Getting Started Sometimes we have many alternatives from which to choose. Evaluating these choices in order to make the best decision usually involved comparing the
Getting Started
Sometimes we have many alternatives from which to choose. Evaluating these choices in order to make the best decision usually involved comparing the choices against each other. The workshop gives you two tools that can be used for this purpose. Analysis of Variance allows you to compare two or more variables that are numerical and normally distributed. Chi-Square Analysis allows you to compare two or more variables that are categorical or are numerical, but not normally distributed.
Upon successful completion of this assignment, you will be able to:
- Develop research and data analytical skills for use in solving business problems.
- Assess research methodologies for applicability to research projects.
Background Information
Comparing two or more sets of data against each other or examining them to determine if a relationship exists is a common task for the researcher.
Instructions
- Review the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade.
- Read chapters XVI, XVII, and XIX in the online textbook. Watch the videos and powerpoints that go with each chapter.
- Review the database NCbirths. Describe the limitations that may exist if this database is used as a sample of all North Carolina births.
- Conduct an examination of the impact of smoking and marital status on birthweight using Analysis of Variance as described in chapter XV of the online textbook.
- Construct a chi-square analysis of the relationship between smoking and ethnicity as described in chapter XVII of the online textbook.
- Write a short report (1 to 2 pages for each variable) that includes the results of your analysis and answers the following questions:
- Write a research question appropriate for each analysis.
- What is the null and alternative hypothesis for each analysis?
- What were the results of each analysis? Describe what relationships, if any, were significant and the decision made concerning the null hypothesis.
- When you have completed your assignment, submit a copy to your instructor using the Assignment submission page.
- The assignment is due by the end of the workshop.
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6.2AssignmentAnalysisofVariationandChi-SquaredAnalysissample.docx
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PreviewRubric_6.2Assignment_AnalysisofVarianceandChiSquareAnalysis75points-3SU2022DataAnalyticsResearchBADM-707-01B-IndianaWesleyanUniversity.pdf
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PreviewRubric_6.2Assignment_AnalysisofVarianceandChiSquareAnalysis75points-3SU2022DataAnalyticsResearchBADM-707-01B-IndianaWesleyanUniversity.pdf
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ncbirths1.xlsx
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ncbirths1.xlsx
Analysis of Variation and Chi-Squared Analysis
The limitations that may exist if this database is used as a sample of all North Carolina births are as follows:
· This data isn't exhaustive set of all births of the North Carolina births.
· There are many data values in many variables missing within the database.
· Hence, there is a high chance that these factors could potentially affect our statistical analysis if this data is employed as a sample for all North Carolina births.
Analysis of Variance
We are getting to perform the Analysis of variance in the 0.05 significance level for the subsequent question:
a) Question: Does the factors smoking habits of the mother and legal status of the mother during pregnancy have an impression on the child’s birthweight?
We have the following populations:
· Let X be the population of birthweight of children whose mother was a non-smoker during pregnancy.
· Let Y be the population of birthweight of children whose mother was a smoker during pregnancy.
· Let Z be the population of birthweight of children whose mother was married during pregnancy.
· Let P be the population of birthweight of children whose mother is unmarried during pregnancy.
b) The Null and Alternate hypotheses are as follows:
· Null hypothesis : The means of the populations of birthweights of children are equal.
· Alternate hypothesis : Atleast one among the population means are different.
After doing the calculations, we arrive at the following results:
|
Populations |
Count |
Sum |
Average |
Variance |
||
|
X (non-smoker) |
878 |
6262.666 |
7.132877 |
2.356056 |
||
|
Y (smoker) |
131 |
884.9056 |
6.755005 |
2.259016 |
||
|
Z (married) |
618 |
4497.282 |
7.277155 |
2.053943 |
||
|
P (not married) |
391 |
2650.641 |
6.779134 |
2.679846 |
||
|
Source of Variation |
SS |
df |
MS |
F |
P-value |
F crit |
|
Between Groups |
75.67428 |
3 |
25.22476 |
10.87303 |
4.38E-07 |
2.609321 |
|
Within Groups |
4672.356 |
2014 |
2.319938 |
|||
|
Total |
4748.03 |
2017 |
|
|
|
|
· We see that the p-value is 4.38E-07 which is clearly very less than 0.05, our alpha value. Hence we reject the null hypothesis. And our alternate hypothesis is significant within the 0.05 significance level. So we conclude that atleast one among the population means are different.
