Based on attached documents please answer below600 words Final Reflection Write a reflection about your journey in this course. I

JUDSON UNIVERSITY INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD

RISK ASSESSMENT FOR RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS

This protocol must be approved by the Judson University Institutional Review Board before data are collected. Please refer to the Judson University IRB Procedures and Policies manual available at www.judsonu.edu/irb.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: SATEESH KUMAR RONGALI Date : 02-27-2022

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Program or Department : Adult and conducting Education and Teaching

Supervising Professor : Dr. Olabisi Adenekan

Increasing AI Agriculture in Emerging Countries and Countries with Low Economy

Title of Proposed Research (from IRB application)

Read the following Risk Level Assessment Form (next page) and mark all items in each risk category that apply to your research. Record the totals from each category below:

No risk: ______4____ Minimum risk: ____5_____

Moderate risk: _______5___ High risk: _____0____

Be sure your IRB Application thoroughly describes the following:

If your research involves vulnerable populations, include the following in the IRB application.

1. In the research that will be done in this case, there will be no MINORS

2. The research in this case will not use subjects who are considered to be VULNERABLE TO “UNDUE INFLUENCE”.

3. Other “VULNERABLE POPULATIONS”: most of the data that has been collected in this case will be collected from different literatures that have been already done and the subjects or rather the participants that will be chosen will be selected randomly and will not be vulnerable in any way.

If the Principal Investigator is a student:

Signature of supervising professor ________________________________________

Date ____________________________

RISK LEVEL ASSESSMENT FORM

This checklist is provided to help researchers, reviewers, and the IRB to consider thoroughly the research proposal in light of the potential risk to human subjects and does not in itself determine the decision or recommendations of the IRB. It is not the intent of the IRB to use this risk level assessment tool to comment on the merits, quality, or design of the research beyond the potential risks to human subjects.

Based on your research purpose, population, and methods, check all items in each category that apply to your research, and indicate the totals on p. 1. It is not uncommon for items to be checked in multiple categories, and it may take only one risk factor to place the entire research project in a particular category. You may be able to justify the value of a research project being at a particular risk level, or you might describe procedures that reduce the potential impact of an acknowledged risk factor in your IRB application.

NO RISK LEVEL CRITERIA:

__yes. People will be observed randomly in a public place where there is no personal identification of subjects.

_no. Subjects are not aware of the observation and do not have direct contact with the researcher.

_yes. Only public information will be utilized, such as phonebooks, directories, or other widely published lists.

_yes. Data are collected without any identifying information. There is no possible or imaginable way to trace responses back to subjects.

_yes. Data will be used collectively in a statistical manner, and no one individual’s response can or will be tracked.

4 TOTAL for NO RISK

MINIMAL RISK LEVEL CRITERIA:

Yes. Subjects are interviewed or otherwise contacted to solicit participation.

Yes Inquiries are made regarding to basic identifying information such as age, gender, ethnicity, etc.

Yes. Subjects are asked to answer general questions regarding non-personal information.

Yes. Subjects are asked to give opinions or attitudes toward commonplace matters such as general trends or other benign topics.

Yes. The research will not in any way influence or affect the subject socially, psychologically, or spiritually.

No. The collection of required information will not take more than 4-5 minutes of the subject’s time.

5 TOTAL for MINIMAL RISK

MODERATE RISK LEVEL CRITERIA:

Yes. The subject is asked to reveal personal information regarding individual opinions, background, behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs.

Yes. Subjects will be selected to participate based upon a particularly unique characteristic or group membership (similar position, training, background)

No. Subjects will be selected to participate based on an extraordinary life experience.

No. Topics or questions raised are politically, emotionally, culturally, spiritually, or psychologically sensitive.

Yes. Individual or group presentations, phone calls, or questionnaires will be used to solicit participation in the research.

Yes. The research objective is not revealed at the outset to the subject in a direct and straightforward manner, such as research that requires that the subject be naïve regarding the research in order to participate objectively.

