Good Day Writer, Please see the attached assign
Good Day Writer,
Please see the attached assignment instructions. If you have any questions or concerns, please let me know.
Evidence Analysis and Key Functions of Academic Writing
James Goggans
Trident University
Instructor: Dr. Maria Luque
MHS504 Scholarly Writing in the Health Sciences
1 May 2022
Part I
List of References
Alamin, S., Allahyari, T., Ghorbani, B., Sadeghitabar, A., & Karami, M. T. (2020). Failure in identity building as the main challenge of infertility: a qualitative study. Journal of reproduction & infertility, 21(1), 49.
Gipson, J. D., Bornstein, M. J., & Hindin, M. J. (2020). Infertility: a continually neglected component of sexual and reproductive health and rights. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(7), 505.
Gleason, J. L., Shenassa, E. D., & Thoma, M. E. (2019). Self-reported infertility, metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular events: a cross-sectional analysis among US women. Fertility and sterility, 111(1), 138-146.
Greil, A. L., Slauson-Blevins, K. S., Lowry, M. H., & McQuillan, J. (2020). Concerns about treatment for infertility in a probability-based sample of US women. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 38(1), 16-24.
Murugappan, G., Li, S., Alvero, R. J., Luke, B., & Eisenberg, M. L. (2021). Association between infertility and all-cause mortality: analysis of US claims data. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 225(1), 57-e1.
Öztürk, R., Bloom, T. L., Li, Y., & Bullock, L. F. (2021). Stress, stigma, violent experiences, and social support of us infertile women. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 39(2), 205-217.
Rangel, E. L., Castillo-Angeles, M., Easter, S. R., Atkinson, R. B., Gosain, A., Hu, Y. Y., … & Kim, E. (2021). Incidence of infertility and pregnancy complications in US female surgeons. JAMA Surgery, 156(10), 905-915.
Sadecki, E., Weaver, A., Zhao, Y., Stewart, E. A., & Ainsworth, A. J. (2022). Fertility trends and comparisons in a historical cohort of US women with primary infertility. Reproductive health, 19(1), 1-11.
Schlegel, P. N., Sigman, M., Collura, B., De Jonge, C. J., Eisenberg, M. L., Lamb, D. J., … & Zini, A. (2021). Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I. The Journal of Urology, 205(1), 36-43.
Part II: Functions of Academic Writing
Describing-Photosynthesis in Plants
Photosynthesis is a process that plants and other organisms undergo to produce food in the form of sugars from water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide.
There are four main steps involved in the process;
The first process is light absorption, which involves the chlorophylls attached to the proteins absorbing light. The light energy absorbed in this stage is used to remove electrons from electric donors, such as water to form oxygen. These electrons are then transferred to quinine, a primary electron acceptor.
The second step is electron transfer. At this stage, electrons are further transferred from the primary electron acceptor to the final acceptor, usually NAPD+. When the electrons are transferred through the membrane, the protons are pumped out of the membrane, leading to a proton gradient that occurs across that membrane (Evans & Clarke, 2019). The protons will then move to the stroma from the thylakoid lumen to generate ATP.
Lastly, carbon fixation involves the provision of energy by the NADP and ATP generated from the second step. The carbon fixation stage also involves the reduction of carbon into carbon sugar molecules by the electrons that drive photosynthesis. The first steps do not depend on light, therefore termed dark reactions.
Comparing and Contrasting: Breathing and Respiration
People confuse the terms respiration and breathing ad often refer to breathing as respiration and vice versa. However, the two processes are entirely different, though interrelated body processes. As interrelated but different processes, breathing and respiration share similarities and differences, as discussed in subsequent paragraphs.
The first similarity is that they both involve taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Another similarity is that both processes are important for survival, and when breathing or respiration comes to an end, the organism's life has also come to an end. It is also notable that breathing in provides the component required for respiration to take place: oxygen molecules, and breathing out involves getting rid of carbon dioxide produced through respiration.
