From ‘read and work’word document find entity and attribute!!!!! ? Must be at least 7 fully normalized entities (appropriate rela
From "read and work"word document find entity and attribute!!!!!
Must be at least 7 fully normalized entities (appropriate relationships, primary keys, foreign keys, data types, comments on each attribute, proper naming conventions etc.).
make Logical Data Model and convert it to Relational Data Model.
Please least all business rules that you have considered for your database design.
Running Head: DATABASE DESIGN & MANAGEMENT 2
DATABASE DESIGN & MANAGEMENT 2
Executive Summary
The business selected for the case study report is Apple Inc. This is a company in the manufacturing industry whose headquarters are in California, US. The business is concerned with the manufacturing supply of consumer electronics. Because of the rising demand for business goods and services and competition from other companies, the business is facing challenges in addressing emerging issues in the manufacturing industry. Addressing the challenges raises has remained problematic because there is limited information. In this light, implementing a database solution is important because it will aid in gathering, managing, and sorting data from all aspects of the business. This will eventually facilitate the tasks the business has ventured into.
Business Case
Huang et al. (2018) define data management as “the process of ingesting, storing, organizing and maintaining the data created and collected by an organization.” When there is efficient management of data in an organization, the deployment of an IT system remains crucial. With IT systems in place, the provision of analytical information which can aid decision-making in the organization remains a success. Business managers and executives always find it easy to run and sustain the business. Data management is made up of diverse functions which collectively work together to ensure data availability in the cooperate IT systems is reliable, confidential, and accurate. The better part of the job needed is normally executed by IT teams. However, business users typically take part in decision-making.
Business Background
According to Ghobakhloo (2018), “manufacturing is the process of converting raw material and components into the final product to sell in the marketplace for public consumption”. Although there exist different categories in the manufacturing industry, the paper sought to examine a business under the electrical equipment industry. The business to be examined will be Apple Inc. Apple Inc. refers to an American multinational and technological firm concerned with electronic brands. The company’s headquarters are based in California. The core business of Apple Inc company is designing, manufacturing, developing, and selling consumer electronics, software, and also provision of online services. The business is ranked among the best and largest tech companies across the globe with more than 123,000 employees. The employees are distributed within 500 retail stores across the globe. The bestselling products of the company are iPhones smartphones and iPad tablets (NIK, 2019). The business model of Apple is based on innovation together with consumer-centric devices. The company has managed to remain relevant because of its ability to understand the dynamics of its customers and develop devices that can easily solve the challenges folks are facing. In addition, the company can develop gadgets and devices that are user-friendly and hence increasing their demand in the market.
Business Impact
Proper data management has helped Apple Inc. minimize potential errors that might have impacted the normal operations of the organization. Through data management, the business has been able to come up with policies that aid in building trust in the data that is being used in making crucial decisions within the organization. The positive impacts that Apple has undergone as a result of data management include but are not limited to; enjoying full access to high-quality data that has been used in the analysis of business operations. With high-quality data, the decisions that will be arrived at by the organization will remain viable and support the growth of the business. Second, the impact is ensuring that any available information has been maintained under provided regulations. Apple has been able to remain compliant in the broader manufacturing industry because of the presence of enough, quality and relevant data. The last impact is that the business has been able to establish the right architecture of data which is totally in line with the needs of the enterprise in the industry. It should be understood that further data analysis aids employees and management of Apple Inc find precisely what they are looking for and hence, addressing the issues they might be facing.
Database Solution
The benefit toBusiness Using Database Solutions
The utilization of database solutions in Apple, just like any other business comes with several benefits. This is in comparison with manual ways of managing data and utilization of alternative solutions to manage data. In the Apple business, the technology has been embraced in gathering, storing, and processing customers' and suppliers’ data. This has given the business an added advantage when it comes to understanding their competitors and addressing the needs of the customers. Below are the associated benefits to the business while making use of database solutions.