No. Subjects are required to reflect on their own behavior, values, relationships, or self in such a way that one might be influenced or affected, and/or anxiety or concern might be raised about the subject matter of the research.

No. The subject may have regrets, concerns, afterthoughts, or reactions to the research method after data collection is completed.

No. The subject may become tired, weakened, or be mentally or physically affected as a result of the research method.

No. The research may inconvenience subjects by causing a delay or intrusion into their routine or schedule.

Yes. Involvement in the research will require more than 5 but less than 60 minutes of the subject’s time (outside of normal learning activities if the study is conducted in a classroom.)

5 TOTAL for MODERATE RISK

HIGH RISK LEVEL CRITERIA:

No. Subjects are asked or led to reveal highly personal information in areas such as close relationships, trauma, sexuality, or potentially immoral, unethical, or illegal acts.

No. The topic or research methodology will raise issues that are highly charged politically, emotionally, culturally, psychologically, socially, or spiritually.

No. The research will involve minors who do not have the authority and/or ability to give fully informed consent to participate.

No. The research will intentionally, or by design, involve persons who may be of legal age yet who are dependent on others due to a chronic or crisis health concern, developmental delays, advanced age, a language barrier, and/or incarceration, which may impair the subject’s ability to give fully informed consent.

No. Subjects will be selected to participate based upon a particular diagnosis, disorder, or physical or mental health concern.

No. The subject is likely to be affected emotionally, socially, or psychologically through the research over the short and/or long term, to the extent that debriefing or other reparative interventions are built into the research design (not solely for preventative purposes).

No. The research design calls for deception of the subject at any level.

No. The research involves physical manipulation, contact or touching either with the researcher or between subjects, physical exercise, and/or any medical procedure.

No. The research itself or the information obtained from the subjects may have immediate and/or long term political, legal, economic, and/or social consequences for the subjects.

No. Involvement in the research will require more than 60 minutes of the subject’s time (outside of normal learning activities if the study is conducted in a classroom.) or significantly influence the person’s routine and/or activities.

0 TOTAL for HIGH RISK

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Principal Investigator:

Study:

APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF RESEARCH

Institutional Review Board

Principal Investigator

1. Principal Investigator:

a. Full name:	Sateesh Kumar Rongali
b. University department, program, and position:	EducationStudent
c. Email address:	[email protected]
d. Phone number:	913-406-9935

b. Co-Principal Investigator (if applicable):

a. Full name:
b. University department, program, and position:
c. Email address:
d. Phone number:

c. Person completing this application (if not PI):

a. Full name:
b. Email address:
c. Phone number:

d. If the PI is a student, the supervising professor or academic advisor:

a. Full name:	Dr. Olabisi Adenekan
b. Email address:	[email protected]
c. Phone number:

e. Has this study been approved by a committee?

f.

Yes

No

5. Submission Category (please check one):

Exempt – no human subjects involved

✔	Expedite – minimal risk to human subjects

Full Review – moderate to high risk to human subjects

6. Publication Audience:

Internal – research intended for teaching purposes only within courses at Judson University.

✔	Public – research may be published outside of Judson University.

Research Study Identification and Overview

1. Title of study:

Increasing AI Agriculture in Emerging Countries and Countries with Low Economies

2. Full description of the research, its objectives, methods, and what subjects will be asked to do.

This research study focuses on exploring the field of AI agriculture from an emerging countries’ standpoint. The goal of the research study is to understand the reason for the decline in agricultural productivity and popularity in emerging countries and exploring how AI agriculture can help them countries improve agricultural processes. The research study will also explore the major limitations that have impeded restricted the adoption of AI agriculture in these emerging countries. The main research methodology of the proposed research study will be document analysis that will identify the relevant themes in both historical and current peer-reviewed literary sources exploring the topics of AI agriculture, agriculture in emerging countries, and agricultural limitations./unclear sentence; long and cluttered; cut it down to at least half/ The In addition, the research study will also conduct qualitative interviews with to participants selected from the AI agriculture industry. To ensure that the research study is focused on emerging countries, the proposed All study will ensure that the document selection will be is strictly based on topic and thematic relevance, with due attention to ethical considerations surrounding the research. The participants for the interviews will be selected through snowball sampling.

