Question:Source use: All reports must use at least 6 sources from scholarly journals. ONLY scholarly journals may be used for
Source use: All reports must use at least 6 sources from scholarly journals. ONLY scholarly journals may be used for this assignment. Page/word limits: 6-8 double-spaced pages not including the References and title pages or 1,500-2,000 words not including the References and the title pages. Genre: You MUST write in IMRAD report format (see student example). Format: This report should be written in APA format. You will need to write an abstract as APA requires, and your report should have a title page, a title, an introduction, several body paragraphs, a conclusion, and a references page (see student example). Note that you should also be using headings that conform to APA format. Style: The style of the essay should be semi-formal. That means that third-person (he/she/it/they) should be used as much as possible. First-person (I/me/we) can be used, but it should be limited. Second-person (you) and contractions should be avoided. Writing Task For our final major assignment, you will write a literature review report discussing how the journals in your field address a research question or problem. Sometimes a literature review makes up only one part of a report, but for our purposes, your report will be a literature review in which your discussion section will draw some conclusion about that state of research in your field and its limitations. Purpose and Audience The purpose of any literature review is to inform a professional audience of the key findings of the field with respect to some research question or problem. In the sciences and medicine, new discoveries are constantly being made. Literature reviews are excellent ways for professionals to stay up-to-date without having to read all the scholarly sources themselves. Since you are writing for a professional audience, it is expected that you will use some technical terms. Details and Organization The primary goal of this report is to bring professionals up-to-date on some important issue in your field of study–such as what the literature says are the best treatments for heart failure or how to treat a cyst pressing on the L5 vertebrae nerve root when the patient has comorbidities and cannot survive general anesthesia. You will need to give careful thought about how to organize your work AND what details you provide. Some key elements of a good literature review include: 1. A purpose statement of at the end of your introduction (see student example); 2. Headings and topic sentences that organize the literature by TOPIC (see student example); 3. Details that summarize the methods, results, and conclusions of studies; 4. Transitions that connect similar studies together; 5. A discussion section that summarizes the research AND makes a conclusion (thesis); 6. A discussion section that discusses the limitations of the research; 7. A conclusion that re-sums the points of the literature review. 2 Additional Components You Must Complete For This Assignment As with our previous assignment, gathering the right kind of sources and organizing the report will be challenging. For this reason, you will be required to complete two small assignments before drafting this larger one. Five Source Annotated Bibliography, WORTH 50 Points, DUE to Assignments by 11:59 p.m.., M 4/12 An annotated bibliography (see student example) lists your sources in alphabetical order using APA format style. Under each source citation, you will offer a short paragraph that summarizes the research question, methods, and key findings of each journal article. Please see the student example for more details about how to format this assignment. NOTE: Summaries MUST be in your own words. Visual Outline, DUE to the appropriate Discussion by 11:59 p.m., W 4/14 Like the graphic organizer we used for the last major assignment, this project will use a visual outline. You will find a blank visual outline in the content section of D2L. Before completing this outline, be sure to look at the student example (also in the content section of D2L). Format As already stated, the final product for this assignment will look like student example report provided in the content section of D2L. The only difference is that your title page should follow APA format guidelines and not the examples offered on the student example. Style The style of your report should be semi-formal. That means that third-person (he/she/it/they) should be used as much as possible. First-person (I/me/we) can be used, but it should be limited. Second-person (you) and contractions should be avoided. Grading In addition to the grading rubric on the syllabus, reports will be graded based upon how well they: 1. follow the assignment; 2. use six scholarly articles on the same topic (you may use more); 3. use a title page, a running head, an abstract, and a references page; 4. cite all quotes and paragraphs with in-text citations in a manner similar to the example paper; 5. offer an introduction that clearly states the document’s a) subject and b) purpose; 6. avoid errors; 7. use a semi-formal style that relies on third person (he/she/it/they) as much as possible and first person (I/me/we) only when needed. Contractions like won’t, didn’t, can’t should not be used. The use of you should also be avoided; 8. start each body paragraph with a clear claim (main idea) that guides the rest of the paragraph; 9. include enough examples and/or reasoning to back up the main idea of each paragraph; 10. make strong transitions between paragraphs AND subheadings (if used); 11. offer a conclusion/thesis at the start of the discussion section; 12. detail the limitations of the literature in the discussion section; 13. have a conclusion that reinforces the thesis. ˃ the files I attached below will help you on the assignment because they are sources you have used before and a small literature review you wrote the literature review should be written assuming we have a professional audience it should address the effects of acupuncture positively and negatively please use the instructions. the Apa style literature review attached shows you what the paper should look like but it has nothing to do with my assignment please take a look at it.
