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June 14, 2022

Getting Started Sometimes we have many alternatives from which to choose. Evaluating these choices in order to make the best decision usually involved comparing the

Information Systems

Getting Started

Sometimes we have many alternatives from which to choose. Evaluating these choices in order to make the best decision usually involved comparing the choices against each other. The workshop gives you two tools that can be used for this purpose.  Analysis of Variance allows you to compare two or more variables that are numerical and normally distributed. Chi-Square Analysis allows you to compare two or more variables that are categorical or are numerical, but not normally distributed.

Upon successful completion of this assignment, you will be able to:

  • Develop research and data analytical skills for use in solving business problems.
  • Assess research methodologies for applicability to research projects.

Background Information

Comparing two or more sets of data against each other or examining them to determine if a relationship exists is a common task for the researcher.

Instructions

  1. Review the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade.
  2. Read chapters XVI, XVII, and XIX in the online textbook. Watch the videos and powerpoints that go with each chapter.
  3. Review the database NCbirths. Describe the limitations that may exist if this database is used as a sample of all North Carolina births.
  4. Conduct an examination of the impact of smoking and marital status on birthweight using Analysis of Variance as described in chapter XV of the online textbook.
  5. Construct a chi-square analysis of the relationship between smoking and ethnicity as described in chapter XVII of the online textbook.
  6. Write a short report (1 to 2 pages for each variable) that includes the results of your analysis and answers the following questions:
    1. Write a research question appropriate for each analysis.
    2. What is the null and alternative hypothesis for each analysis?
    3. What were the results of each analysis? Describe what relationships, if any, were significant and the decision made concerning the null hypothesis.
  7. When you have completed your assignment, submit a copy to your instructor using the Assignment submission page.
  8. The assignment is due by the end of the workshop.
  • attachment

    6.2AssignmentAnalysisofVariationandChi-SquaredAnalysissample.docx

  • attachment

    PreviewRubric_6.2Assignment_AnalysisofVarianceandChiSquareAnalysis75points-3SU2022DataAnalyticsResearchBADM-707-01B-IndianaWesleyanUniversity.pdf

  • attachment

    PreviewRubric_6.2Assignment_AnalysisofVarianceandChiSquareAnalysis75points-3SU2022DataAnalyticsResearchBADM-707-01B-IndianaWesleyanUniversity.pdf

  • attachment

    ncbirths1.xlsx

  • attachment

    ncbirths1.xlsx

Analysis of Variation and Chi-Squared Analysis

The limitations that may exist if this database is used as a sample of all North Carolina births are as follows:

· This data isn't exhaustive set of all births of the North Carolina births.

· There are many data values in many variables missing within the database.

· Hence, there is a high chance that these factors could potentially affect our statistical analysis if this data is employed as a sample for all North Carolina births.

Analysis of Variance

We are getting to perform the Analysis of variance in the 0.05 significance level for the subsequent question:

a) Question: Does the factors smoking habits of the mother and legal status of the mother during pregnancy have an impression on the child’s birthweight?

We have the following populations:

· Let X be the population of birthweight of children whose mother was a non-smoker during pregnancy.

· Let Y be the population of birthweight of children whose mother was a smoker during pregnancy.

· Let Z be the population of birthweight of children whose mother was married during pregnancy.

· Let P be the population of birthweight of children whose mother is unmarried during pregnancy.

b) The Null and Alternate hypotheses are as follows:

· Null hypothesis : The means of the populations of birthweights of children are equal.

· Alternate hypothesis : Atleast one among the population means are different.

After doing the calculations, we arrive at the following results:

Populations

Count

Sum

Average

Variance

X (non-smoker)

878

6262.666

7.132877

2.356056

Y (smoker)

131

884.9056

6.755005

2.259016

Z (married)

618

4497.282

7.277155

2.053943

P (not married)

391

2650.641

6.779134

2.679846

Source of Variation

SS

df

MS

F

P-value

F crit

Between Groups

75.67428

3

25.22476

10.87303

4.38E-07

2.609321

Within Groups

4672.356

2014

2.319938

Total

4748.03

2017

 

 

 

 

· We see that the p-value is 4.38E-07 which is clearly very less than 0.05, our alpha value. Hence we reject the null hypothesis. And our alternate hypothesis is significant within the 0.05 significance level. So we conclude that atleast one among the population means are different.