Chi-square test
Using the chi-square test within the 0.05 significance level we are getting to analyze the subsequent question:
a) Question: Is the smoking habit of a woman during pregnancy associated with the ethnicity of the woman?
We have the subsequent data in hand:
|
Smoking habits |
Hypothesised proportion |
Observed |
Expected |
|
Non-white mothers |
0.5 |
30 |
63 |
|
White mothers |
0.5 |
96 |
63 |
b) The Null and Alternate hypotheses are as follows:
· Null Hypothesis : The smoking habits aren't associated with the ethnicity of the woman.
· Alternate Hypothesis : The smoking habits are associated with the ethnicity of the woman.
After performing the calculations with the information we have, we arrive at the subsequent results:
· p-value is 4.10893E-09
· The chi squared test statistic is 34.57142858
6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…
https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 1/4
6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) Course: 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707-01B)
Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement
Inadequate/Faili ng
Criterion Score
Determination
of research
questions and
test
hypotheses
/ 20
Statistical
tools
/ 20
20 points
Demonstrated
clear, insightful
critical thinking
in determining
the research
questions and
test
hypotheses.
19 points
(16-19 points)
Demonstrated
competent
critical thinking
in determining
the research
questions and
test
hypotheses
and selection
of test.
15 points
(12-15 points)
Demonstrated
limited critical
thinking in
determining
the research
questions and
test
hypotheses.
11 points
(0-11 points)
Demonstrated
little to no
critical thinking
in determining
the research
questions and
test
hypotheses.
20 points
Statistical tools
were
constructed
correctly and
strongly
supported the
discussion.
18 points
(16-18 points)
Statistical tools
were
constructed
correctly and
generally
supported the
discussion.
15 points
(12-15 points)
Statistical tools
were
constructed
correctly and
but did not
support the
discussion.
11 points
(0-11 points)
Statistical tools
were not
constructed
correctly but
did not
support the
discussion.
6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…
https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 2/4
Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement
Inadequate/Faili ng
Criterion Score
Discussion of
findings
/ 2020 points
Demonstrated
clear, insightful
critical thinking
in the
Discussion of
the findings.
19 points
(16-19 points)
Demonstrated
competent
critical thinking
in the
Discussion of
the findings.
15 points
(12-15 points)
Demonstrated
limited critical
thinking in
Discussion of
the findings.
11 points
(0-11 points)
Demonstrated
little to no
critical thinking
in the
Discussion of
the findings.
6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…
https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 3/4
Total / 75
Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement
Inadequate/Faili ng
Criterion Score
Grammar,
Spelling,
Length, and
Citation
/ 1515 points
Sentence
structure is
complete with
correct
spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization,
varied diction,
and word
choices.
Assignment
length is
correct with
sources
correctly cited.
14 points
(12-14 points)
Sentence
structure has
minor errors
(fragments,
run-ons) with
correct
spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization,
and limited
diction and
word choices.
Assignment
length is
correct with
sources
correctly cited.
11 points
(9-11 points)
Sentence
structure has
several errors
in sentence
fluency with
multiple
fragments/run-
ons; poor
spelling,
punctuation,
and/or word
choice.
Assignment
length is
inappropriate
with several
format and
citation errors.
8 points
(0-8 points)
Sentence
structure has
serious and
persistent
errors in
sentence
fluency,
sentence
structure,
spelling,
punctuation,
and/or word
choice.
Assignment
length is
inappropriate
with several
format and
citation errors
or sources not
cited.
6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…
https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 4/4
Overall Score
Excellent 69 points minimum
Competent 62 points minimum
Needs Improvement 54 points minimum
Inadequate/Failing 0 points minimum
,
6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…
https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 1/4
6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) Course: 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707-01B)
Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement
Inadequate/Faili ng
Criterion Score
Determination
of research
questions and
test
hypotheses
/ 20
Statistical
tools
/ 20
20 points
Demonstrated
clear, insightful
critical thinking
in determining
the research
questions and
test
hypotheses.
19 points
(16-19 points)
Demonstrated
competent
critical thinking
in determining
the research
questions and
test
hypotheses
and selection
of test.
15 points
(12-15 points)
Demonstrated
limited critical
thinking in
determining
the research
questions and
test
hypotheses.
11 points
(0-11 points)
Demonstrated
little to no
critical thinking
in determining
the research
questions and
test
hypotheses.