3. Dates for conducting study:

This research will be conducted between march and June 2022. General logistics- literature analysis and participant identification, identifying literatures that are to be used- march to April 2022. Interviews – each participants not less than 5 minutes – April to May 2022 Transcription and coding – May to June 2022

4. Site(s) of study:

The research in this case will only be carried out in one location since the participants will be interviewed using calls and the literary reviews will be done from one common point.

5. Description of the population/subjects participating in the research study, recruitment of the subjects, and the criteria for inclusion as a participant of the study.

The target population for the research is the emerging countries and in this study is the Yunnan area in China and Nigeria in Africa. A group of 10 participants each from Yunnan and Nigeria would be interviewed and the data recorded and stored safely to protect the confidentiality and privacy of their information. Each participant would be asked for consent before engaging in the study. Due to the fact that the participants will be coming from different countries, there will be the need to have a translator due to language barrier. The researcher in this case will ensure that each participant who will not understand the common language being used will be given a translator who will help in ensuring that the communication is flowing. The translator will be very critical in this research as he/she will help in ensuring that the participants understand the questions that they are being asked and this will help them in responding to the same better. The proposed study uses sampling as a method for selecting the desired participants from the large pool of population. The participant selection will be conducted through snowball sampling because of the lack of field exposure of the AI agriculture field. The names and contacts of the participants in this case will be obtained anonymously and there will be no participant that will be used in the research that will have any close association with the researcher. This will specifically help in fulfilling the principle of justice. Collaboration with persons dealing with AI in the filled of agriculture shall improve on better access of data from the appropriate persons. The sample population will also be selected based in their farming experiences as this will add significance to the research value.

6. Identification of special subjects/ populations, if any, such as children and minors, pregnant women, cognitively-impaired persons, prisoners, traumatized and comatose patients, terminally ill persons, elderly, minorities.

There were no special subjects that will be used in this research. However participants who do have more experience when it comes to agriculture will be the ones who will be most suitable for this research as they will help in providing the content needed.

7. Full description of provisions to care for subjects where there is risk of physical or emotional research-related harm.

There will be no risk that is associated with the participant’s physical or emotional harm in the study and therefore there is no care that is needed to prevent this.

8. Description of confidentiality provisions and measures to protect the identity and privacy of subjects.

The identity of the subjects who will be participating in the research will be prevented in a way that only the answers that they will give to the question will be recorded, no name or any other identification form will be used.

9. Description of obtaining consent from subjects and, if the subjects are minors, obtaining consent from the child’s legal guardian.

Since the participants are not minors, the consent is obtained straight from them by first asking them if they wish to participate in the research or not.

10. Risk Assessment scores (taken from the Risk Assessment form).

No Risk: 4 Minimum Risk: 5 Moderate Risk: 5 High Risk:0

As principal investigator, I assure that the information provided is correct, that I will seek Judson University IRB approval for any substantive modifications in the research study, and that I will report to the IRB Chair promptly any incidents or anticipated problems that may occur during the course of the study that may affect subjects adversely or change the risks and benefits described.

Signature of principal investigator __________________________

Date of signature _____________________________

If the PI is a student:

Signature of supervising professor:

Date of signature:

Email the following documents to [email protected]

· This application saved as 1 Lastname IRB application

· Study proposal (if applicable) saved as 2 Lastname Proposal

· Completion certificate of ethics training saved as 3 Lastname Certificate

· Risk Assessment form saved as 4 Lastname Risk Assessment

· Instruments used in the study saved as 5 Lastname Instrument Name (repeat for additional instruments)

· Consent forms sent as WORD DOCUMENTS and saved as 6 Lastname Parent Consent, 6 Lastname Student Consent, 6 Lastname School Consent, as necessary

This study has been approved by Judson University’s Institutional Review Board.