Chi-square test

Using the chi-square test within the 0.05 significance level we are getting to analyze the subsequent question:

a) Question: Is the smoking habit of a woman during pregnancy associated with the ethnicity of the woman?

We have the subsequent data in hand:

Smoking habits

Hypothesised proportion

Observed

Expected

Non-white mothers

0.5

30

63

White mothers

0.5

96

63

b) The Null and Alternate hypotheses are as follows:

· Null Hypothesis : The smoking habits aren't associated with the ethnicity of the woman.

· Alternate Hypothesis : The smoking habits are associated with the ethnicity of the woman.

After performing the calculations with the information we have, we arrive at the subsequent results:

· p-value is 4.10893E-09

· The chi squared test statistic is 34.57142858

c) By looking at the p-value we see that it is very less than 0.05. So, we reject our null hypothesis and conclude that our alternate hypothesis is significant within the 0.05 significance level. We also see that the chi squared test statistic for the test is 34.57142858 and this is clearly greater than the critical value for the test which is 3.841458821. Hence the test statistic is bigger than the critical value. Hence this also agrees with the conclusion of rejecting the null hypothesis.

,

6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…

https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 1/4

6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) Course: 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707-01B)

Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement

Inadequate/Faili ng

Criterion Score

Determination

of research

questions and

test

hypotheses

/ 20

Statistical

tools

/ 20

20 points

Demonstrated

clear, insightful

critical thinking

in determining

the research

questions and

test

hypotheses.

19 points

(16-19 points)

Demonstrated

competent

critical thinking

in determining

the research

questions and

test

hypotheses

and selection

of test.

15 points

(12-15 points)

Demonstrated

limited critical

thinking in

determining

the research

questions and

test

hypotheses.

11 points

(0-11 points)

Demonstrated

little to no

critical thinking

in determining

the research

questions and

test

hypotheses.

20 points

Statistical tools

were

constructed

correctly and

strongly

supported the

discussion.

18 points

(16-18 points)

Statistical tools

were

constructed

correctly and

generally

supported the

discussion.

15 points

(12-15 points)

Statistical tools

were

constructed

correctly and

but did not

support the

discussion.

11 points

(0-11 points)

Statistical tools

were not

constructed

correctly but

did not

support the

discussion.

6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…

https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 2/4

Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement

Inadequate/Faili ng

Criterion Score

Discussion of

findings

/ 2020 points

Demonstrated

clear, insightful

critical thinking

in the

Discussion of

the findings.

19 points

(16-19 points)

Demonstrated

competent

critical thinking

in the

Discussion of

the findings.

15 points

(12-15 points)

Demonstrated

limited critical

thinking in

Discussion of

the findings.

11 points

(0-11 points)

Demonstrated

little to no

critical thinking

in the

Discussion of

the findings.

6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…

https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 3/4

Total / 75

Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement

Inadequate/Faili ng

Criterion Score

Grammar,

Spelling,

Length, and

Citation

/ 1515 points

Sentence

structure is

complete with

correct

spelling,

punctuation,

capitalization,

varied diction,

and word

choices.

Assignment

length is

correct with

sources

correctly cited.

14 points

(12-14 points)

Sentence

structure has

minor errors

(fragments,

run-ons) with

correct

spelling,

punctuation,

capitalization,

and limited

diction and

word choices.

Assignment

length is

correct with

sources

correctly cited.

11 points

(9-11 points)

Sentence

structure has

several errors

in sentence

fluency with

multiple

fragments/run-

ons; poor

spelling,

punctuation,

and/or word

choice.

Assignment

length is

inappropriate

with several

format and

citation errors.

8 points

(0-8 points)

Sentence

structure has

serious and

persistent

errors in

sentence

fluency,

sentence

structure,

spelling,

punctuation,

and/or word

choice.

Assignment

length is

inappropriate

with several

format and

citation errors

or sources not

cited.

6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…

https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 4/4

Overall Score

Excellent 69 points minimum

Competent 62 points minimum

Needs Improvement 54 points minimum

Inadequate/Failing 0 points minimum

,

6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…

https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 1/4

6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) Course: 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707-01B)

Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement

Inadequate/Faili ng

Criterion Score

Determination

of research

questions and

test

hypotheses

/ 20

Statistical

tools

/ 20

20 points

Demonstrated

clear, insightful

critical thinking

in determining

the research

questions and

test

hypotheses.

