The way Williams discusses this is when he talks about having old information come first and new information come second.

1. A clear thesis–this should be an obvious *I Say* that is situated in response to what others have said. Another way teachers sometimes put this is the *known/new* contract. The way Williams discusses this is when he talks about having old information come first and new information come second. That means that you provide context by showing what we already know about your topic/question, and then  you move the dial forward by adding something new. 

2. Logical development of ideas with sign posting (alerting the reader where you are going using specific transitions). 

3. Appropriate use of evidence for your claims: only quote your sources when you have to have the words, otherwise summarize or paraphrase when you want to say the same thing someone else has said or just need the idea (but in both cases be sure to credit your sources with citations according to MLA citation practice).