Reduction in the amount of time that business spends in collecting, storing, analyzing, and utilizing information about the business. Database solutions comprise database models which facilitate any process that ought to be executed. For example, the form, a database object is essential in collecting any form of information needed. Reports on the other hand are database objects which are used to display the results of any analysis of data. In this line, time-saving is a benefit when making use of database solutions in a business. The second benefit is an enhanced analysis of data in multiple ways (Dallman et al., 2018). Database solutions allow an analysis of data in multiple ways. Single task analysis of a business can be enhanced. Multi-task analysis of the business can also be done using database solutions. There are no limitations on what cannot be undertaken and what can be carried out. Hence, giving the business diverse solutions on which step to take during the decision-making process.
The third benefit is that the database solution is capable of turning a certain volume and disparate information into a valuable resource. For instance, when data about suppliers has been collected, it cannot be of great importance to the business if its impacts cannot be examined at every point. If a detailed analysis of such disparate data is undertaken, then the business can understand which suppliers’ areas require adjustments and how the emerging issues amongst suppliers can be addressed. Besides, the string areas of the suppliers can be identified as well and more effort channeled towards it to ensure that suppliers remain successful pillars of the business. The third benefit is upholding discipline when approaching the management of data. Database solutions offer systematic ways of managing data within the organization and business at large. There are certain aspects of information that can be accessed by every person in the business while there is certain information that is only accessed by the executive managers. This is made possible because a database can secure information. The utilization of the queried in the organization also ensures that any conditional data required has been addressed the best way possible. The last benefit to the business is enhancing the quality and the consistency of the information within the business (Dallman et al., 2018). The quality of business information is determined by how well the information addresses issues that are emerging in the organization. Consistency on the other hand is how relevant the information is to the business despite the changes that the organization is going through. Some businesses might not have enough resources to gather large volumes of information. Some might not be tech companies which comprise of employees that are informed about data management techniques. In such cases, database solutions have proved to be one of the most beneficial solutions that an organization can venture into.
Project Objectives
I. Facilitate the analysis of data to save on the resources and minimize wastage of business funds.
II. Enhance the automation of the tasks in the business while utilizing employees effectively.
III. Secure data gathered from all aspects of the business.
IV. Manage customer data to make them more productive in the business.
V. Manage employee and employer relationships to ensure that the business is stable whatsoever the challenges that might emerge.
Product scope
There exist different tasks that Apple's business will undertake to achieve the above-mentioned objectives. To facilitate the analysis of data and minimize resource wastage, the management must first produce reports on previous expenditures of the organization. Although this might be a time-consuming exercise, the spreadsheets about previous data management must be provided first so that comparison can be made possible (Dallman et al., 2018). The spreadsheet and manual reports available must be presented and the raw data digitized. In this way, determining how resources have been consumed and enhancing the analysis will remain an easy task.
The business ought to venture into some work just to ensure that employees are utilized maximumly and effectively. This can be attained through the training of all Apple employees n digital ways of managing data and information. Although some tech employees might be fully aware of ways through which data can be gathered and analyzed, it is vital to ensure that every person is informed. On the other hand, there exist high-tech employees who can mess up the business data if given permission (Dallman et al., 2018). Such employees should be deterred from directly accessing sensitive information within the organization. This is because they can choose to use the data for malicious purposes. Database security tools and features must be installed. This can be attained through educating employees on secure ways of managing data or even installing software that serves to secure data alongside the database solution. However, this majorly depends on which type of data segmentation is to be utilized.
Another serious work that needs to be done to ensure that the objectives are attained is keeping track of every customer data. There comes nothing more frustrating to customers than a result that is mixed up and which lies on wrong billings and or even delayed delivery of goods and services. The customer data should be collected equally as this will ensure that any move made towards decision-making remains a success. The tracking of the movement of goods and services within the organization will aid the determination of what is going on well and what is astray at any given time.
Assumptions and Constraints
Assumptions
There exist several assumptions associated with the utilization of database solutions. The first one is that database solutions gather accurate customer data. This is not always the case as people take it to be. When digitizing any form or data, the data is subject to several errors of different types (Wyszomirski & Gotlib, 2020). For example, truncation and syntax errors can be committed when entering data into a computer. This will imply that though the collection process would have been maintained, the accuracy of the data collected will be below. Hence, data gathered by database solutions are not always accurate.