19 points

(16-19 points)

Demonstrated

competent

critical thinking

in determining

the research

questions and

test

hypotheses

and selection

of test.

15 points

(12-15 points)

Demonstrated

limited critical

thinking in

determining

the research

questions and

test

hypotheses.

11 points

(0-11 points)

Demonstrated

little to no

critical thinking

in determining

the research

questions and

test

hypotheses.

20 points

Statistical tools

were

constructed

correctly and

strongly

supported the

discussion.

18 points

(16-18 points)

Statistical tools

were

constructed

correctly and

generally

supported the

discussion.

15 points

(12-15 points)

Statistical tools

were

constructed

correctly and

but did not

support the

discussion.

11 points

(0-11 points)

Statistical tools

were not

constructed

correctly but

did not

support the

discussion.

6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…

https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 2/4

Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement

Inadequate/Faili ng

Criterion Score

Discussion of

findings

/ 2020 points

Demonstrated

clear, insightful

critical thinking

in the

Discussion of

the findings.

19 points

(16-19 points)

Demonstrated

competent

critical thinking

in the

Discussion of

the findings.

15 points

(12-15 points)

Demonstrated

limited critical

thinking in

Discussion of

the findings.

11 points

(0-11 points)

Demonstrated

little to no

critical thinking

in the

Discussion of

the findings.

6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…

https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 3/4

Total / 75

Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement

Inadequate/Faili ng

Criterion Score

Grammar,

Spelling,

Length, and

Citation

/ 1515 points

Sentence

structure is

complete with

correct

spelling,

punctuation,

capitalization,

varied diction,

and word

choices.

Assignment

length is

correct with

sources

correctly cited.

14 points

(12-14 points)

Sentence

structure has

minor errors

(fragments,

run-ons) with

correct

spelling,

punctuation,

capitalization,

and limited

diction and

word choices.

Assignment

length is

correct with

sources

correctly cited.

11 points

(9-11 points)

Sentence

structure has

several errors

in sentence

fluency with

multiple

fragments/run-

ons; poor

spelling,

punctuation,

and/or word

choice.

Assignment

length is

inappropriate

with several

format and

citation errors.

8 points

(0-8 points)

Sentence

structure has

serious and

persistent

errors in

sentence

fluency,

sentence

structure,

spelling,

punctuation,

and/or word

choice.

Assignment

length is

inappropriate

with several

format and

citation errors

or sources not

cited.