As much as the terms may seem synonymous, they are significantly different in some ways. Breathing is a basic biological process of taking in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide and involves the windpipe, the nose, and the lungs. On the other hand, respiration is a chemical process that takes place in the cell, involving bringing oxygen to the lungs so that it is carried to the cells (Chu et al., 2022). When these cells break down glucose, they generate energy that the cells use for different body functions. In terms of process occurrence, breathing occurs in the lungs and involves the mouth, nose, and pharynx. Respiration, on its part, takes place in the cells.
The type of process may be voluntary or involuntary for the case of breathing, but respiration is always involuntary. For example, a person will breathe involuntarily during sleep, but one may breathe voluntarily as a relaxation technique during singing or speaking. Since respiration is a chemical process, it must be involuntary all the time (Li et al., 2020). There is no energy production in breathing as the process involves taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. On the other hand, respiration leads to energy production in the form of ATP. Lastly, whereas no enzymes s used during breathing, many enzymes are used during respiration.
References
Evans, J. R., & Clarke, V. C. (2019). The nitrogen cost of photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70(1), 7-15.
Chu, R., Li, R., Wang, C., & Ban, R. (2022). Production of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) by Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology.
Li, J., Long, Y., Yang, F., & Wang, X. (2020). Respiration‐driven triboelectric nanogenerators for biomedical applications. EcoMat, 2(3), e12045.
,
Annotated Bibliography
James Goggans
Trident University
Instructor: Dr. Maria Luque
MHS504 Scholarly Writing in the Health Sciences
1 May 2022
Rangel, E. L., Castillo-Angeles, M., Easter, S. R., Atkinson, R. B., Gosain, A., Hu, Y. Y., … & Kim, E. (2021). Incidence of infertility and pregnancy complications in US female surgeons. JAMA Surgery, 156(10), 905-915.
The study shows that female surgeons have higher chances of experiencing infertility issues. The issues may result from delayed training and the complex nature of their work. The study also showed that female surgeons who operate more than 12 hours a week are more likely to experience pregnancy complications. The study is relevant because it highlights the increased risks of infertility in a specific population, female male surgeons. The article is credible because it is current and was authored by authoritative professionals. They are affiliated with the departments of surgery, obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pediatric surgery in different hospitals.
Gleason, J. L., Shenassa, E. D., & Thomas, M. E. (2019). Self-reported infertility, metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular events: a cross-sectional analysis among US women. Fertility and sterility, 111(1), 138-146.
The research sought to establish the relationship between metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular issues, and infertility. The article, which acknowledges infertility as a serious public health concern, concludes that women who experience infertility at any point in their lives are likely to experience cardiovascular health issues later. The article is relevant because it establishes the long-term effects of infertility. The article's authors are credible and are affiliated with the departments of family science, epidemiology and biostatistics, and public health at the University of Maryland.
Greil, A. L., Slauson-Blevins, K. S., Lowry, M. H., & McQuillan, J. (2020). Concerns about treatment for infertility in a probability-based sample of US women. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 38(1), 16-24.
There are concerns that women who experience infertility have distressing life experiences. Research also shows that only half of US women seek medical services concerning infertility. The study showed that treatment concerns are associated with general distress and fertility-specific challenges. It is a study that assesses the role and effectiveness of the treatment of the issue. The study helps ascertain whether current treatment approaches are working to address the issue or not. The study is current since it was published in 2019 and has been authored by credible authors affiliated with Old Dominion and Alfred Universities.
Sadecki, E., Weaver, A., Zhao, Y., Stewart, E. A., & Ainsworth, A. J. (2022). Fertility trends and comparisons in a historical cohort of US women with primary infertility. Reproductive health, 19(1), 1-11.
The research shows that the prevalence of infertility continues to increase in the USA. The study also shows that women experiencing primary infertility have unique demographic characteristics compared to others. They are more likely to be married, educated, and using barrier contraception. The women are also less likely to be smokers. The study is relevant in understanding the socialization of women experiencing infertility in society. The study is also current and authored by credible professionals whose affiliations have been given by clicking their names. The article is also published on a more prominent professional website, Reproductive Health which publishes content on human reproduction.
