RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design Week 1 Discussion
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 1 Discussion
DQ1 Historically, “pure scientists” have viewed qualitative research as inferior to quantitative research. What is your opinion on this position? Explain your answer.
DQ2 How are the terms iterative, emergent, epistemology, ontology, and reflexivity used in qualitative research?
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 2 Discussion
DQ1 Describe the components of a phenomenological study and a case study.
What are the procedures and challenges the researcher faces when conducting these two types of studies?
How might you work to overcome those challenges?
DQ2 Imagine that a researcher has decided to conduct research regarding the 2016 murder of a student at Northern Illinois University. The researcher wants to explore how this shooting impacted students, faculty, and parents in light of a previous mass shooting on campus in 2012. What type of research design would be most appropriate? Why?
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 3 Discussion
DQ1 Discuss at least three different data collection methods used in qualitative research. When would they be appropriate?
What are the limitations inherent in those methods?
DQ2 What are the steps in the overall data collection process within qualitative research?
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 4 Discussion
DQ1In qualitative research, the researcher is considered the primary instrument. How would you separate yourself from the actual study?
DQ2How does a researcher find people and places to study?
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 5 Discussion
DQ1 Discuss the pros and cons of using online video chat programs to conduct interviews as opposed to in-person or telephone interviews.
DQ2 Discuss some ethical considerations that are inherent when doing qualitative research. How might these considerations be addressed?
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 6 Discussion
DQ1Discuss the issue of sample size in qualitative research. How might a qualitative researcher determine an appropriate sample size?
What influence does sample size have on transferability?
DQ2How might a researcher address issues of confidentiality in qualitative research?
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 7 Discussion
DQ1 Explain the concept of rigor within qualitative research. How is rigor established within qualitative research?
DQ2 How can the various software programs assist in data analysis?
Discuss at least two different software programs and their overall benefit to analysis.
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 8 Discussion
DQ1 Discuss the concept of researcher bias. What are some ways a researcher might address these issues?
DQ2 Why is having a research protocol and a research script important in qualitative research?
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 1 Assignment
Foundations of Qualitative Research Worksheet
Exercise 1
The purpose of this exercise is to examine how philosophical assumptions differ and are exemplified (implicitly or explicitly) based on the interpretive framework selected.
1. Read the four articles listed below, which are located in the Week 1 University Library Readings. Each qualitative journal article adopts a different interpretive lens.
Queer Theory Adams, J., Braun, V., &McCreanor, T. (2014). “Aren’t labels for pickle jars, not people?” Negotiating identity and community in talk about “being gay.” American Journal of Men’s Health, 8(6), 457–469. doi:0.1177/1557988313518800
Social Constructivist Brown, J., Sorrell, J. H., McClaren, J., & Creswell, J. W. (2006). Waiting for a liver transplant. Qualitative Health Research, 16(1), 119–136. doi:10.1177/1049732305284011
Postpositivist Churchill, S. L., Plano Clark, V. L., Prochaska-Cue, M. K., Creswell, J. W., &Onta-Grzebik, L. (2007). How rural low-income families have fun: A grounded theory study. Journal of Leisure Research, 39(2), 271–294.
Transformative Job, J., Poth, C., Pei, J., Carter-Pasula, B., Brandell, D., &MacNab, J. (2013). Toward better collaboration in the education of students with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Voices of teachers, administrators, caregivers, and allied professionals. Qualitative Research in Education, 2, 38–64. doi:10.4471/qre.2013.1
2. Complete the table below by providing detailed explanations and examples that demonstrate how the different philosophical assumptions are represented (implicitly or explicitly) in the selected journal articles.
Ontological
Assumptions Epistemological
Assumptions Axiological
Assumptions Methodological
Assumptions
Interpretive Frameworks Queer Theory
Adams et al. (2014)
Social Constructivism
Brown et al. (2006)
Postpositivism
Churchill et al. (2007)
Transformative
Job et al. (2013)
3. Discuss how the philosophical assumptions differed between the interpretive frameworks. Why is it important for researchers to understand the connection between philosophy and interpretive frameworks? Write your response in the space below.
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Exercise 2
The purpose of this exercise is to explore the link between the research purpose and research questions.
1. Identify a potential research topic for a qualitative study. Write your topic in the space below.
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2. Complete the table below by writing 1 or 2 research questions for an exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory study related to your selected topic. Include a justification that explains how your research question(s) align with and/or support the research purpose.