20 points
Statistical tools
were
constructed
correctly and
strongly
supported the
discussion.
18 points
(16-18 points)
Statistical tools
were
constructed
correctly and
generally
supported the
discussion.
15 points
(12-15 points)
Statistical tools
were
constructed
correctly and
but did not
support the
discussion.
11 points
(0-11 points)
Statistical tools
were not
constructed
correctly but
did not
support the
discussion.
6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…
https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 2/4
Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement
Inadequate/Faili ng
Criterion Score
Discussion of
findings
/ 2020 points
Demonstrated
clear, insightful
critical thinking
in the
Discussion of
the findings.
19 points
(16-19 points)
Demonstrated
competent
critical thinking
in the
Discussion of
the findings.
15 points
(12-15 points)
Demonstrated
limited critical
thinking in
Discussion of
the findings.
11 points
(0-11 points)
Demonstrated
little to no
critical thinking
in the
Discussion of
the findings.
6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…
https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 3/4
Total / 75
Criteria Excellent Competent Needs Improvement
Inadequate/Faili ng
Criterion Score
Grammar,
Spelling,
Length, and
Citation
/ 1515 points
Sentence
structure is
complete with
correct
spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization,
varied diction,
and word
choices.
Assignment
length is
correct with
sources
correctly cited.
14 points
(12-14 points)
Sentence
structure has
minor errors
(fragments,
run-ons) with
correct
spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization,
and limited
diction and
word choices.
Assignment
length is
correct with
sources
correctly cited.
11 points
(9-11 points)
Sentence
structure has
several errors
in sentence
fluency with
multiple
fragments/run-
ons; poor
spelling,
punctuation,
and/or word
choice.
Assignment
length is
inappropriate
with several
format and
citation errors.
8 points
(0-8 points)
Sentence
structure has
serious and
persistent
errors in
sentence
fluency,
sentence
structure,
spelling,
punctuation,
and/or word
choice.
Assignment
length is
inappropriate
with several
format and
citation errors
or sources not
cited.
6/11/22, 8:21 AM Preview Rubric: 6.2 Assignment: Analysis of Variance and Chi Square Analysis (75 points) – 3SU2022 Data Analytics & Research (BADM-707…
https://brightspace.indwes.edu/d2l/lp/rubrics/preview.d2l?ou=165060&rubricId=518404&originTool=quicklinks 4/4
Overall Score
Excellent 69 points minimum
Competent 62 points minimum
Needs Improvement 54 points minimum
Inadequate/Failing 0 points minimum
,
ncbirths
| fage | mage | mature | weeks | premie | visits | marital | gained | weight | lowbirthweight | gender | habit | whitemom |
| 13 | younger mom | 39 | full term | 10 | not married | 38 | 7.63 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 14 | younger mom | 42 | full term | 15 | not married | 20 | 7.88 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 19 | 15 | younger mom | 37 | full term | 11 | not married | 38 | 6.63 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 21 | 15 | younger mom | 41 | full term | 6 | not married | 34 | 8 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white |
| 15 | younger mom | 39 | full term | 9 | not married | 27 | 6.38 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 15 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 19 | not married | 22 | 5.38 | low | male | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 18 | 15 | younger mom | 37 | full term | 12 | not married | 76 | 8.44 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 17 | 15 | younger mom | 35 | premie | 5 | not married | 15 | 4.69 | low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 16 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 9 | not married | 8.81 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white | ||
| 20 | 16 | younger mom | 37 | full term | 13 | not married | 52 | 6.94 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 30 | 16 | younger mom | 45 | full term | 9 | not married | 28 | 7.44 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white |
| 16 | younger mom | 42 | full term | 8 | not married | 34 | 8.81 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white | |
| 16 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 4 | not married | 12 | 6 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 16 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 12 | not married | 30 | 7.13 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white | |
| 21 | 16 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 15 | not married | 75 | 7.56 | not low | female | smoker | white |
| 16 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 7 | not married | 35 | 6.88 | not low | male | smoker | white | |
| 14 | 16 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 12 | not married | 9 | 5.81 | not low | female | smoker | white |
| 16 | 16 | younger mom | 24 | premie | 5 | not married | 12 | 1.5 | low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 20 | 17 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 8 | not married | 20 | 8.25 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 18 | 17 | younger mom | 37 | full term | 10 | not married | 39 | 6.19 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white |
| 17 | younger mom | 39 | full term | 10 | not married | 40 | 7 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 20 | 17 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 17 | not married | 38 | 7.19 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white |
