Over the past five weeks you have examined several areas of psychology in relation to the areas/fields of psychology that you are most interested in. As you enter the final

Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Annotated bibliography: Unified psychology perspective

Melissa Soto

PSY4800

South University

June 10, 2022

1) Kopsov, I. (2021). A New Model of Unified Psychology. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(3), 363-384.

The study conducted by Kopsov (2021) has investigated a novel model from the perspective of unified psychology perspective and this model is based on the human behavior for which an algorithm has been designed. The model uses unified psychology as the behavior has been determined using the different approaches and aspects. These aspects include societal, psychoanalytical, intellectual, behavioral, biological as well as humanitarian approaches. The utilization of all these aspects for the development of an algorithm for defining human behavior is an excellent illustration of the unified psychology that the author has used in this article. By implementing a unified psychological perspective, the author has been able to determine the various characteristics related to human behavior such as their interaction with different people and living things within their society and also depicts how their body and cognitive functions alter their nature (Kopsov, 2021). From my perspective, the approach that is covered in this article is accurate as it helps the readers in comprehending the concept of unified psychology. Moreover, it reveals how different approaches are being employed to give the explanation about the psychological aspect i.e., human behavior.

2) Yih, J., Uusberg, A., Taxer, J. L., & Gross, J. J. (2019). Better together: a unified perspective on appraisal and emotion regulation. Cognition and Emotion, 33(1), 41-47.

In the research work of Yih et al. (2019), the authors have employed the unified psychological perspective to define the development of emotional feelings and their regulation. Concerning the unified perspective, different models and theoretical frameworks such as appraisal theory as well as interacting frameworks have been used. In my opinion, by using such a unified approach, the authors have achieved their goals of determining the emotional generation and regulation processes simply and understandably. Furthermore, the findings of the research show that emotional feelings are generated in an individual by utilizing the system for emotional regulation. On the other hand, the authors have also tried their best to find the step wherein they find that there is a need for some improvements, which they later resolved by altering the dimensions of appraisal (Yih et al., 2019). Thus, this article helps in strengthening the knowledge and concept of the future researchers about unified psychology, and thus, they can use this idea for their upcoming research.

3) Heras-Escribano, M. (2021). Pragmatism, enactivism, and ecological psychology: towards a unified approach to post-cognitivism. Synthese, 198(1), 337-363.

Heras-Escribano (2020) in their article discusses post-cognitivism by using various psychological approaches including ecology, enactivism, and pragmatism. The authors have claimed that in ecological psychology, the association and interaction between the environment and humans are studied, whereas, in enactivism, the sensory and motor capabilities of the individuals are determined. Both these frameworks together constitute unified psychology, which further helps in studying the post-cognitivism in humans. Thus, this article depicts the significance and the importance of unified psychology as through this field; different psychological concepts can be learned and easily investigated by combing various frameworks that are included in different fields (Heras-Escribano, 2021). I believe that the authors have done their best and investigated an excellent model using different approaches, just to give the concept of the unified psychology perspective. Moreover, in this way, a single aspect can be studied and their related factors can be studied easily. Lastly, the utilization of a unified psychology approach is significant in this study as it helped in explaining the psychological phenomenon effectively.

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Running Head: PSYCHOLOGY

PSYCHOLOGY

Week 3 Project

Melissa Soto

PSY4800

South University

June 20, 2022

Interviews and surveys may look similar but they are different. Interviews involve social interaction and they can be well structured or less structured. Different types of questions can be asked in the interview by the researcher and these types of questions can give different type of data. Questions can be open ended or closed ended. Close ended interview questionnaires are usually limited which means that limited answers are given in this type such as “yes” or “no”. Responses or answers are fixed in this type of interview. While in open ended interview questions, free answers are allowed and a person gives a narrative answer to the question. The answers are given freely in a detail manner. In addition, this method is more convenient for the interviewer because he can modified his or her interview questions where needed.

The interview that I have conducted was based on open ended questions. Personal interview was conducted from a professional psychologists about his work and experience. The answers to the questions were narrative. Before conducting the interview, an email was sent to him and an appointment was made. The interviewee was provided with all the details including the interview topic and the interview questions. I introduced myself, my project and the purpose of the interview. He was aware of the goal of the interview. After then, one-to-one interview was conducted. Demographic information is an introductory part of an interview in which questions about their age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, and education level are asked. In the beginning of the interview, the demographic questions were asked from the respondent. Demographic information included the age, education level, marital status, and the job title of the interviewee. The next part of the interview involved the questions about his skills and the experience, his typical work day, professional development, and potential career prospects of the field.