Research Question(s) Justification
Research Purpose Exploratory
Descriptive
Explanatory
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 2 Assignment
Research Design Worksheet
Exercise 1
The various qualitative research designs are each used for a different purpose. As consumers and producers of research, it is important that you know how to differentiate between designs in order to select (and assess) the design that is most appropriate for the study.
1. Select three qualitative research designs. Some examples include narrative, phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, and case study.
2. Research each of your selected designs, focusing on the design approach features outlined in the table below.
3. Complete the table below by providing detailed information—informed by peer reviewed literature—for each selected research design and its associated design approach features.
4. Include in-text citations and a separate list of references that align with APA standards.
Qualitative Research Designs
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Design Approach Features Type of questions the design would answer
Type of problems the design would address
Sample size and selection
Type of data collected
How data are collected
How data are analyzed
How results are presented
Exercise 2
1. Locatepeer reviewed journal articles that use each of the qualitative research designs you selected for Exercise 1 (one article for each design type).
2. Analyze each article, focusing on the design approach features outlined in the table below.
3. Complete the table below by explaining how each design approach feature is represented in the article.
Qualitative Research Designs
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APA citation
Design Approach Features Research question(s)
Research problem
Sample size and selection
Type of data collected
Data collection procedure(s)
Data analysis procedure(s)
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 3 Assignment
Analysis Exercise
Complete Parts 1 and 2 below.
This assignment does not involve any software. This is to be done manually using the coding schemes within your textbook in Ch. 15.
Part 1:
Download the “Sarah: Diabetes Interview” transcript from the Saldaña and Omasta (2018) SAGE Student Resources webpage.
Read the transcript beginning with the question, “Going back to how you learned about diabetes, what sources did you learn about the condition from? Where did you learn about diabetes once you were diagnosed?” on p. 3. Read the section a second time. This time, look for specific words that are repeated or stand out. List the specific words you identified. When you think about coding, you are looking for overall themes. What specific words provide meaning of the transcript? Not all words—specific ones.
Condense the transcript beginning with the question, “Going back to how you learned about diabetes, what sources did you learn about the condition from? Where did you learn about diabetes once you were diagnosed?” on p. 3 and continuing through the end. Your goal is to condense the interview from 1,501 words to about 500 words. This should be a summary of the transcript, not just repeating the same words, condensing to 500 words.
Part 2:
Download one of the transcripts from the Saldaña and Omasta (2018) SAGE Student Resources webpage.
Choose a section of about 300 words from the interview transcript you selected.
Consider which two of the following four coding methods (In Vivo, Process, Values, or Emotion Coding) would be most appropriate for analyzing the text.
Code the text using each method you selected. Note: You must code the selected section of text twice—once for each method you choose.
Compare the results and prepare a 150- to 300-word summary discussing how the different coding methods employed helped reinforce each other or provided divergent analytic insights.
Provide the actual text you are coding and how you coded it.
Submit your assignment.
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 4 Assignment
Mock Study Development Worksheet
Part I: Research Topic and Problem
1. Identify a research topic related to your degree program that would be best approached from a qualitative perspective.
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2. Identify a research problem related to your research topic.
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3. Explain why your selected topic and problem would be best approached from a qualitative perspective.
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4. Explain how your selected topic and problem relate to your degree program.
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5. Provide a brief summary about what you currently know about your selected topic and problem and why they interestyou.
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Part II: Exploration
1. Locate a minimum of three peer-reviewed, empirical journal articles (published within the last five years)that relate to your selected research topic and/or problem.Analyze each article using the criteria outlined in the table below and report your findings within the table.
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Ex: Smith & Jones (2011)
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Ex: Smith & Jones (2011)
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Ex: Smith & Jones (2011)
APA citation
Research problem
Research question(s)
Research design
Sample size and selection
Type of data collected
Data collection procedure(s)
Data analysis procedure(s)
Findings/Conclusions
How does this article substantiate your research topic or problem?
Part III: Formulating a Research Question and Design
1. Propose a research question for a mock study related to your topic and problem that is appropriate for each research purpose listed in the table below. Explain how your research questions align with and/or support the research purpose.
Research Question(s) Explanation
Exploratory
Descriptive
Explanatory
2. Consider your research topic and problem in relation to the research questions you proposedand the literature you reviewed in Part II. Provide a response to the question: “What do I want to know about this topic and problem”?