Alamin, S., Allahyari, T., Ghorbani, B., Sadeghitabar, A., & Karami, M. T. (2020). Failure in identity building as the main challenge of infertility: a qualitative study. Journal of reproduction & infertility, 21(1), 49.
The study reveals that identity crisis which is based on the experiences of infertile people and their social construction in mind, has serious consequences. For example, women who feel they can only be accepted by society by having children may experience emotional and psychological torture compared to those who embrace issues such as fertility. The article further advocates for social support that will help build the identity of infertile people. The article is relevant because it helps in linking identity to infertility and advocating for social support. The article is published in a credible journal, the Journal of Reproduction and Infertility. The authors are also affiliated with credible faculties and research centers.
Murugappan, G., Li, S., Alvero, R. J., Luke, B., & Eisenberg, M. L. (2021). Association between infertility and all-cause mortality: analysis of US claims data. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 225(1), 57-e1.
The research poses that the consequences of infertility go beyond the pursuit of family building, as infertile women face increased risks of cancer, maternal morbidity, and other chronic diseases. Regardless of race, ethnic group, age, and economic status, these risks exist. The study is relevant because it reinforces the burden of the disease and its long-term impacts. The article is published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The authors are affiliated with the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Reproductive Health.
Öztürk, R., Bloom, T. L., Li, Y., & Bullock, L. F. (2021). Stress, stigma, violent experiences, and social support of us infertile women. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 39(2), 205-217.
Studies indicate that infertile women experience sociological and psychological stigma. In this study, the findings indicate that infertile women have experienced high levels of stress and emotional abuse in the US and other developed countries. The research also shows that infertile women are less likely to report violence than their fertile counterparts. The relevance of this study is its ability to ascertain that infertile women are vulnerable to stigma, and it is even worse than they cannot report.
Gipson, J. D., Bornstein, M. J., & Hindin, M. J. (2020). Infertility: a continually neglected component of sexual and reproductive health and rights. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(7), 505.
The article is a bulletin of the World Health organization and poses that it has been challenging to address infertility because of the little attention given to the issue. The article acknowledges that having a child is a wish for many and a fundamental component of life. The authors mention that failure to view fertility holistically has led o hampered efforts to address the issue. According to the authors, millions of people are affected by infertility, especially as society continues to experience adverse health effects and impede economic development. Infertile people also experience devastating social consequences, which include stigma and abandonment. The article is credible because it is published in the National Library of Medicine by the World Health Organization. The article also contains a list of credible sources which the information was drawn from.
Gipson, J. D., Bornstein, M. J., & Hindin, M. J. (2020). Infertility: a continually neglected component of sexual and reproductive health and rights. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(7), 505.
The article reports that TRIP13 has pathogenic variants that cause infertility in females. The variants also cause oocyte maturation arrest, leading to fertility in females. The dosage of the mutant, which can address infertility issues, is associated with human diseases. Therefore, as much as it has implications for infertility treatment, human beings' safety should be assessed first. The article is relevant in weighing the advantages and disadvantages of infertility treatment options. The article is authoritative because it is a bulletin of the World Health Organization and draws its statistics and research from credible sources evident in the bibliography list.
Schlegel, P. N., Sigman, M., Collura, B., De Jonge, C. J., Eisenberg, M. L., Lamb, D. J., … & Zini, A. (2021). Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I. The Journal of Urology, 205(1), 36-43.
The article poses that male infertility is a critical aspect of society. The health of patients and the consequences associated with male infertility should not be ignored. According to this article, detected male infertility increases the risk of other health problems among men. Further, the article poses that several medical conditions lead to infertility among men. The article is relevant because it addresses a possible cause of infertility in men, informing ways to approach infertility treatment. The article was published in the American Urological Association in the Journal of Urology and was recently updated, which makes it credible.
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