Complete literature review section: Topic is catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention

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Using Evidence-Based Practices for CAUTI Prevention

Deniro Ellis

Aspen University

HUM410 – Academic Success: Strengthening Scholarly Writing

Dr. Sharon Radcliffe, DNP, MBA, MSN, BSc, CPPS, CENP, Dip. H.E., ENB

August 22, 2022

Abstract

Using Evidence-Based Practices for CAUTI Prevention

A prominent source of morbidity and death in the United States is healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Infections in the urinary tract (UTI) account for 36% of all HAIs. It is estimated that each HAI infection costs between $750 and $1,000 and that the yearly cost in the United States is between $340 and $450 million. As a patient safety problem, catheter-acquired urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) were added to the "never occurrences" list by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2008. Clostridium difficile infection may be exacerbated by the continuing use of antibiotics to treat UTIs that do not present any symptoms. In 2007, an estimated 13,000 people died in the US due to UTIs, with a mortality rate of 2.3%. When a CAUTI patient develops a secondary bloodstream infection, the death rate rises to around 10%. (Abubakar, Boehnke, Burnett, & Smith, 2021). The healthcare sector spends a projected $340-450 million each year due to the lack of reimbursement for CAUTIs. Cost of diagnosis, length of stay, and loss of payments from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services add up to significant overhead in the healthcare business (Hollenbeak, & Schilling, 2018). A reduction in CAUTI rates was seen by improving the knowledge of the illness among nurses and physicians. A further benefit of CAUTI research is that it can reveal the strengths and shortcomings of evidence-based practice (EBP) guidelines in the healthcare business. EBP guidelines may improve patient safety and outcomes by focusing on their strengths. Evidence-based practice guidelines may improve patient safety and outcomes in CAUTI prevention using education and appropriate interventions. 

Literature Review

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Abubakar, S., Boehnke, J. R., Burnett, E., & Smith, K. (2021). Examining instruments used to measure knowledge of catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention in health care workers: A systematic review. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(2), 255-264.

Backman, C., Wooller, K. R., Delvina Hasimja‐Saraqini, Melissa, D. V., Crick, M., Danielle Cho‐Young,

Freeman, L., Delaney, L., & Squires, J. E. (2022). Intervention to reduce unnecessary urinary catheter use in a large academic health science centre: A one‐group, pretest, posttest study with a theory‐based process evaluation. Nursing Open, 9(2), 1432-1444. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.920

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, October 16). Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved August 22, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/hai/ca_uti/uti.html 

Healthcare-associated infection prevention. Iowa Department of Public Health – Protecting and Improving the Health of Iowans. (2022). Retrieved August 22, 2022, from https://idph.iowa.gov/hai-prevention/information/cauti 

Hollenbeak, C. S., & Schilling, A. L. (2018). The attributable cost of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in the United States: A systematic review. American journal of infection control, 46(7), 751-757.

Juanjuan, D., Zhao, T., Dong, Y., Wang, L., Xu, P., & Xu, H. (2021). Analysis of Etiology and Risk Factors of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Critically Ill Patients and Research on Corresponding Prevention and Nursing Measures. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2021https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8436344

Annotated Bibliography

Abubakar, S., Boehnke, J. R., Burnett, E., & Smith, K. (2021). Examining instruments used to measure knowledge of catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention in health care workers: A systematic review. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(2), 255-264.

In this article, Abubakar and associates (2021) conduct an extensive search of multiple databases to find randomized controlled trials that discuss the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI’s). The authors are specifically looking for information that would determine where the gaps in healthcare knowledge exist regarding CAUTI prevention. The results of the study show a plethora of information regarding CAUTI prevention, but there is not a statistically significant amount of information regarding the knowledge gap in healthcare workers.

Backman, C., Wooller, K. R., Delvina Hasimja‐Saraqini, Melissa, D. V., Crick, M., Danielle Cho‐Young,

Freeman, L., Delaney, L., & Squires, J. E. (2022). Intervention to reduce unnecessary urinary catheter use in a large academic health science centre: A one‐group, pretest, posttest study with a theory‐based process evaluation. Nursing Open, 9(2), 1432-1444. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.920

This article describes a research study on a CAUTI prevention intervention implemented in a large healthcare institution in Canada. The intervention used the pre and posttest method to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. Unfortunately, the researchers did not find a statistically significant difference in CAUTI prevalence following the study.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, October 16). Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved August 22, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/hai/ca_uti/uti.html 

The CDC is always a great starting point when researching medical information, so it was important to include such a source. This site is very detailed and explains what a CAUTI is, how they happen, and how they can be prevented. The information on this site is useful for both medical professionals and the public.

Healthcare-associated infection prevention. Iowa Department of Public Health – Protecting and Improving the Health of Iowans. (2022). Retrieved August 22, 2022, from https://idph.iowa.gov/hai-prevention/information/cauti 

The Iowa Department of Public Health authored this website that includes a great deal of information on preventing many hospital-acquired infections, including CAUTI’s. Readers can also find links to additional references and information on this topic. This site also helps the general public understand what a CAUTI is.

Hollenbeak, C. S., & Schilling, A. L. (2018). The attributable cost of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in the United States: A systematic review. American journal of infection control, 46(7), 751-757.

This research article describes a study in which the authors searched the PubMed database for articles published between 2000 and 2017 that met their inclusion criteria. The goal of the study was to determine the overall costs associated with preventable CAUTI infections. The study determined that CAUTI’s costs hospitals anywhere from $900 to well over $10,000 for each patient.

Juanjuan, D., Zhao, T., Dong, Y., Wang, L., Xu, P., & Xu, H. (2021). Analysis of Etiology and Risk Factors of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Critically Ill Patients and Research on Corresponding Prevention and Nursing Measures. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2021https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8436344

In this article researchers investigated the prevalence of CAUTI in the US and foreign countries with the goal of determining risk factors. Additionally, research looked for evidence-based prevention factors for critically ill patients. This article was easy to read and full of great information that is directly related to this topic.

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