Signature of IRB Chair ___________________________________

Date of signature ______________________________

1

4

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Informed Consent Form

I am conducting a study about the increasing use of artificial intelligence agriculture in different emerging countries and how the same can be used in the process of ensuring that as farmers there is an increase productivity by adopting this. I invite you to participate in this research. You were selected as a participant because you have knowledge on agriculture, and this will help in the process of ensuring that the knowledge that you give is information based. Please read this form and ask any questions you may have before consenting to be in the study. This study is being conducted by

Name of researcher : Sateesh kumar Rongali

Name of advisor : Dr. Olabisi Adenekan

Background Information:

This research study focuses on exploring the field of AI agriculture from an emerging country's standpoint. The goal of the research study is to understand the reasons for the decline in agricultural productivity and popularity in emerging countries and explore how AI agriculture can help these countries improve agricultural processes. The research study will also explore the major limitations that have impeded or restricted the adoption of AI in agriculture in these emerging countries. The main research methodology of the proposed research study will be document analysis, which will identify the relevant themes in both historical and current peer-reviewed literary sources exploring the topics of AI agriculture, agriculture in emerging countries, and agricultural limitations. The unclear sentence is long and cluttered; cut it down to at least half. In addition, the research study will also conduct qualitative interviews with participants selected from the AI agriculture industry. To ensure that the research study is focused on emerging countries, the proposed All studies will ensure that the document selection will be strictly based on topic and thematic relevance, with due attention to ethical considerations surrounding the research. The participants for the interviews will be selected through snowball sampling.

Procedures:

The target population for the research is the emerging countries, which in this study is the Yunnan area in China and Nigeria in Africa. A group of 10 participants each from Yunnan and Nigeria would be interviewed, and the data would be recorded and stored safely to protect the confidentiality and privacy of their information. Each participant would be asked for consent before engaging in the study. Specifically, each participant will be asked questions concerning the adoption of AI agriculture by an emerging country and what they think the effect of the same would have on agricultural production. The participants will be asked personal questions about their experience with agriculture and AI agriculture, and they will be expected to give honest responses to these questions. Some of the types of questions that the participants will be asked will be personal-related and discussion questions that will need explanations. All the responses will be recorded either by phone or video, and each interview will take an approximate time of 5–60 minutes per session. The main focus here is to obtain a participant pool from the agricultural domain that can provide relevant feedback regarding the quality of the input and to obtain as many relevant participants as possible.

Risks and Benefits of Being in the Study:

The study has some risks. First, since the interviews that are carried on participants are done virtually and via phone, the ability to know whether the participants are being honest or not is a risk that is associated with this. The second risk is the fact that since the primary data collection method is using literature reviews, it is sometimes hard to know the validity of the data that has been collected by the researchers of the studies that will be used in the process of collecting data in this case.

Confidentiality:

In any publications of the results, pseudonyms will be used in place of names of participants or locations. The records of this study will be kept private. In any sort of report I publish, I will not include information that will make it possible to identify you in any way. Research records will be kept secure; my Judson University research advisor and I will be the only people who will have access to the records. It is important to state that the videos and call records will be stored by Judson University and, after a period of 10 years, the records will be destroyed by crashing and burning them. Since the research in this case will be using videos and phone calls, the only thing that will be done to ensure that the participants give informed consent is by asking them questions on videos and telling them exactly what will happen in the research before it commences. This will help them know what they need, and everything here will be recorded.