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Annotated Bibliography On the effects of Acupuncture
Meron kassahun
Professor Terresa Henning
Southwest Minnesota state university
Annotated Bibliography
Wu, S. Y., Lu, C. N., Chung, C. J., Kuo, C. E., Sheen, J. M., Hsueh, T. P., … & Bi, K. W. (2019). Therapeutic effects of acupuncture plus fire needle versus acupuncture alone in lateral epicondylitis: A randomized case–control pilot study. Medicine, 98(22).
In this article, the authors compared the efficacy of acupuncture both on the short-term and on the intermediate term of acupuncture alone and that of acupuncture with fire needle therapy for the treatment of Lateral epicondylitis (LE). In their study, the authors carried out the research on patients with cases of LE, with 21 of them being subjected to plus-fire on the other 17 being subjected to acupuncture only. They then issued questionnaires immediately after the treatment and three months after the treatment. The authors established that acupuncture plus fire was more effective in the short term. Overall, twelve patients reported experiencing improvements in the immediate term. The article is very important for this study as it will help to understand the effectiveness of acupuncture as a form of treatment. It is also important in understanding the different effects that different forms of acupuncture have both in the short term and in the intermediate term.
Sun, N., Tu, J. F., Lin, L. L., Li, Y. T., Yang, J. W., Shi, G. X., … & Liu, C. Z. (2019). Correlation between acupuncture dose and effectiveness in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Acupuncture in Medicine, 37(5), 261-267.
The authors explain that Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of disabilities around the world, with the knee joint being the most affected part of the body. The authors seek to establish whether the relieving of acupuncture is related to the dose for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The research method that they employed was systematic literature from different databases. Randomized control trials (RCTs) were also included for patients diagnosed with KOA, with some being treated with real acupuncture and others being subjected to sham treatment. Results indicated that people who had received real acupuncture had experienced better stimulation and improved conditions than those subjected to sham treatment. Sham treatment was a placebo. These results are very useful for the research as they indicate that the effectiveness of acupuncture is dose-dependent. The reason is that the people who received real treatment experienced more relief from pain than those who received placebo.
Dimitrova, A., Murchison, C., & Oken, B. (2017). Acupuncture for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 23(3), 164-179.
Dimitrova, Murchison, and Oken exemplify that Peripheral Neuropathy (PN) is mainly characterized by damage to the peripheral nervous system due to dysfunction. They therefore, examined the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of PN and other neuropathic conditions. A systematic literature review was employed, and researchers revised papers from different databases. The evaluated individuals were only those above 18 years. Data obtained was reviewed by two neurologists well experienced in acupuncture. From the review, the authors established that acupuncture effectively treats diabetic neuropathy and Bell’s palsy. Acupuncture was also found to have some positive impacts in the treatment of HIV-related neuropathy. This research will serve to understand the effects of acupuncture on different types of neuropathies. The study also contains useful information on the adverse effects that may arise as a result of acupuncture treatment. Such include minor bruises from eh needles and discomfort as the needles were being inserted and pained during the process.
Manheimer, E., Cheng, K., Wieland, L. S., Shen, X., Lao, L., Guo, M., & Berman, B. M. (2018). Acupuncture for hip osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5).
The papers describe how acupuncture works in the body. The authors detail that acupuncture works by stimulation of the nervous system to release neurotransmitters that suppress the pain. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in improving pain among people with hip osteoarthritis. The research employs systematic literature, and 6 trials among 413 people were identified. The participants were aged between 61 and 67 years of age. The authors then compared the outcomes of real acupuncture and the placebo. The study established that there was little to no difference in effect between people who received real acupuncture versus those who received a placebo. People who received true acupuncture showed little evidence of pain reduction with just a 2 points more improvement on a scale of 0-100 than for the placebo. This study is of importance as it helps to understand the potential of both true acupuncture and sham acupuncture for treatment.
MacPherson, H., Vertosick, E. A., Foster, N. E., Lewith, G., Linde, K., Sherman, K. J., … & Vickers, A. J. (2017). The persistence of the effects of acupuncture after a course of treatment: a meta-analysis of patients with chronic pain. Pain, 158(5), 784.
