Explain what You know about endocrine functions of Kidneys. 2. What is a Nephron? 3. Which is the importance of Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa? 4. What is RAAS and? a. Exp

 One paragraph

1. Explain what You know about endocrine functions of Kidneys.

2. What is a Nephron?

3. Which is the importance of Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa?

4. What is RAAS and 

a. Explain how this system regulates Blood pressure and Blood flow to the kidneys?

  One paragraph

5. Explain the Renal functions from the Nephron point of view.

6. Talk about Upper Urinary Tract Obstructions.

7. Kidney Stones: what is it? 

a. Types and formation of it.

  One paragraph

8. Causes for Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction

a. Symptoms.

9. Overactive vs Underactive Bladder.

10. Most frequent Renal Tumor 

a. Clinical symptoms.

  One paragraph

11. What is UTI 

a. explain retrograde infection mechanism?

12. Most frequent Uropathogens, which is number 1? 

a. Explain virulence.

13. Clinical manifestations of Cystitis vs Pyelonephritis.

  One paragraph

14. Explain acute Glomerulonephritis Pathophysiology 

a. Clinical manifestations.

15. Nephrotic Syndrome: and Clinical manifestations.

16. Nephritic Syndrome Pathophysiology

17. Nephrotic vs Nephritic 

  One paragraph

18. What is Renal Insufficiency?

19. Uremia vs Azotemia

20. Explain Acute Kidney Injury: 

a. Prerenal

b. Renal 

c. Postrenal

21. What is CKD? 

a. Stages of CKD based on GFR.

Part 2: Pathophysiology

Answer in paragraph format each of the questions that are indicated. That is, you must objectively answer each of the questions in the order indicated.

Cardiovascular diseases are…….Coronary artery disease (CAD) is…….. Cardiac arrhythmia is ……

  One paragraph

1. Explain what You know about endocrine functions of Kidneys.

2. What is a Nephron?

3. Which is the importance of Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa?

4. What is RAAS and 

a. Explain how this system regulates Blood pressure and Blood flow to the kidneys?

  One paragraph

5. Explain the Renal functions from the Nephron point of view.

6. Talk about Upper Urinary Tract Obstructions.

7. Kidney Stones: what is it? 

a. Types and formation of it.

  One paragraph

8. Causes for Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction

a. Symptoms.

9. Overactive vs Underactive Bladder.

10. Most frequent Renal Tumor 

a. Clinical symptoms.

  One paragraph

11. What is UTI 

a. explain retrograde infection mechanism?

12. Most frequent Uropathogens, which is number 1? 

a. Explain virulence.

13. Clinical manifestations of Cystitis vs Pyelonephritis.

  One paragraph

14. Explain acute Glomerulonephritis Pathophysiology 

a. Clinical manifestations.

15. Nephrotic Syndrome: and Clinical manifestations.

16. Nephritic Syndrome Pathophysiology

17. Nephrotic vs Nephritic 

  One paragraph

18. What is Renal Insufficiency?

19. Uremia vs Azotemia

20. Explain Acute Kidney Injury: 

a. Prerenal

b. Renal 

c. Postrenal

21. What is CKD? 

a. Stages of CKD based on GFR.

  

Part 3: Culture in nursing 

Topic: Cubans believe in shamanism to cure their illnesses

1. Abstract (One paragraph)

2. Describe the origins of the health beliefs (topic). (Two paragraphs)

3. Describe the health implications of the health beliefs  (One paragraph) 

a. Are they potentially harmful? And why  (One paragraph) 

b. There are advantages to this belief for Cubans compared to other cultures? and why  (One paragraph) 

4. How will you integrate the health beliefs into your nursing care? (write in the first person)  (Two paragraphs) 

5 Conclusion  (One paragraph)

Parts  4 and 5  have the same questions, however, you must answer with references and different writing always addressing them objectively, that is as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.

 Part 4: Advanced pharmacology

 

M.W. is a 69-year-old African American man and was referred to clinic for evaluation of increasing shortness of breath.

Past medical history 

Chronic renal insufficiency

Hypertension

Congestive heart failure

Diabetes mellitus type 2, poor control

Deep vein thrombosis

Alcohol abuse

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure

Family history

Noncontributory

Physical examination

Height 69 inches, weight 205 lb

Blood pressure: 138/88

Pulse 86 beats/min, regular

Lungs clear, neck supple negative for jugular venous distention

Lower extremities +1 edema

Laboratory findings

Scr = 2.8 K+ = 5.1

BUN = 56

Na+ = 147

WBC = 5.0

Hb = 8.2

Hct = 24.6

Serum ferritin 189 mg/dL

Social history

Tobacco: 52 pack-years

Alcohol: distant past

Diagnosis: Anemia Of Ckd: Answer the following questions in full sentences using APA citations. 

1. List specific goals of treatment for M.W. (One paragraph)

2. What drug therapy would you prescribed? Why? (One paragraph)

3. What are the parameters for monitoring success of therapy? (One paragraph)

4. Discuss specific patient education based on the prescribed therapy. (One paragraph)

5. Describe two adverse reactions for the selected agent that would cause you to change therapy. (One paragraph)

6. Describe over-the-counter and/or alternative medications would be appropriate for M.W. (One paragraph)

7. What dietary and lifestyle changes would you recommended for M.W.? (One paragraph)

 Part 5: Advanced pharmacology

M.W. is a 69-year-old African American man and was referred to clinic for evaluation of increasing shortness of breath.

Past medical history 

Chronic renal insufficiency

Hypertension

Congestive heart failure

Diabetes mellitus type 2, poor control

Deep vein thrombosis

Alcohol abuse

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure

Family history

Noncontributory

Physical examination

Height 69 inches, weight 205 lb

Blood pressure: 138/88

Pulse 86 beats/min, regular

Lungs clear, neck supple negative for jugular venous distention

Lower extremities +1 edema

Laboratory findings

Scr = 2.8 K+ = 5.1

BUN = 56

Na+ = 147

WBC = 5.0

Hb = 8.2

Hct = 24.6

Serum ferritin 189 mg/dL

Social history

Tobacco: 52 pack-years

Alcohol: distant past

Diagnosis: Anemia Of Ckd: Answer the following questions in full sentences using APA citations. 

1. List specific goals of treatment for M.W. (One paragraph)

2. What drug therapy would you prescribed? Why? (One paragraph)

3. What are the parameters for monitoring success of therapy? (One paragraph)

4. Discuss specific patient education based on the prescribed therapy. (One paragraph)

5. Describe two adverse reactions for the selected agent that would cause you to change therapy. (One paragraph)

6. Describe over-the-counter and/or alternative medications would be appropriate for M.W. (One paragraph)

7. What dietary and lifestyle changes would you recommended for M.W.? (One paragraph)