The second assumption is proper management of business data when using database solutions. The appropriateness of data that has been collected depends on the skills that the employees require. There can be employees who do not have the skills to manage data within the business. The management of data in a business using database solutions is majorly based on the skills of managers and not on the fact that the solution is available or not. The assumption of data security when using database management tools is also rampant. It is obvious that when using database solutions, the software has several inbuilt features that like passwords that are used to ensure that the data gathered is secured whatsoever (Wyszomirski & Gotlib, 2020). This is not an issue to bank on and businesses should consider alternative data security measures to ensure that everything goes on well.
Constraints
There exist several constraints when it comes to the implementation of database solutions in a business. These include but are not limited to; the increased cost of hardware and software resources needed to ensure that everything goes on well as planned. The database requires high-speed processors because of the large amount of data that is to be stored, processed, and analyzed. Such processors can be costly within the organization. It should be noted that there are large volumes of data in every field therefore, the resultant data to be collected is voluminous. Secure software is also expensive to implement (Wyszomirski & Gotlib, 2020). The second constraint is the cost of staffing. Employees ought to be trained on how to make use of database solutions in their daily routine. Besides, database system designers are also needed to ensure that everything goes on well. Therefore, apart from existing employees to be trained more trained individuals also should be hired. In this regard, staffing turns out to be very costly. Complexity and cost of data conversion are other constraints that seriously hinders the implementation of database solution.
Major Deliverable, due dates, and acceptance criteria
|
Deliverable |
Due Dates |
Acceptance Criteria |
|
Proposals |
Before the project stars |
Must be able to point out solutions to data management in business. |
|
Associated costs and required resources |
After submission of proposal |
Must be within the business range. |
|
Design documents |
Two weeks after the launch of proposals |
Must give phase implementation strategies |
|
Technical interpretation |
Two weeks after provision of design documents |
Must be precise and easy to understand |
|
Design review |
After implementation |
Must review possible challenges occurring |
References
Dallman, T., Ashton, P., Schafer, U., Jironkin, A., Painset, A., Shaaban, S., … & Grant, K. (2018). SnapperDB: a database solution for routine sequencing analysis of bacterial isolates. Bioinformatics, 34(17), 3028-3029. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-abstract/34/17/3028/4961427
Goathood, M. (2018). The future of manufacturing industry: a strategic roadmap toward Industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JMTM-02-2018-0057/
Huang, Y., Chen, Z. X., Tao, Y. U., Huang, X. Z., & Gu, X. F. (2018). Agricultural remote sensing big data: Management and applications. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(9), 1915-1931. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311917618598
NIK SOH, N. N. (2019). AN ANALYSIS OF AN EXPLANATION OF APPLE INC. retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/97280
Obradović, T., Vlačić, B., & Dabić, M. (2021). Open Innovation in the manufacturing industry: A review and research agenda. Technovation, 102, 102221. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016649722100002X
Wyszomirski, M., & Gotlib, D. (2020). A Unified Database Solution to Process BIM and GIS Data. Applied Sciences, 10(23), 8518. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/905798
,
Executive Summary
Real estate is the most globally recognized industry. With the increasing demand for professional customer service to facilitate the transactions, real estate brokerage became one of the hottest businesses projected to solid growth post-pandemic. With the increasing number of agents, listings, and clients’ information, a seamlessly integrated database management system can facilitate agents in better helping clients and optimizing stakeholders’ profit. There are some pain points to operating a real estate firm and better data management will help businesses in relife those issues. To stand out from the highly competitive real estate industry, using different data to manage information and make an efficient decision is important. Agents are the people who really keep the business going. To better keep track of the business activities from each agent and assist them in helping clients is more and more difficult for the firm with large scales in size. Besides managing the agents, facilitating agents in managing the client’s relationship is critical to increasing closing rate and generating revenue. Understanding their client’s needs and better matching the right property for them is a fundamental element to the decided closing rate. The business relies on the client relationship, using data to analyze clients’ needs and knowing the customers better would help the firm in future growth and expansion. Properties’ listing is the inventory for a company, keeping track of each listing becomes more complicated when the company has more inventories, and adjusting the price for each property will increase the turnover rate as well as bring more profits for stakeholders. An OLAP database management system designed for real estate brokerage can help with the problems mentioned above by better storing, managing, and analyzing data from different perspectives.