In this research, the author acknowledges the uncertainties regarding the possibility of an acupuncture treatment to produce long-term effects after treatment. The authors therefore aimed at determining the trajectory of pain scores that acupuncture has. Systematic literature was employed in the process and from a large dataset that included 29 trials alongside 17,922 patients. The study encompasses various conditions, including knee osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal pain and migraine. The meta-analytic technique was employed in the determination of scores over a period of time. About 90% of the positive impacts were sustained for 12 months for the real treatment. For the placebo, the results were found to reduce by 50% over 12 months. Therefore, this study is important in determining whether the results of acupuncture can be sustained and for how long.
Zhang, N., Houle, T., Hindiyeh, N., & Aurora, S. K. (2020). Systematic review: acupuncture vs standard pharmacological therapy for migraine prevention. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 60(2), 309-317.
The article states that standard pharmacological treatments used for migraines have several shortcomings. The article therefore, seeks to compare how effective acupuncture is compared to the conventional pharmacological migraine treatment. Systematic literature was used in a custom-designed strategy that searched for databases. 706 search results were done, and 7 clinical trials alongside 1430 participants were identified. Some of the results indicated acupuncture to have more relief than the standard treatments. Acupuncture was also found to have fewer side effects compared to the pharmaceuticals drugs used for migraine relief. For the study, this article is very important in comparing the desirable effects that arise from acupuncture as compared to the standard treatments. It will also offer insight into the side effects that both of the treatments have and compare.
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6
Literature review
Meron kassahun
Southwest Minnesota state university
Literature Review
Acupuncture in the recent times has been considered as an effective treatment method for different ailments (Zhang et al., 2020). Acupuncture is an alternative medicine with its concepts and practice being a key component of the Chinese traditional medicine where needles are inserted into the body to relieve pressure. According to MacPherson et al. (2017), acupuncture is increasingly being considered as a treatment option for chronic pain. In their research, MacPherson et al. used an experimental design with 17922 patients in which they aimed at assessing the time duration through which the effect of acupuncture is in force for chronic pain patients. MacPherson et al. concludes that the treatment effects persist long enough after the treatment and does not decrease significantly for 12 months. Another study by Manheimer et al. (2018) aimed at assessing the effect of acupuncture as a treatment method for hip osteoarthritis. In the study, Manheimer et al. found out that acupuncture was less effective and beneficial for patients with hip osteoarthritis. However, the study found out that when acupuncture was used as an additional treatment for a patients receiving care from a primary physician care had benefits in reducing pain and improving the patient function (Manheimer et al.). In another correlated study on the use of acupuncture in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis by Sun et al. (2019) found out that in high doses acupuncture was effective in improving treatment outcomes for the patients. This was true especially in terms of reducing the pain and improving function as earlier found by Manheimer et al. research. An earlier study by Dimitrova et al. (2017) aimed at assessing the neuropathic effect of acupuncture and found out that acupuncture treatment was beneficial especially for HIV related neuropathy and the study also notes that acupuncture is effective in improving the nerve conduction for sensory and motor nerves. Wu et al. (2019) is another study that adds to the studies that have associated acupuncture with effective treatment. In the study, the authors aimed at assessing the impact of acupuncture in lateral epicondylitis treatment. Wu et al. notes that acupuncture in addition to fire needle therapy was effective in both the short term and the intermediate term of treatment. The study agreed with other observations by Manheimer et al. and Sun et al. that acupuncture helped in the management of pain and recovery from disability.
References
Dimitrova, A., Murchison, C., & Oken, B. (2017). Acupuncture for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 23(3), 164-179.
MacPherson, H., Vertosick, E. A., Foster, N. E., Lewith, G., Linde, K., Sherman, K. J., … & Vickers, A. J. (2017). The persistence of the effects of acupuncture after a course of treatment: a meta-analysis of patients with chronic pain. Pain, 158(5), 784.
Manheimer, E., Cheng, K., Wieland, L. S., Shen, X., Lao, L., Guo, M., & Berman, B. M. (2018). Acupuncture for hip osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5).
Sun, N., Tu, J. F., Lin, L. L., Li, Y. T., Yang, J. W., Shi, G. X., … & Liu, C. Z. (2019). Correlation between acupuncture dose and effectiveness in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Acupuncture in Medicine, 37(5), 261-267.