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In later weeks, you will be required to gather data from interviews and observations to inform your mock study. Qualitative research traditionally employs a single data collection method; however, you areexpected to use two methods (i.e., interviews and observations), which will require you to formulate a separate research question and design that can be supported using each data collection method.Thepurpose of this is to demonstrate your ability to engage in the practice of qualitative research on a specific topic/problem, using multiple approaches. As consumers and producers of research, you must possessa general understanding of the various research approaches and procedures.
3. Propose a research question and design for a mock study that will collect data using interviews to help you discover the knowledge you seek.Explain why your research question and design are appropriate for your study.
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4. Propose a research question and design for a mock study that will collect data using observations to help you discover the knowledge you seek. Explain why your research question and design are appropriate for your study.
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5. Explain how your mock study will contribute new knowledge to your discipline (i.e., what is the current gap? and how will your research help to fill that gap?).
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Part IV: Planning
1. Begin planning your qualitative mock study byexplaining your approach for each item outlined in the table below. Be sure to explain how your approach will change based on the data collection method used.
Approach and Rationale
Population, Sample Size, and Selection
Consider data saturation and factors that impact saturation. Some designs require a larger sample and others could have a sample size of just one.
Type of Data to Collect
Examples include perceptions of people regarding a phenomenon, narrative stories of people’s experiences, artifacts, andwritten material.
How Data Will Be Collected
Examples include interviews, focus groups, and written accounts.
How Data Will Be Analyzed
Examples include words, themes, content, and use of software programs.
How Results Will Be Presented
Examples include use of participant’s words, percentage and number of participants who expressed a theme, and major themes or outliers.
Ethical Considerations
Examples include confidentiality, deception, disclosure, and moral integrity.
2. In the space below, develop an interview guide that includes a series of questions related to your mock study and within your area of expertise. Your interview guide must include an introductory statement about the purpose of the interview and 10 to 12 questions to facilitate data-gathering and inform your mock study. Refer to the sample questions below as you develop your interview guide.
• How would you describe…?
• At what point do you remember learning about…?
• You just mentioned something about… Can you tell me more about that?
• In your experience, how much…?
• What are some different way in which you approach…?
• In the time that you have…, how has this affected your…?
• What do you imagine your life would be like after…?
• Is there anything you wished you had known before…?
• Is there anything else you would like to tell me?
Introductory Statement
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Interview Questions
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3. In Week 6, you will conduct two observations of the actions, events, interactions, or relevant factors related to the central phenomenon in your mock study. Discuss your observation plan for each setting by responding to the prompts below.
Observation 1
a. Describe the observation setting. Example: I will be observing a 10th grade Algebra class at Superior High School.
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b. Who will you contact to obtain permission to conduct your observation?
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c. When will you conduct this observation (i.e., date and time)?
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d. What factors (if any) could interfere with your ability to complete this observation? Why? What steps can you take to mitigate these factors?
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e. What questions or concerns do you have about conducting your observation?
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Observation 2
a. Describe the observation setting. Example: I will be observing a 10th grade Algebra class at Superior High School.
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b. Who will you contact to obtain permission to conduct your observation?
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c. When will you conduct this observation (i.e., date and time)?
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d. What factors (if any) could interfere with your ability to complete this observation? Why? What steps can you take to mitigate these factors?
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e. What questions or concerns do you have about conducting your observation?
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RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 6 Assignment
Applied Practice: Observation
Conduct two, 60-minute observations of the actions, events, interactions, or relevant factors related to the central phenomenon in your mock study.
Document your observations using the Observation Guide.
Observation Guide
Observation 1
Find a convenient place to sit where you are unobtrusive and can see all the activity. For the first 15 minutes of the observation, silently observe the activity. For the remaining 45 minutes of the observation document the following:
Day and Date
Specific Location
Start Time
Stop Time
Observation Setting
1. Notate the characteristics (demographics) of the individuals in your observation setting. Examples: # of men and women, age ranges, ethnicities, other.
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2. Provide a detailed description of the setting. Highlight areas such as space, organization of the space, temperature, furnishings, sensory experiences, odors, colors, and so forth. Include a picture (if possible) or diagram of the setting.
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Field Notes
Use the area below to record the actions, interactions, or relevant factors that take place during the observation period as well as your personal comments.
