Clinical psychology refers to the application
Clinical psychology refers to the application of psychological principles and theories in the assessment and treatment of individuals diagnosed with mental health problems. Social skills training is one of the primary treatment models used for individuals diagnosed with mental retardation and developmental disabilities. Part of this treatment methodology focuses on providing individuals with opportunities to experience various social encounters or events through pre-event rehearsals and role-plays conducted by trainers.
- Describe the principles or theories in social psychology that are utilized in clinical psychology.
- Explain how social skills training be used to treat individuals diagnosed with depression or anxiety?
- Explain how social skills training can be used to train individuals having problems related to social anxiety.
Justify your answers with appropriate reasoning and research from your text and course readings. Comment on the postings of at least two peers and provide an analysis of each peer’s postings while also suggesting specific additions or clarifications for improving the discussion question response.
to support your work, make sure to utilize your course and text readings. When asked utilize outside sources. As in all assignments make sure to cite your sources in your work and provide a reference for that citation utilizing APA format.
Week 10 discussion
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Sonia Zambiasi-Vines posted May 25, 2022 3:54 PM
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The principles and theories in social psychology that are utilized in clinical psychology include:
· Promoting internal changes by changing a person’s external behavior: the theory here is that a person’s inner well-being will change when their external behavior changes (Myers & Twenge, 2018, p. 442)
· Breaking cycles of negative thinking about one’s own behavior: a change in environment, cognitive training, and reversing negative thoughts can break a person’s cycle of negative, thought processes – this is where social skills training can be useful
· Making improvements not about treatment, but rather about your own self-control: it helps to believe that you can make changes yourself to improve, rather than rely solely on external programs
Social skills training can be used to treat individual diagnosed with depression or anxiety because it can increase a person’s confidence in social situations. Once a person has managed to do well in a social situation, they may see themselves as competent at being social, and be happier overall, and feel less nervous/anxious in the situations (Myers & Twenge, 2018, p.443). Overall, it can help break the cycle of feeling depressed because the person is having healthy experiences, and they can stop thinking of themselves as being ‘bad’ in social environments.
Social skills training can be used to train individuals having problems related to social anxiety because it can help a person feel less self-conscious and shy. If a person doubts their own ability to impress other people, it can lead to social anxiety. If they use skills training to overcome anxiety, they may feel more confident.
References:
M)yers, D., & Twenge, J. (2018). Social psychology (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill . ISBN: 9781259911040.
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Week 10 Discussion
Viviana Gonzalez Marquez posted May 25, 2022 7:21 AM
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Social Psychology methods and theories can have a major impact on mental illness in three main areas: the basic behavioral process of mental illness and how emotions motivation and social interaction are affected by mental illness. (Tashiro & Mortensen,2006).
Social skills training may help people that suffer from anxiety by observing and then practicing new behavior in a safe situation, the person may be able to create confidence and behave correctly in similar situations. When the person begins to enjoy the reward of behaving more skillfully, they may be able to develop a more positive self-perception. Social skills training may help to break the vicious cycle of depression using positive experiments that change self-perception and changing negative thought patterns (Myers, 2018 )
People that have social anxiety can benefit from skill training because it will teach them how to behave and react in a new situation that makes them feel anxious and will give them the chance to practice before they go and face it in real life. For example, college students that feel nervous and shy around women and are not capable to approach them or talk to them were taken to a lab on two different days have conversations with 6 women, this help the participant to grow their confidence and they report to feel less anxious when he was around women, and this gave them the confidence to eventually dare to date women.
References
Tashiro, T., & Mortensen, L. (2006). Translational Research: How Social Psychology Can Improve Psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 61(9), 959–966.
Myers, D. (2018). Social Psychology (13th Edition). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/books/9781260140569
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The Future of Social Psychology.html
The Future of Social Psychology
The influx of technology in people’s life has impacted the social world greatly. For example, the introduction of radio in the early twentieth century and the introduction of television later made people feel they connected to the rest of the world. However, since the last decade, the effect of these forms of technology has paled before the impact of interactive media on consumers. The first great interactive media influence was observed after the introduction of the Internet in the early 1990s.