Wu, S. Y., Lu, C. N., Chung, C. J., Kuo, C. E., Sheen, J. M., Hsueh, T. P., … & Bi, K. W. (2019). Therapeutic effects of acupuncture plus fire needle versus acupuncture alone in lateral epicondylitis: A randomized case–control pilot study. Medicine, 98(22).
Zhang, N., Houle, T., Hindiyeh, N., & Aurora, S. K. (2020). Systematic review: acupuncture vs standard pharmacological therapy for migraine prevention. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 60(2), 309-317.
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Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1
A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources that provides an overview of a particular topic. It generally follows a discussion of the paper’s thesis statement or the study’s goals or purpose.
*This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from Key, K.L., Rich, C., DeCristofaro, C., Collins, S. (2010). Use of Propofol and emergence agitation in children: A literature
review. AANA Journal, 78(6). Retrieved from www.aana.com. Used by permission.
Do not follow these title pages; use APA format guidelines.
LITERATURE REVIEW 2
Use of Propofol and Emergence Agitation in Children: A Literature Review
In 1961, Eckenhoff, Kneale, and Dripps described the phenomenon of emergence
agitation (EA), reporting signs of hyperexcitation in patients emerging from ether, cyclopropane,
or ketamine anesthesia. EA during recovery from general anesthesia has been identified as a
frequent problem in the pediatric population. In children, EA has been described as a mental
disturbance that consists of confusion, hallucinations, and delusions manifested by moaning,
restlessness, involuntary physical activity, and thrashing about in bed (Sikich & Lerman, 2004).
The overall rate for EA in children is in the range of 10% to 67% (Aouad & Nasr, 2005), which
includes a period of severe restlessness, disorientation, and/or inconsolable crying during
anesthesia emergence (Cole, Murray, McAllister, & Hirschberg, 2002).
EA was reported as a problem in general anesthesia recovery before the development of
the modern inhalational agents (sevoflurane and desflurane), and EA has been shown to occur
with the use of all anesthetic gases. The increased use of sevoflurane and desflurane in recent
years has been associated with a higher incidence of EA compared with isoflurane and
halothane. It is suggested that substituting sevoflurane and isoflurane for maintenance of
anesthesia significantly reduces the incidence of EA in preschool children (Bortone et al., 2006),
and that the use of adjunctive agents such as propofol added to sevoflurane can reduce the
incidence of EA compared with sevoflurane alone (Abu-Shahwan, 2008; Aouad et al., 2007;
Uezono et al., 2000). The goal of this literature review is to compare three categories of
anesthesia techniques and their associated incidence of EA in children.
Sevoflurane Inhalational General Anesthesia
Sevoflurane was released in 1994, and has beneficial anesthetic properties such as a rapid
onset of anesthesia, nonpungent odor, and rapid emergence from anesthesia (Baum, Yemen, &
Baum, 1997). Sevoflurane is currently the inhalational agent of choice for pediatric anesthesia
The introduction wraps up with a clear
purpose.
LITERATURE REVIEW 3
because of its rapidity of induction and pleasant, nonirritating odor (Moore et al., 2003). While the
incidence of EA in children who receive a sevoflurane anesthetic was noted to be as low as 20% for
ear, nose, and throat surgery (Nakayama, Furukawa, & Yanai, 2007), it has been found as high as
60% in circumcision populations (Tazeroualti et al., 2007). It has been suggested that sevoflurane
causes epileptogenic activity that contributes to EA behaviors. Clinically observed seizures, as well
as seizures proved by electroencephalography, have been reported during sevoflurane induction,
maintenance, and recovery in both children and adults, whether epileptic or not (Veyckemans,
2001).
Propofol and Sevoflurane General Anesthetic
Propofol is an intravenously administered general anesthetic released for use in 1989.
Propofol has been studied in adult populations as well as in pediatric surgical, ophthalmologic,
urologic, radiologic, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and dental procedures (Kaddu, Bhattacharya,
Metriyakool, Thomas, & Tolia, 2002). Propofol has several advantages and can be used in many
settings in anesthesia, including inpatient and outpatient procedures. General anesthesia with
propofol is characterized by a rapid recovery and a calm, sometimes euphoric state (Abu-
Shahwan, 2008).
Propofol has been demonstrated to be effective as an adjunct to sevoflurane inhalational
general anesthesia in reducing the incidence of EA (Abu-Shahwan, 2008; Aouad et al., 2007).
