The cosmic question is: Why is it important to determine threats to internal validity in the quantitative study? This question offers a crucial aspe
The cosmic question is: Why is it important to determine threats to internal validity in the quantitative study? This question offers a crucial aspect in understanding the internal validity concept in research. Also, it covers an extensive portion of the content learned this week.
APA assignment example
Unmanaged hypertension increases a patient’s risk of developing life-threatening health complications like cardiovascular diseases like stroke and other diseases like kidney failure (Kjeldsen, 2018).
Kjeldsen, S. E. (2018). Hypertension and cardiovascular risk: general aspects. Pharmacological Research, 129, 95-99.
,
APA Assignment grading Rubric
|
APA Assignment grading Rubric |
% |
Total |
|
5 in-text citations formatted using current APA guidelines |
10% for each correctly cited in-text citation |
50% |
|
Reference list of 5 articles formatted using current APA guidelines |
10% for each correctly cited reference list |
50% |
|
Grand total |
100% |
,
Why didn’t I listen to the librarian?
NOTE:
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1
My Top 5 Pieces of Advice
1. Go to every class, even when you don’t feel like it.
2. Read your syllabus.
3. Professors want you to succeed, talk to them, ask questions, go to their office hours.
4. Do all the readings.
5. Prepare and plan.
Presentation Overview
Discuss basic elements of writing and research, including citation
Evaluate sources
Explore Library Databases Narrow/Refine; Tools/Features
Additional resources (LibGuides, OWL, etc)
End
On Writing
Research is formalized curiosity: Not too narrow, not too broad, topic resonates w/ you
Don’t underestimate time it takes to do proper research and find the right sources
Reminder: Always take preliminary passes at databases to refine/refocus future searches
Do not settle your argument before beginning research. Seeking sources that “prove” your argument leads to frustration and flawed research.
Reminder: Scholarly research on new (and often hyper specific) topics may not exist. Don’t get frustrated. Take a broader view and look for similar/related topics
Always ask your professor!
Does your source pass The CRAAP Test?
Currency
Relevance
Authority
Accuracy
Purpose
APA Basics
Set of rules & guidelines used to organize the content of a written work, cite references, and prepare a research paper or manuscript for publication in certain disciplines such as business, education, nursing, psychology, and sociology
Formatting: Double space your text, 1 inch margins, 12 pt. Times New Roman font
For Major Sections: Title Page (including running header); Abstract; Body; References
Main Body
Title – Centered, first letter of all major words capitalized. Do not bold, italicize, or underline
Introduction – Indent ½ inch for first paragraph and all following paragraphs. Present problem that your paper addresses
Headings – Organize body of paper for the reader. Level 1 header centered, bolded. Level 2 header flush left, bolded. Level 3 indented ½ inch, bolded.
Conclusion – “Conclusion” as Level 1 header; Restates problem addressed by your paper and offers areas for further research
Conventions
Privileges Research Currency
Active Voice
Avoid stereotypes, bias, and offensive language
Respect Intellectual Property
Collect & Report Data
Protect Research Participants
“When” is as important as “what”
Direct, concise language. Nouns and third-person pronouns. First person, active voice when appropriate.
Avoid dated labels, be specific, use gender neutral language, do not identify by condition/disability
See Slides on Citation & Plagiarism
Do not falsify or mislead; are your results replicable?
Informed Consent
Remember: Always ask your professor!
When Do I Cite?
Quoting and Paraphrasing
Quote: Taking author’s exact words. Enclose the author’s words in quotation marks with author’s name, year of publication and page number
Paraphrase: Taking author’s idea but restating it in your own words. You still need to cite, but you don’t have to enclose it in quotes. Just like the above, you can put the citation information together or split them up.
In-Text Citation Examples
QUOTE
Example A: “Students are most likely to cite correctly when a librarian uses a complicated in-joke from the 2002 film About Schmidt” (Reeves, 2018, p. 100).
Example B: Reeves (2018) found that “students are most likely to cite correctly when a librarian uses a complicated in-joke from the 2002 film About Schmidt” (p. 100).
PARAPHRASE
Example A: Librarians referencing old art house films out of context make it more likely that students will cite correctly in their work (Reeves, 2018, p. 100).
Example B: Reeves (2018) found that librarians referencing old art house films as a visual punchline make it more likely that students will cite correctly in their work (p. 100).
APA Reference List Example (Added by Dr. Bright)
Anderson, A. K. (2005). Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 154, 258-281
Anderson, A. K., Christoff, K., Panitz, D., De Rosa, E., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2003). Neural correlates of the automatic processing of threat facial signals. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 5627-5633
Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation and action. In P. J. Lang, R. F. Simmons, & M. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orientating: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97-135). Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
Anderson, A. K. (2005). Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 154, 258-281. doi:10.1037/00096-3445.134.2.258
Armony, J. L., & Dolan, R. J. (2002). Modulation of spatial attention by fear-conditioned stimuli: An event-related fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 40, 817-826. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932%2801%2900178-6
Don’t buy the same real estate twice: Be a good note taker
Take notes so that you can go back and easily source your word-for-word quotes and paraphrases
Use quotation marks for word-for word quotations
Double check word-for-word quotes for accuracy
Use in-text citations for each word-for-word quotation and any paraphrases
Use a corresponding reference for any word-for-word quotation or paraphrase
Organizing Notes: Quotes, Paraphrase/Ideas, “Me”
Use the citation feature in the online databases that Stratford gives you access to. Note, you always want to double check the citation for accuracy
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