Business case
Background: One of the mid-size real estate firms in New York City had unexpected growth last year because of the renounced real estate price after a year plummeting during the pandemic. They hired 40% more agents and opened 3 more franchises to help with company expansion, and their number of clients in the system doubled within the last year. The company is using a file system to manage clients’ information, each agent has their own page to keep track of their leads and the manager can review agents’ work in the same drive.
Database issues: Management now has issues in managing their agents, and agents are having trouble serving each of their clients better with the current system because of the scale of the company. Besides managing their agents’ performance, managing their listing is another problem. They realized the inventory turnover is much longer than before because the inexperienced new agents do not have a professional pricing strategy to list the property, and the closing rate is lower than expected with the longer than before negotiation length. The company needs technical help to better process their client information and make agents work more efficiently.
In a real estate brokerage, each agent has their own listing which can be shared within the entire company. Each transaction is associated with an agent, the company needs to keep track of agents’ performance to compensate them with different commission pay off percentages based on agents’ accumulated sales, but some of the agents said they received an incorrect amount last month. When the owner intends to sell or lease their property, the broker needs to identify a legit number which is attractive enough for owners and acceptable for buyers or renters. The company needs to assist its agents in pricing strategy to increase the inventory and decrease the turnover rate. There is always an optimized point for the property price to maximize profit and minimize the days on the market. From a customer experience perspective, the company received more feedback from clients regarding they are ignored by agents for a long time and the historical data reflect the closing rate is only 60% which is lower than other similar size brokerages in New York City. The database management system will keep track of all agents’ activity and each agent accounts to calculate commission for accounting purposes and will help agents with managing their own leads by increasing the engagement and interaction with clients.
Once the database system management is implemented, it will automatically calculate the agent’s payroll based on their performance. The company should be able to manage all agent’s accounts accurately and compensate them without errors. The manager will identify the regional top sales, where the hottest neighborhood, easily with OLAP. All property detailed information will be stored in the database, and the system will analyze historical data to provide an estimated price for the inexperienced agents when they list the new property at a reasonable price. For client relationship management, the system will help agents keep track of their leads and identify the most potential clients to increase the closing rate.
Project Objectives
The project will deliver a real estate company database management system to help manage the agents in the firm and help agents better assist their clients in increasing revenue. Since the seasonality of the real estate industry, to better test the efficiency for the new database system, the success criteria will be analyzed in one year period after the new system is implemented. The ultimate goal is to increase revenue for the business by 30% within one year by increasing the system efficiency. The system will decrease data inconsistency and redundancy to increase data entry errors and increase the efficiency of the company. The projected success details that facilitate we achieve our ultimate goal include:
Facilitating management decisions: The DBMS will improve data sharing within an organization. The new agents’ information can be easily added to the database, and the better integration will give managers a better view of the whole picture of the organization.
Maintaining the accounting accuracy by 100%. DBMS will increase the data inconsistency and help track agents’ commission in each transaction, calculate each agent's total commission, and deliver it to an accountant.
Increasing the closing rate by 20%. The most important reason the real estate deal cannot close is the agents’ lack of experience. The system will help agents identify the most valuable customer in the leads and set up follow-up reminders. It will also analyze the historical data from the previous listing to provide pricing strategies and optimize profits.
Increase the customer satisfaction rate by 20%. The DBMS system will transform more useful data into useful information, which helps companies know their customer better and provide better services for them.
Project scope
To create an all-functional information system to facilitate the real estate company in managing their employees and providing help to their employees in assisting their clients, the project is designing a database to represent the real-world business and activity. There are several steps to achieve the final objective that increase the company’s revenue.