The consumer's thirst for information over the Internet spurred other technologies to utilize this form of media. This resulted in hand-held storage and communication devices that are fully integrated with both Internet and telephone services. Today, hand-held devices can store large amounts of information, stream videos, and browse the Internet any time, from any place. However, these technological advancements have caused a decline in personal interaction between individuals.
Considering the technological advancements in clinical psychology, some of the common questions arising are:
- Have these technological advancements and the apparent decline in personal interaction affected the attitudes and beliefs of individuals?
- Has the introduction of technology changed the perspective of cultural norms in individuals?
- Have these technological advancements improved or inhibited individuals' self-esteem or self-efficacy?
- Has technology impacted the way individuals interact and live?
These are some of the fascinating topics social psychology examines today and will continue to study in future.
Technology comes with a price, and people are willing to pay the price for the latest technologies. For instance, look at the frenzy caused by the introduction of the iPhone and the frustration people went through when the WII gaming console was in short supply. This demonstrates that the new-age consumer is not only strong but also evolving and growing with time.
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Applied Social Psychology.html
Applied Social Psychology
How do you define mental illness? In the early twentieth century, there was no clear method of describing a mental illness. Often, it depended on the medical practitioner treating the patient. This situation changed after the American Psychiatric Association developed the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) in the early 1950s, with the latest edition (5th ed.) published in 2013. The DSM-V is built on the use of a common set of symptoms to describe each mental disorder. Mental health service providers, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers, use the diagnoses found in the DSM-5 to describe an established set of symptoms for that diagnosis.
According to the DSM-5, a diagnosis of mental illness is not just based on observed symptoms; it is also based on how an individual interacts with the environment, or more specifically, how an individual is able to function in the environment.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Additional Materials
View the PDF transcript for Examples Levels in DSM-5 Diagnosis
View the PDF transcript for Major Aspects of Psychotherapy
View the PDF transcript for Social Psychology Techniques
media/week10/SUO_PSY3010 Examples Levels in DSM-5 Diagnosis.pdf
Examples: Levels in DSM-5 Diagnosis
PSY3010 Social Psychology
©2016 South University
2 Examples: Levels in DSM-5 Diagnosis
Applied Social Psychology
Examples: Levels in DSM-5 Diagnosis
Some of the examples demonstrating the importance of understanding social interactions and how they show individuals’ ability to function in their own environment are as follows:
Example 1: An individual diagnosed with schizophrenia would need to exhibit a set of symptoms to be diagnosed with that illness. These symptoms include self-reported or observed behaviors such as hallucinations, disorganized speech, delusions, and grossly disorganized behaviors. These symptoms are only part of the criteria for diagnosis as there are other symptoms affecting major areas of functioning in an individual.
“For a significant portion of time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas, such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, is markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset (or when the onset is in childhood or adolescence, there is failure to achieve expected level of interpersonal, academic, or occupational functioning)” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Example 2: Intellectual disability (formerly known as mental retardation) is diagnosed when there are deficits in intellectual functioning and onset is during the developmental period. It also includes, as part of the diagnosis, a statement of functioning:
“Deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life, such as communication, social participation, and independent living, across multiple environments, such as home, school, work, and community.” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
PSY3010 Social Psychology
©2016 South University
3 Examples: Levels in DSM-5 Diagnosis
Applied Social Psychology
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-5 (5th
ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
PSY3010 Social Psychology
©2016 South University
4 Examples: Levels in DSM-5 Diagnosis
Applied Social Psychology
© 2016 South University
media/week10/SUO_PSY3010 Major Aspects of Psychotherapy.pdf
Major Aspects of Psychotherapy
PSY3010 Social Psychology
©2016 South University
2 Major Aspects of Psychotherapy
Applied Social Psychology
Major Aspects of Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy—treatment of individuals using psychological techniques—has long been focused on treating a set of symptoms based on a set of dysfunctional behaviors. The term "dysfunctional" implies that there are behaviors significantly disrupting an individual's everyday functioning. In reality, psychotherapy is just one part of a larger multidisciplinary approach for treating mental illness. For instance, an individual diagnosed with mood disorder or a psychosis doesn't present only that disorder for treatment. Often, the individual also has a multitude of issues related to the disorder, including medical issues (such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, asthma, neuropathies, migraine headaches, and epilepsy) or economic, social, and environmental issues (such as crime; poverty; or issues related to peer groups, work, job, or school).
