Computer hacking ?Computer hacking is an issue affecting corporations and individuals in this age of technology. Computer hacking is identifying weaknesses in a computer, computer

1. 5 pages (double-spaced), excluding the title page, the abstract page (if included), and the references pages.
2. Use at least five references

computer hacking: topic

Below is the outline::::

 Computer hacking

Temeika Williams American Military University Professor Lewis ISSC456

July 30, 2022

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 Computer hacking is an issue affecting corporations and individuals in this age of technology. Computer hacking is identifying weaknesses in a computer, computer applications, or even network, exploiting the security to gain unauthorized access to personal information or business data. There are different types of computer hacking; some are complex, while others are simple. For instance, they are using cracking algorithms for passwords to gain computer access. Businesses and organizations depend on computers to run smoothly. For more efficiency, computers need to be networked for organizational communication instead of isolated. Due to the connection of these computers, they are exposed to outside attacks and hacking. System hacking is used to commit fraudulent acts by using the computer. These fraudulent acts include invasion of privacy, fraud, and stealing personal and corporate data. Computer hacking is termed illegal. However, it is not unlawful when licensed and done within the law. This is because computer hacking has negative impacts, especially when done illegally. After all, it costs the organizations when data is stolen. Privacy is a fundamental human right; when computer hacking happens, and personal information is stolen, it deprives that person of the right to privacy. There are several topics in computer hacking, including the types of hacking, ethical hacking, and the legality of ethical hacking, among others. These topics and subtopics help us understand computer hacking better and how it impacts life. Some of the impacts of computer hacking on the organization is the loss of competitive secrets used by the business. When computer hacking happens, the company is likely to lose data. This data includes many things, such as th secrets used by the industry to remain unique in the market. These can consist of formulas of a company or its ingredients or chemical combinations depending on the products.

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 There is ethical hacking. It is legal because it is meant for the good of the company y or the individual. This is where the weakness of the computer is exploited so that it can be fixed. The weaknesses are identified through hacking the computer. This enables the specialist to develop countermeasures that help improve the weaknesses. There are rules followed when ethical hacking is done. One must get written p; permission from the computer system or network owner before hacking is done. This helps ensure one's privacy is not invaded when hacking is done without consent. If an organization is being hacked, its confidentiality must be protected. The ethical hacker must protect the company's privacy to ensure it does not cost the organization. There is also a rule on transparently reporting all identified weaknesses in the organization. The ethical hacker must report all the weaknesses after they have identified them. It is also compulsory to inform software and hardware vendors about the identified weaknesses. Ethical hacking is essential because it is essential to store information safely. This is because data is critical in any organization. Organizations use the information to make decisions and create strategies.

Therefore, organizations aim to ensure security by exposing the computer's weaknesses so they can be fixed. When fake hacking happens, organizations that deal in finance can lose money; therefore, ethical hacking ensures these organizations are a step ahead. The ethical hacker must abide by all the rules for the hacking to be moral. Some people hack into systems without authorization to identify weaknesses and expose these weaknesses to the organization. Although this hacker might not have malice or ill intent, this hacking is illegal. It leaves the organization unsure of the amount of data that was exposed. Also, the person hacking has already violated the privacy of the individual or the corporation.

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 Annotated bibliography

Holt, T. J. (2020). Computer hacking and the hacker subculture. The palgrave handbook of international cybercrime and cyber deviance, 725-742.

This article discusses computer hacking and the hacker subculture. There are different ways that people with interest in hacking view themselves in the larger society. Computer hacking is identifying weaknesses in a computer, computer applications, or even network, exploiting the security to gain unauthorized access to personal information or business data. There are different types of computer hacking; some are complex, while others are simple. For instance, they are using cracking algorithms for passwords to gain computer access. Businesses and organizations depend on computers to run smoothly. For more efficiency, computers need to be networked for organizational communication instead of isolated. Due to the connection of these computers, they are exposed to outside attacks and hacking. System hacking is used to commit fraudulent acts by using the computer. These fraudulent acts include invasion of privacy, fraud, and stealing personal and corporate data. Computer hacking is termed illegal. There are different ways hackers view themselves. Some do not agree with unethical hacking, while others believe that if a system can be hacked, it has weaknesses, which is the organization's fault.

Kumar, S., & Agarwal, D. (2018). Hacking attacks, methods, techniques, and their protection measures. Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Sci. Manag, 4(4), 2353-2358.

