The literature review serves an important purpose in any applied project.
- The literature review serves an important purpose in any applied project. The literature review should support the need for the project/study and support the intervention or practice change, convincing readers that the content area has been reviewed in-depth, demonstrating that there is a clinically-based research problem to be addressed, and/or a gap in knowledge that needs to be closed, as well as a supported intervention. The goal of evidence-based practice is to translate strong evidence for a practice change into practice.
A literature review includes current and classic references, cites experts in the field, and synthesizes relevant literature while identifying the strengths and weaknesses of previous studies and sources of evidence.
The DNP Applied Project should be based on strong evidence to support of the problem. Evidence that are used most often to support the significance of the problem include descriptive quantitative and qualitative studies, correlational and predictive studies, and epidemiological studies. In writing a problem statement, you need information about the prevalence and incidence of the issue, the factors associated with the problem, the outcomes that are currently occurring, the cost of care, and the effect on the healthcare system. The goal is to demonstrate that the problem is significant.
Strong evidence is also need to support the intervention you are proposing to implement. The strongest evidence that demonstrate that an intervention is effective (cause and effect relationship) are systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies, individual experimental studies, systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis of quasi-experimental studies, individual quasi-experimental studies, and non-experimental studies like cohort and predictive studies. Qualitative studies that examine the experience of individuals with a change in practice are important to help you design practices that create a positive patient experience. Mixed-method research studies about an intervention can provide a holistic view of the practice change that may test the intervention in the quantitative part of the study and explore participant perceptions in the qualitative strand.
Some types of non-research evidence can also support a practice change, specifically national or clinical guidelines, consensus statements, and quality improvement studies. However, non-research evidence is lower level of evidence and you want to present the strongest evidence first when demonstrating that the intervention is ready for translating into practice.
Compile a list of 20 to 25 peer-reviewed journal articles or other scholarly sources related to your DNP Applied Project using the Literature Review Outline Matrix.
Primarily include the strongest evidence to support the problem and the intervention.- Do not include secondary sources in the matrix (e.g., don’t include magazine articles or textbooks).
- Textbooks are generally not primary sources and you always want to go to the original source of the evidence to ensure interpretation of the findings are accurate and well understood.
- Include at least 3 research studies that utilize a theoretical or conceptual framework.
You may include articles you reviewed in previous courses.
For the evidence: - For research studies, identify the research methodology (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method) and write the methodology in the column in the matrix for methodology.
- For systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis put systematic review in the section about methodology.
- For non-research evidence put in the methodology section whether it is a national guideline, consensus statement, or quality improvement study.
- For individual research studies Identify the design of the study (experimental, quasi-experimental, cohort, correlational, qualitative, mixed methods) and put the information under the design column.
- For non-research evidence, under the design column repeat whether it is a quality improvement study, national guideline, or consensus statement
- Identify the theoretical or conceptual framework, if used in the evidence.
- Describe the sample, including the number of participants. For systematic reviews and national guidelines, the sample is the number of the studies included in developing the review or guidelines. Some systematic reviews with meta-analysis will identify the total population when the samples for all of the studies are combined together for analysis. Consensus statements identify the number of disciplines or participants in creating the consensus statements.
- Briefly summarize the article , including the findings. Focus on the main findings that will address your PICOT question.
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