6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…

https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 4/4

Overall Score

Excellent 69 points minimum

Competent 62 points minimum

Needs Improvement 54 points minimum

Inadequate/Failing 0 points minimum

,

ncbirths

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fage mage mature weeks premie visits marital gained weight lowbirthweight gender habit whitemom
13 younger mom 39 full term 10 not married 38 7.63 not low male nonsmoker not white
14 younger mom 42 full term 15 not married 20 7.88 not low male nonsmoker not white
19 15 younger mom 37 full term 11 not married 38 6.63 not low female nonsmoker white
21 15 younger mom 41 full term 6 not married 34 8 not low male nonsmoker white
15 younger mom 39 full term 9 not married 27 6.38 not low female nonsmoker not white
15 younger mom 38 full term 19 not married 22 5.38 low male nonsmoker not white
18 15 younger mom 37 full term 12 not married 76 8.44 not low male nonsmoker not white
17 15 younger mom 35 premie 5 not married 15 4.69 low male nonsmoker not white
16 younger mom 38 full term 9 not married 8.81 not low male nonsmoker white
20 16 younger mom 37 full term 13 not married 52 6.94 not low female nonsmoker white
30 16 younger mom 45 full term 9 not married 28 7.44 not low male nonsmoker white
16 younger mom 42 full term 8 not married 34 8.81 not low female nonsmoker white
16 younger mom 40 full term 4 not married 12 6 not low female nonsmoker not white
16 younger mom 38 full term 12 not married 30 7.13 not low female nonsmoker white
21 16 younger mom 38 full term 15 not married 75 7.56 not low female smoker white
16 younger mom 40 full term 7 not married 35 6.88 not low male smoker white
14 16 younger mom 40 full term 12 not married 9 5.81 not low female smoker white
16 16 younger mom 24 premie 5 not married 12 1.5 low male nonsmoker not white
20 17 younger mom 40 full term 8 not married 20 8.25 not low female nonsmoker white
18 17 younger mom 37 full term 10 not married 39 6.19 not low female nonsmoker not white
17 younger mom 39 full term 10 not married 40 7 not low male nonsmoker not white
20 17 younger mom 40 full term 17 not married 38 7.19 not low male nonsmoker white
20 17 younger mom 39 full term 9 not married 36 6 not low male nonsmoker not white
17 younger mom 40 full term 15 not married 20 7.63 not low female nonsmoker not white
26 17 younger mom 38 full term 11 not married 30 9.5 not low female nonsmoker white
17 younger mom 38 full term 12 not married 30 5.56 not low female nonsmoker not white
17 younger mom 39 full term 12 not married 50 7.5 not low male nonsmoker not white
20 17 younger mom 40 full term 10 not married 68 7.44 not low male nonsmoker not white
31 17 younger mom 39 full term 12 not married 27 7.56 not low male nonsmoker white
17 17 younger mom 38 full term 12 not married 22 6.06 not low male nonsmoker not white
17 younger mom 42 full term 8 not married 72 7.44 not low male smoker white
19 17 younger mom 36 premie 15 not married 25 7 not low male nonsmoker not white
20 17 younger mom 29 premie 6 not married 35 4.56 low male nonsmoker not white
17 17 younger mom 29 premie 4 not married 10 2.63 low female nonsmoker not white
19 17 younger mom 35 premie 3 not married 30 6.38 not low male nonsmoker white
18 17 younger mom 35 premie 12 not married 25 7.25 not low male nonsmoker not white
18 17 younger mom 31 premie 6 not married 1 1.56 low female nonsmoker white
18 younger mom 42 full term 15 not married 27 7.44 not low male nonsmoker white
28 18 younger mom 38 full term 15 not married 30 6 not low female nonsmoker not white
28 18 younger mom 41 full term 10 not married 11 6.5 not low female nonsmoker not white
20 18 younger mom 43 full term 8 not married 50 7.31 not low female nonsmoker not white
18 younger mom 41 full term 6 not married 41 7.88 not low male nonsmoker not white
25 18 younger mom 40 full term 6 married 20 6.19 not low male nonsmoker white
20 18 younger mom 38 full term 6 not married 48 7 not low female nonsmoker white
23 18 younger mom 37 full term 6 married 35 5.81 not low female nonsmoker white
21 18 younger mom 38 full term 16 not married 40 7.44 not low female nonsmoker white
21 18 younger mom 41 full term 10 not married 30 7.75 not low male nonsmoker not white
24 18 younger mom 40 full term 15 married 57 8 not low female nonsmoker white
20 18 younger mom 40 full term 11 not married 28 6.63 not low female nonsmoker white
20 18 younger mom 38 full term 13 not married 60 8.31 not low male nonsmoker white
21 18 younger mom 40 full term 12 not married 7.25 not low female nonsmoker not white
21 18 younger mom 40 full term 13 not married 10 5.5 low female nonsmoker white
25 18 younger mom 42 full term 11 not married 35 7.81 not low female nonsmoker white
20 18 younger mom 41 full term 9 not married 18 7 not low female nonsmoker not white
21 18 younger mom 37 full term 15 not married 23 7.31 not low male nonsmoker white
18 younger mom 39 full term 8 not married 26 9.06 not low male nonsmoker not white
18 18 younger mom 40 full term not married 32 6.56 not low male nonsmoker not white
20 18 younger mom 38 full term 14 married 56 5.88 not low female nonsmoker not white
18 18 younger mom 39 full term 11 not married 60 6.63 not low female nonsmoker not white
21 18 younger mom 41 full term 13 not married 28 9.06 not low male nonsmoker not white
18 younger mom 40 full term 12 not married 13 8.75 not low male nonsmoker not white
22 18 younger mom 39 full term 14 not married 23 7.06 not low female nonsmoker not white
18 younger mom 39 full term 0 not married 15 6.88 not low male nonsmoker not white
23 18 younger mom 37 full term 4 not married 5.94 not low male nonsmoker white
20 18 younger mom 41 full term 14 not married 8.56 not low female nonsmoker white
24 18 younger mom 40 full term 14 married 47 7.06 not low female smoker white
20 18 younger mom 38 full term 15 not married 50 8.06 not low female smoker white
18 younger mom 44 full term 15 not married 17 7.44 not low male smoker white
25 18 younger mom 41 full term 17 married 33 7.88 not low male smoker white