In the next part of the interview, his experience and education level is asked. This part is the common part of an interview. With the help of these questions, it becomes easy to compute individual’s potential and his knowledge about his field. The next question that I asked was the typical work day of the psychologist. Type of work, how much time it needs, and the demands of the job were inquired as well. The interviewee also gave information about the training and education required for an individual for a professional development. At the end of the interview, question related to future prospects were asked. Questions about the profession, scope, and career were asked from the interviewee. Additionally, follow up questions were also asked when needed.

The response of the interviewee to all these questions were then collected with the help of audio recording. The whole interview was audio recorded so that it would be easy to gather the information later. Moreover, questionnaire paper was also available and the relevant data was written on the paper as well. In the beginning of the interview, the interviewee gave information about his age, marital status, ethnicity, and job position. He shared his passion towards work and making difference in people’s lives. He gave suggestions and shared information in addition to answers to the questions. The interviewee response was corporative and his gestures were also enlightening. After conducting this interview and after recording the response I discover many things about the topic. The answers he gave were explained well. It was easy to summarize the response of the interviewee because in personal interview facial expression and behavior of the interviewee makes it easy to review the response. The interviewee was very confident and he was passionate about his work. He responded to every questions in a composed way.

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Running Head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1

LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature Review- Week 4 Project

Melissa Soto

PSY4800

South University

June 24,2022

1. Summary:

In the latter part of the last decade, the shootings of Black Americans in the United States have been recorded to be at an all-time high; particularly the killings of males who seem to be descendants of low socioeconomic status or the sons of slaves (Range et al., 2018). The increase in media coverage of these shootings has highlighted the plight of the Black American community in the U.S. and the constant death threat looming over their heads. Moreover, such incidents terrorize Black Americans for their safety and have severe psychological impacts. Studying these impacts can help clinicians help these Americans provide suitable services to deal with this terror.

Analysis:

Multiculturalism refers to a society wherein different ethnicities, races, and cultures live together in harmony and the society promotes this practice. This article analyzes the hatred of a particular group from one community towards others and how psychologically damaging it can be for the recipient group. Black Americans have always been at the receiving end of White Americans' brutality, oppression, and hatred. Once slavery was abolished, Blacks made calculated and active efforts to uplift their status and earn a respectful space in the dominant U.S. society. But from the last few years, oppression against the Blacks has increased a lot and it has frightened the community to a point that they feel threatened for their basic safety and the right to live. Acts such as killings, shootings, or unjust arrests by the police can traumatize a particular segment of the society and make them feel inherently inferior to demand their right or live their life to the fullest.

2. Summary:

Studies have shown that social determinants have a huge impact on the dietary behavior of lower ethnic groups. In a study, researchers examined the subjective health of a group of people from lower socioeconomic classes by studying the direct effects of their eating habits and the stress related to it. Secondary data from 500 students from a middle school, who had participated in the "15th Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey, 2019” was utilized along with their perceived stress, subjective socioeconomic status, dietary behavior, and subjective health status data was also used (Kim et al., 2021). Researchers used SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS macro for studying the relationship between perceived stress and with mediating effects of breakfast. The results of the study showed that subjective socioeconomic status had a direct effect on the subjective health of students and was indirectly related to subjective health because of perceived stress and breakfast frequency. SES, however, had no direct effect on the perceived stress. Researchers concluded that considering the SES factor while designing health promotion intercession is crucial for achieving health equality for vulnerable communities.

Analysis:

Availability of food and socioeconomic status go hand in hand. The lower socioeconomic classes have always struggled with dietary problems because in the past, they never had sufficient food and the survival habits those people adopted given the scarcity of food have been transferred into the subconscious mind of their descendants. Resultantly, even if those descendants have sufficient food today, some of them still have the habits of skipping meals, mostly breakfast, which triggers different chemical reactions in the body, mostly increasing stress levels. Therefore, the researchers found a direct relationship between dietary habits and perceived stress levels and not the socioeconomic status as that stands secondary compared to the direct meal intake.

3. Summary:

To assess the multicultural competency of SCTs (School Council Trainees), a social class and classism questionnaire was developed. The authors thoroughly analyzed the differences between social class background, accreditation status, and other factors contributing to the training and competence of SCTs (Pietrantoni & Glance, 2019. Results of the questionnaire showed that a couple of multicultural courses, socially desirable responses, and adequate training level contributed mostly to the training and perceiving competence.

Analysis:

To promote multiculturalism in a healthy way, it is necessary that clinicians, therapists, counselors, and psychologists – whether they practice independently or in the capacity of some educational institutions. For this, SCTs must be given appropriate training so that when they are in the authoritative position to provide help to students in school settings, they are free of bias and provide neutral help and promote multiculturalism. This can only happen via adequate training.

References

Pietrantoni, Z., & Glance, D. (2019). Multicultural competency training of school counselor trainees: Development of the Social Class and Classism Training Questionnaire. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 47(1), 2-18.

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