Notethe following guidelines for this section:
• Record your observations and comments as jottings (i.e., brief notes written in shorthand). As a reminder, you will transcribe your field notes into a full written narrative as part of your write up.
• Document any relevant or noteworthy quotes.
• Notate the time of the activities that take place during the observation period. For example:
o 9:00 am – Introduction of participants
o 9:08 am – Agenda read
o 9:10 am – Additions to the agenda were approved
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Write Up and Reflection
1. Prepare a 350-to 500-word write-up of your field notes from Observation 1 by expanding your jottings into a detailed narrative passage.
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2. Provide a substantive reflective response to each of the following questions:
a. How would you characterize the interaction dynamics between individuals?
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b. How would you do an observation differently if you were going to use this method?
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c. How is this approach helpful within qualitative research?
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Observation 2
Find a convenient place to sit where you are unobtrusive and can see all the activity. For the first 15 minutes of the observation, silently observe the activity. For the remaining 45 minutes of the observation document the following:
Day and Date
Specific Location
Start Time
Stop Time
Observation Setting
1. Notate the characteristics (demographics) of the individuals in your observation setting. Examples: # of men and women, age ranges, ethnicities, other.
Click or tap here to enter text.
2. Provide a detailed description of the setting. Highlight areas such as space, organization of the space, temperature, furnishings, sensory experiences, odors, colors, and so forth. Include a picture (if possible) or diagram of the setting.
Click or tap here to enter text.
Observation Actions
Use the area below to record the actions, interactions, or relevant factors that take place during the observation period as well as your personal comments.
Note the following guidelines for this section:
• Record your observations and comments as jottings (i.e., brief notes written in shorthand). As a reminder, you will transcribe your field notes into a full written narrative as part of your write up.
• Document any relevant or noteworthy quotes.
• Notate the time of the activities that take place during the observation period. For example:
o 9:00 am – Introduction of participants
o 9:08 am – Agenda read
o 9:10 am – Additions to the agenda were approved
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Write Up and Reflection
1. Prepare a 350-to 500-word write-up of your field notes from Observation 2 by expanding your jottings into a detailed narrative passage.
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2. Provide a substantive reflective response to each of the following questions:
a. How would you characterize the interaction dynamics between individuals?
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b. How would you do an observation differently if you were going to use this method?
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c. How is this approach helpful within qualitative research?
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RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 7 Assignment
Applied Practice Interviewing
You do not need IRB approval for a class activity.
Interview two participants (in-person) who have an understanding of the content of your research topic/problem. Refer to the interview requirements below:
Explain the purpose of the interview to the participants by using the appropriate introduction.
Each interview must be audio recorded and timed.
Transcribe your interviews (word-for-word). Within the transcriptions, highlight any areas you think might be thematic or represent emerging patterns.
Write a 350- to 500-word reflection about what you learned, what challenges you had, and how you felt about the data you were able to obtain.
RES724 Qualitative Methods And Design
Week 8 Assignment
Analysis and Interpretation Worksheet
Part I: Analysis and Interpretation
Interview Data:
1. Select an appropriate analytic procedure to code your interview data.
2. Code your data using a qualitative data analysis program or by hand in a separate document. This process must identify:(1) codes and themes, (2) sub-codes, (3) categories, and (4) subcategories.
a. Discuss your approach to coding the interview data. What procedure(s) did you select? Justify your response.
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3. Examine the results of your analytic procedure(s).
a. Identify 2 or 3 initial assertions based on your interpretation of the interview data. Discuss how you arrived at each assertion.
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b. Synthesize your initial assertions into a key assertion about the central phenomenon in your mock study.
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Observation Data:
1. Review the Observation Guide you completed in Week 6, paying attention to your field notes and detailed narrative passages.
2. Copose 2 or 3 analytic memos triggered by your field notes.
a. Memo 1:
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b. Memo 2:
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c. Memo 3:
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3. Compose a meta-memo that synthesizes the primary elements from your analytic memos into a new whole.
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4. Examine the results of your analytic procedure(s).
a. Identify 2 or 3 initial assertions based on your interpretation of the observation data. Discuss how you arrived at each assertion.
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b. Synthesize your initial assertions into a key assertion about the central phenomenon in your mock study.
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Part II: Reflection
Write a 700- to 1,050-word reflective essay about your experience applying qualitative research methods and the knowledge you have gained from this course. Include your essay in the space below.
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