| 20 | 17 | younger mom | 39 | full term | 9 | not married | 36 | 6 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 17 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 15 | not married | 20 | 7.63 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 26 | 17 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 11 | not married | 30 | 9.5 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 17 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 12 | not married | 30 | 5.56 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 17 | younger mom | 39 | full term | 12 | not married | 50 | 7.5 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 20 | 17 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 10 | not married | 68 | 7.44 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 31 | 17 | younger mom | 39 | full term | 12 | not married | 27 | 7.56 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white |
| 17 | 17 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 12 | not married | 22 | 6.06 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 17 | younger mom | 42 | full term | 8 | not married | 72 | 7.44 | not low | male | smoker | white | |
| 19 | 17 | younger mom | 36 | premie | 15 | not married | 25 | 7 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 20 | 17 | younger mom | 29 | premie | 6 | not married | 35 | 4.56 | low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 17 | 17 | younger mom | 29 | premie | 4 | not married | 10 | 2.63 | low | female | nonsmoker | not white |
| 19 | 17 | younger mom | 35 | premie | 3 | not married | 30 | 6.38 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white |
| 18 | 17 | younger mom | 35 | premie | 12 | not married | 25 | 7.25 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 18 | 17 | younger mom | 31 | premie | 6 | not married | 1 | 1.56 | low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 18 | younger mom | 42 | full term | 15 | not married | 27 | 7.44 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white | |
| 28 | 18 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 15 | not married | 30 | 6 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white |
| 28 | 18 | younger mom | 41 | full term | 10 | not married | 11 | 6.5 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white |
| 20 | 18 | younger mom | 43 | full term | 8 | not married | 50 | 7.31 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white |
| 18 | younger mom | 41 | full term | 6 | not married | 41 | 7.88 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 25 | 18 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 6 | married | 20 | 6.19 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white |
| 20 | 18 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 6 | not married | 48 | 7 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 23 | 18 | younger mom | 37 | full term | 6 | married | 35 | 5.81 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 21 | 18 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 16 | not married | 40 | 7.44 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 21 | 18 | younger mom | 41 | full term | 10 | not married | 30 | 7.75 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 24 | 18 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 15 | married | 57 | 8 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 20 | 18 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 11 | not married | 28 | 6.63 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 20 | 18 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 13 | not married | 60 | 8.31 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white |
| 21 | 18 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 12 | not married | 7.25 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 21 | 18 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 13 | not married | 10 | 5.5 | low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 25 | 18 | younger mom | 42 | full term | 11 | not married | 35 | 7.81 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white |
| 20 | 18 | younger mom | 41 | full term | 9 | not married | 18 | 7 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white |
| 21 | 18 | younger mom | 37 | full term | 15 | not married | 23 | 7.31 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white |
| 18 | younger mom | 39 | full term | 8 | not married | 26 | 9.06 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 18 | 18 | younger mom | 40 | full term | not married | 32 | 6.56 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 20 | 18 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 14 | married | 56 | 5.88 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white |
| 18 | 18 | younger mom | 39 | full term | 11 | not married | 60 | 6.63 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white |
| 21 | 18 | younger mom | 41 | full term | 13 | not married | 28 | 9.06 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white |
| 18 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 12 | not married | 13 | 8.75 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 22 | 18 | younger mom | 39 | full term | 14 | not married | 23 | 7.06 | not low | female | nonsmoker | not white |
| 18 | younger mom | 39 | full term | 0 | not married | 15 | 6.88 | not low | male | nonsmoker | not white | |
| 23 | 18 | younger mom | 37 | full term | 4 | not married | 5.94 | not low | male | nonsmoker | white | |
| 20 | 18 | younger mom | 41 | full term | 14 | not married | 8.56 | not low | female | nonsmoker | white | |
| 24 | 18 | younger mom | 40 | full term | 14 | married | 47 | 7.06 | not low | female | smoker | white |
| 20 | 18 | younger mom | 38 | full term | 15 | not married | 50 | 8.06 | not low | female | smoker | white |
| 18 | younger mom | 44 | full term | 15 | not married | 17 | 7.44 | not low | male | smoker | white | |
| 25 | 18 | younger mom | 41 | full term | 17 | married | 33 | 7.88 | not low | male | smoker | white |
