What were some of the societal changes that influenced sociology?

Need help with two of my sociology test of the week

Full Study guide and lecture notes provided

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Study Guide

Introduction to Sociology and Theories:

What is:

• antipositivism
• macro-level vs. micro-level
• positivism
• Sociology
• Social institution
• Social structure
• Social solidarity
• Sociological Imagination
• Personal troubles vs. public issues
• Anomie
• Bourgeoisie
• Petti Bourgeoisie
• Proletariat
• Capitalism
• Chicago School of Thought

How do Sociologists view society?

• What is the historical background of the creation of sociology as a discipline?
• What were some of the societal changes that influenced sociology?
  • Influence of Enlightenment?

Theoretical Frameworks in Sociology:

1. Functionalism/Structural Functionalism Theory
2. Conflict Theory
3. Symbolic Interaction Theory
4. Feminist Theory

• What are the criticisms of these theories?
• What theories have a macro-level of analysis? micro-level of analysis?

• Sociology in the United States: Who are some of the early U.S. sociologists and what is one of they major differences between early European sociologists?

• What were some of the experiences of early women thinkers and sociologists compared to men?
• You must be able to apply the sociological theories to understand/explain social events.

What did Durkheim find in this study of suicide?

KEY PEOPLE

Jane Addams

Auguste Comte

W. E. B. DuBois

Emile Durkheim

Karl Marx

C. Wright Mills

Robert Park

Max Weber

Ida B. Wells-Barnett

HARRIET MARTINEAU

Sociological Research: MODULE 4 & Chapter 2 in textbook

What are the different types of research methods used in sociology?

Examples of topics or studies done by sociologists

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

What can you learn from low-wage workers when you conduct a qualitative study vs a quantitative study?

What did Barbara Ehrenreich find regarding low-wage workers in her study, Nickel and Dimed? What method did she employ to study low-wage workers?

What is the scientific method?

What are some of the ethical concerns in doing research?

What is “going native”?

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Examples of studies that raised ethical concerns and lead to the creation of the Code of Ethics Associations.

• Stanford Prison Experiment by Dr. Zimbardo
• Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
• Milgram’s Obedience Experiment
• Tearoom Trade by Laud Humphreys

What is sociologist Victor Rios’ research about? Why was he cautioned about “going native”?

Culture: MODULE 5 & Chapter 3 in textbook

What is:

• Culture
• Cultural universals
• Cultural imperialism
• Material culture
• Nonmaterial culture
• Ethnocentrism
• Xenocentrism
• Ethnomethodology
• Cultural Relativism
• Culture Shock
• Dominant Culture
• High Culture
• Subcultures
• Countercultures

The Elements of Culture:

1. Language
2. Norms
3. Folkways
4. Mores
5. Beliefs
6. Values

Theoretical Perspectives on Culture

1. Functionalism
2. Conflict Theory
3. Symbolic Interaction
4. Feminist Theory

• You should understand how each theoretical perspective interprets culture..

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What is?

achieved status

ascribed status

master status

status

status inconsistency

role

role conflict

role set

role strain

role performance

dramaturgy

mechanical and organic solidarity

social interaction

social structure

Thomas Theorem

*What is the relationship between social interaction, social structure, and social status?

What are examples of ascribed and achieved statuses? What statuses can be both (achieved and ascribed)?

What are some of the benefits of having a perceived higher status in society?

How does the macro affect the micro? Or, how do social structures shape individual experience?

How do statuses and roles shape people’s everyday experiences and social interactions?

What are the different types of societies? What are their differences?

1. Preindustrial Societies
2. Industrial Societies
3. Postindustrial Societies

What are the main drivers that organize industrialized and post-industrialized societies?

How do people present themselves and perceive themselves in a social context:

• What is Erving Goffman’s approach to understand the presentation of self in everyday life?
  • Theory of dramaturgy

Theories:

• How do each of the theories and their corresponding theorists (structural functionalist theory, conflict theory, and symbolic interaction theory) view society and social interaction?

Module 7: SOCIALIZATION/Chapter 5 in Textbook

 

What is:

socialization

resocialization

brainwashing

conversion

socialization agents

imitation stage, play stage, game stage, and generalized other

hidden curriculum

roles

Stockholm Syndrome

Primary socialization and Continuing socialization

 

How does the socialization process take place? What are the consequences of socialization (or lack of) on individuals and society? Why does socialization matter?

How does the socialization process lead to the people’s understanding of their roles and statuses and identity?

What is gender socialization? How does gender socialization takes place and what are the consequences of this?

How does the socialization processes or experiences differ by different social categories, such as gender, class, race and other cultures?

What is the connection between socialization, social control, conformity and individuality?

What are “agents of socialization”? Examples of agents of socialization?

What is the nature vs. nurture debate? How is this related to socialization?

Development of the Self:

• How does psychology and sociology view the development of self?

What does Genie Wildey’s story contribute to our understanding of socialization?

Patricia Hearst: What does her story contribute to our understanding of resocialization, brainwashing, and/or Stockholm syndrome?

Theories of Socialization (How does each of these theories view socialization?)

1. Functionalism
2. Conflict Theory
3. Symbolic Interaction Theory

Module 8: Deviance and Crime/CHAPTER 7 in textbook

 

What is:

Deviance

Formal deviance

Informal deviance

Medicalization of deviance

Examples of informal deviance, formal deviance, and medicalization of deviance?

How do sociologists view deviance? How do we know “deviance” is socially constructed?

Sociological theories of deviance:

• Conflict theory
• Symbolic Interaction Theory
  • Differential Association Theory
  • Labeling Theory
  • Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
  • Social Control Theory
• Functionalism
  • Structural Strain Theory
  • Social Disorganization Theory
  • Cultural Deviance Theory

What are different types of crime discussed in lecture and textbook/chapter?

How is race, class and gender related to crime and punishment?

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