Over the years, advancements in medicine and social sciences have provided a wealth of information. However, psychotherapy requires more collaboration from different disciplines to provide effective treatment.
The underlying theories supporting the processes of psychotherapy are based on common factors such as past experiences and how they affect individual actions. More precisely, learning is the key component of therapy. Learning itself is a continual process of adaptation and generalization. The ability to learn new routines is aided by the capacity of an individual to both discriminate and generalize actions from past routines (schemas).
One of the major challenges for therapists is to realize that individuals have different set of experiences and there are several factors such as cultural traditions that might impact the success of treatment. The reason for this is that both therapists and recipients of therapy (consumers) bring some part of their own cultural viewpoints to the therapy sessions. Conflict occurs when there is an incompatibility between the viewpoints of therapists and consumers. Therefore, to make the treatment effective, therapists must understand the diversity of people undergoing treatment. In some situations, therapists should even refrain from offering services if the incompatibility between therapists and consumers is too large.
PSY3010 Social Psychology
©2016 South University
3 Major Aspects of Psychotherapy
Applied Social Psychology
© 2016 South University
media/week10/SUO_PSY3010 Social Psychology Techniques.pdf
Social Psychology Techniques
PSY3010 Social Psychology
©2016 South University
2 Social Psychology Techniques
Applied Social Psychology
Social Psychology Techniques
As discussed earlier, social psychology theories and principles play a significant role in applied psychology. For instance, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is Trauma and Stressor Related disorder based on an individual's experience with traumatic events. In such disorders, individuals have reoccurring and intrusive recollections of the events that have significantly impaired aspects of their daily functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
One of the ways to treat PTSD, in conjunction with other forms of treatment such as psychotherapy, is through coping skills training (a type of social skills training). Coping skills training helps individuals deal with life stressors ranging from self-esteem and self-efficacy issues to more extreme forms of generalized anxiety. The basic premise of coping skills training is individuals may react to stressors (e.g., too many people in a room, unfamiliar places, and social events) in a manner out of proportion to what could be considered as a normal reaction to the event or interaction. Coping skills training uses several techniques to improve the skills of individuals. For instance, trainers desensitize the trauma of an event by first introducing less stressful events and then coaching the individuals to deal with the events by guiding them through the events. This technique has proved to be effective in many cases of PTSD.
Until this point, you examined the clinical application of social psychology principles to diagnose and treat mental illness. However, there is another part of psychology focusing on the proactive health of individuals. Psychological well-being is just as important as physical well-being. Some of the proactive approaches to psychological health include training and support services. In the workplace, there are incentives to participate in wellness programs, such as programs enabling employees to quit smoking or reduce weight. Although these programs are part of employees' physical well-being, they also include a strong psychological health component. For instance, overeating and smoking are related to how individuals react to issues such as stress or coping skills deficits.
PSY3010 Social Psychology
©2016 South University
3 Social Psychology Techniques
Applied Social Psychology
© 2016 South University
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Consumerism.html
Consumerism
The term "consumerism" refers to equating personal happiness with consumption and purchase of material possessions. The evolution of consumerism has fascinated social psychologists for quite some time now.
Consumerism relies on a different type of economy—expanding across national boundaries. Countries like China and the United States, once in a bitter Cold War mentality, now have economic relations rivaling those of any political allies. The question is, whether the economy of a place influences an individual's attitude and behavior regarding the roles of others in breaking down stereotypes; or do attitude and prejudice in an individual still exist as strongly? These are some of the areas social psychology will continue to investigate.
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