What about the human body makes it error-full?
The website we will be using is Pivot. The website is listed here: https://www.pivotinteractives.com/ (Links to an external site.)
Lab 7, Intro Description:
This lab will be a test of Torque and how we calculate it. Recall, torque is made of a force and distance, and the sine of an angle between those two quantities. The angle can be found/interpreted in a few different ways, but the easiest is to memorize that it is the angle between the r and F values. The lab will give you a few scenarios and ask about the total torque being created. A rotational arm is shown with a few tools that can be used to measure torque such as a ruler to measure the distance and the mass of each weight being hung to find the force. In some videos, a protractor is given to measure the angle.
The first video simulation will have you measure the torque using a ruler and protractor. Hint: This angle should be an easy one just by looking at the video of the mass hanging. You can use a protractor to confirm it! Make sure to measure the distance that the arm can rotate – where does this metal rod actually rotate? (Notice the dot?)
The next video simulation will also have you measure torque, but this time with a different angle – one that is not so obvious here. You will have a few tools at your disposal and can apply those to the video. Notice the weight values may have changed since the first video. You can use other trials for practice, but this second video will only ask questions about trial 1.
The last video simulation will be the hardest because you are not given a protractor to measure the angle. The first question here asks how to find the angle from the tools given. The hint says you can consider the same r value from the first video that you measured. Make sure you have loaded trial 4 during this part of the lab. You may have already deduced that the value on the rod measures the torque, but the goal of the last question is to find the percent error of your calculation compared to actual value read from the reading on the torque arm. If you just read the value and said that was your answer, you will get a zero for this question and the previous because that would mean you didn’t calculate anything.
Hint: The usual value for error is very low, under 5% in most cases. If you have a large error, something in your calculations are wrong and you need to go check them. The value you are comparing to for the “actual” number is shown on the scale: 54.8 (or 54.9). From your calculations, it would very rare that you also get that same value, so you must have some error!
The website we will be using is Pivot. The website is listed here: https://www.pivotinteractives.com/ (Links to an external site.)
Lab 8, Intro Description:
This is one of the more straightforward labs for our course. The purpose of the lab is to confirm Hooke’s Law for a stretched spring. Hooke’s Law is the relationship between force, the stretch or compression of a spring, and the spring constant itself. As the spring in the video simulation is stretched, it will also be measured by a force given on the scale reading. The first few questions will ask general questions about the spring as it is stretched across the screen. Make sure to use Spring 2 for this part to accurately measure some of the values.
Hint: The question that asks about the stretch of the spring should be just that – the total stretch of the spring. It is common for students to measure the totallength, but that is not right. Hooke’s Law isn’t about the total length, it is only about the stretch/compression away from its equilibrium point.
The major part of this lab is to graph different points as the spring is being stretched. Choose spring #2, #6, or #7 for the best results. As the video plays, pause and measure different points the spring stretches along the screen. Suggestion: Since the force scale goes up fairly smoothly, pause the video at 1N, 2N, 3N, etc. You can easily get 10 data points from numbers 1 – 10.
The table can be made from forces that you choose and the rule than measures those values. As you start to create your graph, you should notice a very familiar shape. Hint: What shape should you have? You can confirm by looking at the equation for Hooke’s Law. What type of graph would Hooke’s Law make? Don’t forget to create the graph and put the equation of the best curve fit.
Make sure to lock your answers in the system. As you move to the next part, some of these questions will indicate what the answers were for you shape and what to expect for your numbers. You will be asked to make a few predictions (Example: if stretched by X amount, what force does it take?). One of the questions asks about how to tell 2 spring apart with no tools. Think critically here – you are not given a force scale or a ruler to use. Hooke’s Law has a spring constant. How would you describe this value? What interpretation do you have for this? Apply that thinking to this question. You do not need exact answers, just a general statement of the higher spring constant.
The last part is another test to find the stretch after a certain force is applied. You can use your equation from your graph again to find this value. The last question of the lab should be unique at this point in our experiments. You are asked to find different reasons why the values may not be perfect. You are not given the actual values, but still can answer this question. What are the errors of this lab? As the hint suggests, make sure to say errors that are specific and unavoidable. Saying “human error” is not an acceptable reason. What about the human body makes it error-full?
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