 60 (drops/mL) = 125 drops/min
60 min
70
Question 11The nurse is providing care for the adult male client with a hematocrit of 30. Which condition would accurately explain this finding?
Extracellular Fluid Deficit
Elevated blood cell count
Intravascular Fluid Excess
Excess Transcellular fluid
Question 12The nurse gathers the following data: blood pressure (BP) = 150/94 mm Hg; neck veins distended; pulse (P) = 104 beats/min; pulse bounding; respiratory rate (RR) = 20 breaths/min; temperature (T) = 37°C (98.6°F). What disorder should the nurse suspect?
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hpypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Question 13The nurse is assessing the client with renal failure and notes that the client’s respirations are depressed, the client is lethargic with depressed respirations. His blood pressure (BP) is 80/40 mm Hg; pulse (P) is 58 beats/min; respiration rate (RR) is 12 breaths/min; and hypoactive reflexes are present. Which of the following may be the cause of these symptoms?
The client took frequent doses of magnesium-based laxative.
The client took calcium supplements and increased diary intake due to osteoporosis.
The client did not adhere to the prescribed fluid restriction and now has fluid overload.
The client continued use of potassium-sparing diuretics after the renal failure diagnosis.
Question 14Which of the following older clients’ needs to increase the daily fluid intake? One who typically drinks (assume three meals per day):
250 mL at each meal, plus 600 mL throughout the day
400 mL at each meal, plus 500 mL throughout the day
300 mL at each meal, plus 1,000 mL throughout the day
200 mL at each meal, plus 1,000 mL throughout the day
Question 15The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. The client has chronic fluid volume excess secondary to ineffective pumping action of the heart. When teaching this client about fluid and electrolyte balance, which diet is most important for the nurse to explain?
High-calcium
High-magnesium
Low-potassium
Low-sodium
Question 16The nurse is aware that a balance between fluid intake and output is essential to maintain homeostasis. Excesses or deficits of intake can lead to severe disorders. In a healthy adult, which of the following regulate body fluids? Select all that apply.
Thirst Mechanism
Kidney function
Oxygen saturation
Integumentary function
Hormone levels
Question 17A client has been admitted to the nursing unit with a diagnosis of chronic renal failure. The client is scheduled for the first dialysis session in the morning. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions for the client? Select all that apply.
Place the client on strict intake and output (I&O) monitoring.
Encourage oral fluid intake, as desired.
Weigh the client before and after dialysis.
Maintain a total fluid restriction of 1,000 mL, as prescribed
Provide a dinner rich in magnesium and potassium.
Question 18Identify the mechanisms involved in acid–base balance. Select all that apply.
Respiratory mechanisms
Buffer systems
Renal mechanisms
Active transport mechanisms
Osmotic pressure systems
Question 19 Identify the appropriate interventions for a client with hypervolemia. Select all that apply.
Monitor electrolyte balance
Monitor Intake and Output (I & O)
Monitor daily weights
Encourage fluid intake.
Teach deep breathing techniques
Question 20The nurse is caring for a client who is normally healthy but is experiencing dehydration secondary to acute diarrhea and vomiting. What assessment findings would indicate a return to fluid homeostasis? Select all that apply.
Reduced aldosterone release
Urine output of 35 mL/hour
Formed stools
Elevated antidiuretic hormone levels
Reduced renin production
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