Aouad et al. (2007) demonstrated that propofol as an adjunct decreased the incidence of EA in
children to 19.5% of study participants compared with 47.2% in patients who received
sevoflurane alone. Abu-Shahwan (2008) found that a subhypnotic dose of propofol significantly
decreased the incidence of EA. The propofol group had a 4.8% incidence versus a 26.8%
Cite research on your topic in APA style.
Use level headings to organize the literature review by topic.
To learn when to use et al. in a citation, see the APA Style Elements page.
LITERATURE REVIEW 4
incidence for sevoflurane alone group (Abu-Shahwan, 2008). These findings suggest that the use
of propofol with sevoflurane can help reduce the rate of EA.
Propofol Total Intravenous Anesthesia
Propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) techniques have also demonstrated a
reduction in EA in children. In the study by Cohen, Finkel, Hannallah, Hummer, and Patel
(2003) of sevoflurane inhalational anesthesia versus a propofol TIVA technique, there were
significantly higher rates of EA in the sevoflurane group compared with the propofol group
(23.1% versus 3.7%). In a study by Picard, Dumont, and Pellegrini (2000) of the quality of
recovery in children, a sevoflurane inhalational anesthetic and propofol TIVA techniques were
compared, with a reduction in EA rates observed in the propofol TIVA group (46% versus 9%,
respectively). A reduction in EA from 42% to 11% was seen in children 2 to 5 years of age with
propofol TIVA compared with sevoflurane inhalational general anesthesia (Nakayama,
Furukawa, & Yanai, 2007). In a small study of children presenting for eye surgery (n = 16), a
propofol TIVA technique had an EA incidence of 0%, in contrast to a cohort managed with
sevoflurane inhalational general anesthetic, which produced an EA incidence of 38% (Uezono et
al., 2000). Together, these studies indicate that the use of a propofol TIVA technique can
significantly reduce the incidence of EA in children.
Discussion
A thorough review of the literature revealed the incidence of EA to be reduced with the
use of a propofol TIVA technique compared with a sevoflurane inhalational general anesthetic.
Also, the incidence of EA was reduced significantly with propofol as an adjunct to a sevoflurane
inhalational general anesthetic (Abu-Shahwan, 2008; Aouad et al., 2005; Aouad et al., 2007).
According to the literature evidence base, there is an advantage to either propofol TIVA or
In this paragraph, the authors have synthesized the literature, by discussing multiple findings and adding their own ideas.
In this paragraph, the authors have tied together the research and made a conclusion.
LITERATURE REVIEW 5
adjunctive propofol with sevoflurane (compared with sevoflurane alone). We conclude, based on
the current evidence, that the use of propofol is associated with a reduction in the incidence of
emergence agitation.
In the current literature review, a major limitation discovered is the need for the
consistent use of a validated scale for assessing EA across all studies. Numerous studies of EA
have used a variety of scales, which measure EA by different criteria. According to Sikich and
Lerman (2004), the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale is a reliable and
valid tool based on the scale’s reliability, content, and initial construct validity profile
determined through their study. Aouad and Nasr (2005) recommended that the PAED scale can
be used as a reliable and valid tool that would minimize measurement error in the clinical
evaluation of EA. If future studies use the same validated assessment scale (such as the PAED),
results can be more easily compared and strengthened.
Conclusion
EA is an important issue in pediatric anesthesia and has increased in occurrence with the
use of sevoflurane inhalational anesthesia. The goal of this literature review was to compare
three general anesthesia techniques in children and their associated incidence of EA. The three
techniques were (a) sevoflurane inhalational general anesthetic, (b) propofol as an adjunct to
sevoflurane inhalational general anesthetic, and (c) propofol TIVA techniques. The reviewed
literature suggests that there are advantages to the use of propofol TIVA techniques and
adjunctive propofol anesthetics when combined with a sevoflurane inhalational technique. This
reduction in EA with propofol use in conjunction with or separately from sevoflurane has been
widely documented throughout the literature (Abu-Shahwan, 2008; Aouad et al., 2005; Aouad et
al., 2007). Current research supports the use of propofol, as discussed above; however, a
In this paragraph, the authors have pointed out a limitation in the existing literature, and made recommendations about how to address it.
LITERATURE REVIEW 6
continuation of current research with consistent and strengthened methodologies will help justify
its use and application in clinical practice.
The conclusion should be a succinct, one-paragraph reiteration of your literature review.