In the first step, our group needs to understand the business needs and requirements based on the business’s current situation and available IT infrastructures. The new design needs to be compatible with the organization’s current system and can satisfy all stakeholder’s needs. Once we understand the structure we need to identify the entities and the relationship between each entity based on the business rules. To better structure the enterprise model, we need to identify the mandatory and optional relationships and connect with business rules. After the stakeholder approves the enterprise model and all suggestions are revised, we can move to the next stage to convert the model to a real database and implement it into the system. The project is not done until a year after the new system is implemented because maintenance is one of the most important stages in the project as well. We need to make sure the system is fully functional and able to achieve the ultimate goal.
Product scope
Our final product will be a database management system that helps the real estate company work more efficiently. It assists agents in understanding market trends, tracking their client’s leads. Managers can use the database to evaluate the performance of their agents by tracking the agent deals and commissions.
Managers of the company can access all the information about agents, such as all agents’ contact information, total revenue generated, which region the agent operates in, when the agent joins the company. They can get up-to-date information about what deal the agent is making. They can compare an agent's performance to agents in the same region to find out who is the region's top salesperson. They will decide payroll based on their sales performance.
All agents can access the client information about the client telephone, address, accumulative revenue generated from the client, whether they have a house on sale. It can help an agent identify which clients contribute most to profit and follow up on them.All agents can access the database from the user interface and add clients and housing information. It can be whether the house is for vacation or located in the city, how many hospitals and schools are near the house, crime rate, infrastructure condition, convenience level, etc. The pricing is determined by the agent who is dealing with this case, managers, and other experienced agents. They will give approximate pricing based on the neighborhood information and previous pricing of the house. Agents can access the database to read the approximate price to help decide the price of a house. When they actually sell the house, they add the actual price sold to the database.
Assumptions and Constraints:
To ensure the successful implementation of the project, there are some assumptions as a premise. Firstly, having a well-designed database is an indispensable factor, containing the latest and large enough data with clear internal structure for future prediction. In addition, the external environment should be relatively steady, which means that there is no abruptly huge change which will have a pretty great influence on our current social life, such as the financial crisis sweeping the world, large-scale natural disasters, the new virus which is highly contagious, and so forth.
However, there are still potential constraints during the process. The information asymmetry among the increasing number of agents is a challenge. Even though hiring 40% more agents can be effective for expansion, it also increases difficulty for setting up the well-designed database systems owing to the enormous data and various sources. That is to say, it will be more challenging to identify the primary key (PK) and foreign key (FK) of each entity within the database system, which contain unique data value respectively and maintain connection with each other. What’s more, how to avoid associated duplication of the consistency between agents and their properties is also a problem. Owing to the hiring of various agents on a large scale, the company needs to clearly organize the property scope managed by each agent in order to achieve efficient association in the database. Besides, even though setting up a relatively mature database system can improve the efficiency for prediction of home value compared with comparative market analysis (CMA), which is a traditional way for estimation in the real estate industry, it is still challenging to estimate automatically because of the rapidly changing environment as well as under special situation for the epidemic. Based on database systems, the quality of a prediction is dependent on the data it relies on. The greatest source of information about home value in real estate is generated mainly from MLS and tax records, which people can look for suitable houses as well as proper various agents by searching for the information recorded, such as locations, history, community safety, prices, conditions and so forth. And the pricing of each house depending on these factors is relatively subjective because of various standards. Therefore, it is somewhat difficult for databases to make automatic estimation combining these information for analysis to boost efficiency. In addition, the movement of people between and within countries has always been an important factor in real estate and the economy. Today, the world's economies and people face unprecedented mobility challenges because of the pandemic, which will further limit the expansion of the operations of real estate companies to a certain extent.
Major Deliverable, due dates, and acceptance criteria
Dividing the large project into small pieces can help the project stay on track. Our group sets up three milestones for the project to track the key events and updates as the project progresses. The timefrace (Appendix 1) gives stakeholders a better idea of our progress.
In the first stage of the project is conceptual design. The team needs to identify the main entities in the bu
Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers
Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.
Get ZERO PLAGIARISM, HUMAN WRITTEN ESSAYS
Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?
Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.
We write plagiarism Free Content
Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.
Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.