· Video Recordings

Interviews may be video recorded for data analysis, and portions of recordings may be presented in a professional context. Although real names will not be used in presentations of the research, and responses will be treated with confidentiality to anyone outside of the project research staff, participants might be identifiable to people who recognize them in video recorded artifacts. Recordings will be kept until completion of degree and destroyed immediately thereafter. Please sign below if you are willing to have your image recorded. You may still participate in this study if you are not willing to have your image recorded this will be avoided. Any unintentional video recording(s) of you will be edited to blur their image, causing them to be unrecognizable to viewers.

_______________________________ ______________

Signature Date

· Audio Recordings

Interviews may be audio recorded for data analysis, and portions of recordings may be presented in a professional context. Although real names will not be used in presentations of the research, and responses will be treated with confidentiality to anyone outside of the project research staff, participants might be identifiable to people who recognize them in audio recorded artifacts. Recordings will be kept until completion of degree and destroyed immediately thereafter. Please sign below if you are willing to have the interview(s) audio recorded. You may still participate in this study if you are not willing to have the interview(s) audio recorded.

_______________________________ ______________

Signature Date

Voluntary Nature of the Study:

Your participation in this study is entirely voluntary. Your decision whether or not to participate will not affect your current or future relations with your employer or Judson University. If you decide to participate, you are free to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. Should you decide to withdraw from the study, data collected about you, or your students will only be used up to the point of your withdrawal.

Contacts and Questions

My name is SATEESH KUMAR RONGALI. You may ask any questions you have now and at any point through the research process. If you have questions, you may contact me at [email protected] You can also contact my advisor at [email protected]

You will be given a copy of this form to keep for your records.

Statement of Consent:

I have read the above information. My questions have been answered to my satisfaction. I give consent to participate in the study.

___________________________ ________________

Printed Name of Participant Date

___________________________ ________________ Signature of Study Participant Date

___________________________ ________________ Signature of Researcher Date

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1

Increasing AI Agriculture in Emerging Countries and Countries with Low Economy

Submitted by

Sateesh Rongali

A Proposed Study Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Doctor of Education/Philosophy in Leadership with a specialization in Computer Science

Judson University

Elgin, Illinois

02-11-2022

Abstract

This research study focuses on exploring the field of AI agriculture from an emerging countries’ standpoint. The goal of the research study is to understand the reason for the decline in agricultural productivity and popularity in emerging countries and exploring how AI agriculture can help them countries improve agricultural processes. The research study will also explore the major limitations that have impeded restricted the adoption of AI agriculture in these emerging countries. After providing a brief introduction into the current state of agriculture in emerging countries, the research study will list defines the core research questions that would drive the study. To gain further insights into agriculture in emerging countries and the limitations of AI adoption, the research study provides an in-depth literature review will that explore the literary sources focused on the relevant topics. The main research methodology of the proposed research study will be document analysis that will identify the relevant themes in both historical and current peer-reviewed literary sources exploring the topics of AI agriculture, agriculture in emerging countries, and agricultural limitations./unclear sentence; long and cluttered; cut it down to at least half/ The In addition, the research study will also conduct qualitative interviews with to participants selected from the AI agriculture industry. To ensure that the research study is focused on emerging countries, the proposed All study will ensure that the document selection will be is strictly based on topic and thematic relevance, with due attention to ethical considerations surrounding the research. The participants for the interviews will be selected through snowball sampling. In addition, the proposed study also provides brief insights into the expected limitations and ethical considerations surrounding the research. Through the research methodology, the proposed study aims to arrive at valid and reliable results that helps identify AI agricultural methods that can improve agricultural production and popularity in emerging countries.

Table of Contents Abstract 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Background 5 Problem Statement and Significance 6 Theoretical Framework 7 Researcher’s Positionality 11 Purpose 11 Research Question(s) 12 Significance 13 Definition of Terms 14 Summary 15 Chapter 2: Literature Review 16 Theoretical Foundation 18 1. Agriculture in Emerging Countries 20 2. Reasons for Low Popularity 22 3. Importance AI Agriculture 24 4. Exploration o

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