LITERATURE REVIEW 7
References
Abu-Shahwan, I. (2008). Effect of propofol on emergence behavior in children after sevoflurane
general anesthesia. Pediatric Anesthesia, 18(1), 55–59. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-
9592.2007.02376.x
Aouad, M. T. & Nasr, V. G. (2005). Emergence agitation in children: An update. Current
Opinion in Anesthesiology, 18(6), 614–619.
Aouad, M.T., Yazbeck-Karam, V.G., Nasr, V.G., El-Khatib, M.F., Kanazi, G.E., & Bleik, J.H.
(2007). A single dose of propofol at the end of surgery for the prevention of emergence
agitation in children undergoing strabismus surgery during sevoflurane anesthesia.
Anesthesiology, 105(5), 733-738. doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000287009.46896.a7
Baum, V.C., Yemen, T.A., Batum, L.D. (1997). Immediate 8% sevoflurane induction in
children: A comparison with incremental sevoflurane and incremental halothane.
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 85(2), 313-316.
Bortone, L., Ingelmo, P., Grossi, S., Grattagliano, C., Bricchi, C., Barantani, D.,…Mergoni, M.
(2006). Emergence agitation in preschool children: double-blind, randomized, controlled
trial comparing sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. Pediatric Anesthesia, 16, 1138–
1143. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2006.01954.x
Cohen, I. T., Finkel, J. C., Hannallah, R. S., Hummer, K. A., & Patel, K. M. (2003). Rapid
emergence does not explain agitation following sevoflurane anaesthesia in infants and
children: A comparison with propofol. Pediatric Anesthesia, 13(1), 63–67. doi:
10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.00948.x
A references list at the end of the paper will include entries for each publication discussed in the literature review.
LITERATURE REVIEW 8
Cole, J.W., Murray, D.J., McAllister, J.D., & Hirschberg, G.E. (2002). Emergence behavior in
children: Defining the incidence of excitement and agitation following anesthesia.
Pediatric Anesthesia, 12(5), 442-447. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00868.x
Eckenhoff, J. E., Kneale, D. H., & Dripps, R.D. (1961). The incidence and etiology of
postanesthetic excitement: A clinical survey. Anesthesiology, 22, 667–673.
Kaddu, R., Bhattacharya, D., Metriyakool, K., Thomas, R., & Tolia, V. (2002). Propofol
compared with general anesthesia for pediatric GI endoscopy: Is propofol better?
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 55(1), 27-32.
Nakayama, S., Furukawa, H., & Yanai, H. (2007). Propofol reduces the incidence of emergence
agitation in preschool-aged children as well as in school-aged children: A comparison
with sevoflurane. Journal of Anesthesia., 21(1), 19–23. doi: 10.1007/s00540-006-0466-x
Moore, J.K., Moore, E.W., Elliott, R.A. St. Leger, A.S. Payne, K., & Kerr, J. (2003). Propofol
and halothane versus sevoflurane in pediatric day‐case surgery: induction and recovery
characteristics. British Journal of Anesthesia, 90(4), 461-466.
Picard, V., Dumont, L., & Pellegrini, M. (2000). Quality of recovery in children: Sevoflurane
versus propofol. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica., 44(3), 307–310. doi:
10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440315.x
Sikich, N., & Lerman, J. (2004). Development and psychometric evaluation of the pediatric
anesthesia emergence delirium scale. Anesthesiology, 100(5), 1138-1145.
Tazeroualti, N., DeGroote, F., DeHert, S., DeVille, A., Dierick, A., Van der Linden, P. (2007).
Oral clonidine vs. midazolam in the prevention of sevoflurane-induced agitation in
children: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. British Journal of Anesthesia,
98(5), 667-671. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem071
LITERATURE REVIEW 9
Uezono, S., Goto, T., Terui, K., Ichinose, F., Ishguro, Y., Nakata, Y., & Morita, S. (2000).
Emergence agitation after sevoflurane versus propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesia &
Analgesia, 91(3), 563–566. doi: 10.1213/00000539-200009000-00012
Veyckemans, F. (2001). Excitation phenomena during sevoflurane anaesthesia in children.
Current Opinion in Anesthesiology, 14(3), 339-343.
Vlajkovic, G. P., & Sindjelic, R. P. (2007). Emergence delirium in children: Many questions,
few answers. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 104(1), 84–91. doi:
10.1213/01.ane.0000250914.91881.a8
- Sevoflurane Inhalational General Anesthesia
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