What are the common elements of the TCP three-way handshake to begin communication? What are the additional elements that can be sent when the handshake fails? Ques

PLEASE UPLOAD EACH DISCUSSION SEPARATELY!!!!! 

NUMBER 1

Question A

What are the common elements of the TCP three-way handshake to begin communication? What are the additional elements that can be sent when the handshake fails?

Question B

What are the differences between centralized and distributed network routing? Which method is the most efficient for an organization's high volume website?

REFLECT AND REPLY TO CLASSMATE DISCUSSION TO THE ABOVE QUESTIONS EXPLAINING WHY YOU AGREE (MINIMUM OF 125 WORDS)

                                                               CLASSMATE’S DISCUSSION

Question A

The elements of a TCP three-way handshake process are as follows:  The first step is the Synchronize Sequence number or SYN by the client.  This sends data packets from the client to the destination server to ensure a port is open to establish a connection.

The second step is the Acknowledgement Sequence Number (ACK) or SYN/ACK packet.  This has two actions.  The first action is the server acknowledging the SYN packet sent by the client.  This is done by sending an ACK packet to the client. The second action is the server sending its own acknowledgement data packet or SYN to the client. I believe both packets are sent at the same time which is why this step is called SYN/ACK. 

The third step is the client sending an ACK to the SYN/ACK packets from the server.   This completes the three-way handshake, the client and server connection is created, and the communications can begin.  If a connection fails, a finish or FIN will be sent by the client and server indicating that the connection has been terminated.  Both will also need to send an ACT to complete the process.

Question B

Centralized routing is a technique for providing routing information that dictates that the routing information generated from the least-cost algorithm is stored at a central location within the network (White, 2016, p. 403). This would be easy to manage because all the routing information is stored in one location but it is also the single point of failure. Distributed routing is a wide area network routing technique in which each node maintains its own routing table (White, 2016, p. 404).  Access to the routing information is available in different locations throughout the network.  This makes it easier to access routing information and provides redundancy.   

In my opinion, a distributed network routing method would be more efficient for an organization with a high volume website due to the availability of the routing information throughout the network.   A centralized routing may get overwhelmed in high volume websites.   

                                                                   References:

Icommunity. (n.d.). Distributed vs. Centralized networks. https://icommunity.io/en/centralized-vs-distributed-networks/#:~:text=CENTRALIZED%3A%20If%20someone%20has%20access,the%20computers%20in%20the%20network.

Shalom, N. (2020). What does Three-way handshake Mean? https://www.techopedia.com/definition/10339/three-way-handshake

The TCP/IP Guide. (2005). TCP Connection Termination. http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_TCPConnectionTermination-2.htm

White, C. (2016). Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach (8th ed.). Independence, KY: Cengage Learnings. https://ebooks.cenreader.com/#!/reader/9396c456-21f6-4768-90d1-7fb1e42967ce/page/11240395-5886-4788-8e5b-3c472a7e603b

NUMBER 2

Question A

What are the common elements of the TCP three-way handshake to begin communication? What are the additional elements that can be sent when the handshake fails?

Question B

What are the differences between centralized and distributed network routing? Which method is the most efficient for an organization's high volume website?

REFLECT AND REPLY TO CLASSMATE DISCUSSION TO THE ABOVE QUESTIONS EXPLAINING WHY YOU AGREE (MINIMUM OF 125 WORDS)

                                                                  CLASSMATE’S DISCUSSION

Question A

When setting up a TCP three-way handshake the sending and receiving device must be setup to send and receive control packets so that they an be synched. The handshake starts with the first device by sending the initiation of a TCP segment with a SYN control set. The next step the second TCP segment will received and return a TCP segment with SYN. In the final step the initial device will send to the TCP segments to the second device leaving an acceptance delivery. If the handshake fails then the server will return an ACK message. The packet will continue to send until a successful exchange or the results will be broken.

Question B

The centralized routing model uses a centralized database to carry out routing, whereas the distributed routing model uses a distributed database. In the centralized approach, one central node contains the routing table, but in the distributed model, each node carries a routing table. I believe that a decentralized network would be the most efficient for a high-volume website. The large amount of activity wouldn’t work for a single use server. The use of multiple servers will manage the load of the high-volume use.

References

3 way handshake, TCP Three-way handshake, TCP Synchronization. (2022). Omnisecu. https://www.omnisecu.com/tcpip/tcp-three-way-handshake.php

Systems, Z. (2022, February 25). Centralized vs. Distributed Network Management: Which One to Choose? – ZPE Systems – Rethink the Way Networks are Built and Managed. ZPE Systems. https://www.zpesystems.com/centralized-vs-distributed-network-management-zs/