This article discusses the attacks, methods, and techniques used to protect computers from attacks. Computer hacking is identifying weaknesses in a computer, computer applications, or even network, exploiting the security to gain unauthorized access to personal information or

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 business data. There are different types of computer hacking; some are complex, while others are simple. For instance, they are using cracking algorithms for passwords to gain computer access. Businesses and organizations depend on computers to run smoothly. For more efficiency, computers need to be networked for organizational communication instead of isolated. Due to the connection of these computers, they are exposed to outside attacks and hacking. System hacking is used to commit fraudulent acts by using the computer. These fraudulent acts include invasion of privacy, fraud, and stealing personal and corporate data. Computer hacking is termed illegal. There are different ways hackers view themselves. The types of attacks discussed in this article include nontechnical assaults, network-foundation assaults, and operating framework assaults.

The group of hackers includes the black hats. These are the ones who hack to steal data and other malicious intents. The gray hats hack without authorization but identify weaknesses and expose them to the organization. The backdoors gain access without much knowledge by using the existing tools. Hackers use tools such as trojan horse, which are software that looks good, but in a real sense, they are made to give access to attacks. The virus is a program that self- repeats and creates duplicates. There are worms, vulnerability scanners, exploit, sniffer, social engineering, and rootkit. The types of hacking are also discussed in this article, including rogue access points, inside jobs, anarchists, crackers, and kiddies, and sniffing and spoofing.

Gutierrez, F. J., Simmonds, J., Casanova, C., Sotomayor, C., & Hitschfeld, N. (2018, February). Coding or hacking? Exploring inaccurate views on computing and computer

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 scientists among K-6 learners in Chile. In Proceedings of the 49th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (pp. 993-998).

This article discusses computers and all its framework. It begins by explaining how essential it is to adopt computational thinking early in a child's development. It also describes the advantages of ensuring computers are introduced early in a child's development. The weaknesses of a computer are also explained as what can e did to ensure security. Computer hacking is then discussed. The areas discussed include computer hacking and ethical hacking. There is ethical hacking. It is legal because it is meant for the good of the company y or the individual. This is where the weakness of th computer is exploited so that it can be fixed. The weaknesses are identified through hacking the computer. This enables the specialist to develop countermeasures that help improve the weaknesses. There are rules followed when ethical hacking is done. One must get written p; permission from the computer system or network owner before hacking is done. This helps ensure one's privacy is not invaded when hacking is done without consent. If an organization is being hacked, its confidentiality must be protected. The ethical hacker must protect the company's confidentiality to ensure it does not cost the organization. There is also a rule on transparently reporting all identified weaknesses in the organization. The ethical hacker must say all the flaws after they have identified them. It is also compulsory to inform software and hardware vendors about the identified weaknesses. Ethical hacking is essential because it is essential to store information safely. This is because the data is necessary for any organization. Organizations use the information to make decisions and create strategies.

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 Kennedy, J., Holt, T., & Cheng, B. (2019). Automotive cybersecurity: Assessing a new platform for cybercrime and malicious hacking. Journal of Crime and Justice, 42(5), 632-645.

This article touches on different topics; cybercrime is one of these topics. In this topic, computer hacking is discussed in detail. The topics include the rapid use of computers, and this is because there is n increase of very many things being linked to computers. There is also an increase in the internet and connectivity. The attacks that are likely to be experienced on the computer are discussed. The types of attacks discussed in this article include nontechnical assaults, network foundation assaults, and operating framework assaults. The group of hackers consists of black hats. These are the ones who hack to steal data and other malicious intents. The gray hats hack without authorization but identify weaknesses and expose them to the organization. The backdoors gain access without much knowledge by using the existing tools. Hackers use tools such as trojan horse, which are software that looks good, but in a real sense, they are made to give access to attacks. The virus is a program that self-repeats and creates duplicates. There are worms, vulnerabilities, exploits, sniffers, social engineering, and rootkit. The types of hacking are also discussed in this article, including rogue access points, inside jobs, anarchists, crackers, and kiddies, and sniffing and spoofing.

Holt, T. J., Navarro, J. N., & Clevenger, S. (2020). Exploring the moderating role of gender in juvenile hacking behaviors. Crime & Delinquency, 66(11), 1533-1555.

This article mainly discusses the role of gender in juvenile hacking behaviors. This article uses gender as a moderating factor and analyses juvenile hacking behaviors. This article helps to

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 realize the cases of young people who are hackers and why they have those behaviors. The differences between rural and urban areas are also studied. This is to establish the number of cases in rural and urban areas of juvenile hackers.

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