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Horras, C. (2021). Robin Hood: The Greenwood’s Reaper.

Reed, A. (2019). Female Serial Killers: Establishing a More Accurate Profile Based on Empirical Evidence (Doctoral dissertation, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology).

Robison-Greene, R. (2021). Creation, Destruction, and the Ethics of "Murderabelia." The Prindle Post.

GA, W., Ochoa, N., & Nielsen, L. (2016) The Making of a Charismatic Killer.

Schmidt, C. (2020). Society's View of Mental Illness as a Result of Fictionalized Portrayals of Serial Killer Narratives.

Travaglione, A. (2021). A Golden Age Turned Red: America's Obsession with Serial Murder in the 1950s and 1960s (Doctoral dissertation, College of Charleston).

Lisa Braden

CRJ 522: Psychological Factors in Criminal Justice

Professor Blake Lafond

December 21, 2021

Jeffery Dahmer Criminal investigation

Psychological history and evaluation of the offender

The following assignment is based on the case analysis of Jeffery Dahmer, who is also known as Milwaukee Cannibal because of his affinity for human meat. Jeffery Dahmer was a famous sexual offender and serial killer responsible for the death of approximately 17 men and boys between 1978-1991. Eventually, Dahmer was convicted for 15 of these murders and got life sentences in 1992 after being classified as mentally able to participate in a trial. It is essential to have a psychological evaluation of Dahmer, who was born in 1960; he was suffering from a borderline personality disorder.

The criminal mental state was the real culprit that caused him to preserve the body parts of his victims, participating in necrophilia and digesting their body parts. The case received worldwide attention because of the sheer insanity and lurid details that came along with it. However, Dahmer could only spend two years inside the jail because he got killed by his fellow inmate Christopher Scarver. The following assignment is based on the concepts studied in the course and Curtis R. Bartol's book.

Analysis of the behavioral, psychological, and environmental factors

According to experts, the behavioral outcomes in the cases were the results of specific activities that happened throughout the childhood of Dahmer. In this particular case, Dahmer seemed to be an average child until he recovered from his hernia surgery at the age of 6. When he was 8, Dahmer's parents realized that he was having issues developing social relationships and participating in combined events (Havela, 2020). In simple words, ever since Dhamer was a child, he was withdrawn, aloof, and did not like to participate in the conversation. When Dahmer reached the age of 13, he further developed issues with alcohol that led him to have schism with his father, and he was also kicked out of the army because of his alcoholism issues. Although Dahmer never killed any animal when he was younger, but he used to strip the skin of animals from roadkill and other various dead animals.

Dahmer was also famous in his school for being a strange child who was often involved in prankish behavior. After three weeks from graduation from high school, Dahmer killed his first victim. It is essential to understand the behavior of Dhamer under "Psychology of crime and delinquency" being discussed in the book. According to scholars, it is a science of the mental and behavioral processes of juvenile and adult offenders.

Summarization of psychological history in the case

The way Dahmer killed his first victim shows the condition of his mental state. Dahmer killed 18 years old Steven Hicks when he was hitchhiking and lured by Dahmer to his home under the influence of alcohol. When Hick was leaving, Dahmer attacked him with 10 pounds of dumbbell; he then masturbated over his body and cut the remains of his body. Dahmer burned Hick's flesh and smashed his bones before burying them under his house. During the investigation, Dahmer agreed that he had always had sexual fantasies of domination since he was 16, but he never thought of following these fantasies before this incident. According to concepts discussed in the course, the book, and the detailed analysis of the case. Dahmer had not experienced any risk issue in his life as he was brought up in a secure and loving environment until his parents got divorced and he dropped out of high school. Dahmer had suffered from any actual barrier in his well-being and health other than what he brought for his anti-social behavior. Dahmer's fascination with animals was odd, but he claimed that it started after he was asked to remove den of rodents by his father when he was 10.

Most serial killers start Killin with animals before getting their hands on Killin humans. Moreover, these serial killers experience traumatic events or events in their childhood that lead them into developing such behavior (Bartol & Bartol, 2019). However, in Dahmer's case, he does not fit this profit. However, he does demonstrate traits of killing people for his sexual excitement as he normally sexually abuses people before strangling them to have a sense of control and power while killing them. For example, he used to drill holes in his victim's heads and damage their brain with acid to have a way of preserving his control.

Evaluation of any psychological influence in the case

Dahmer was diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder reflected from his antisocial behavior. In Dahmer's case, he used to feel lonely after his hernia surgery, and he could never recover from it mentally. He could not develop relationships and could not even make eye contact with people that increased the lack of association for him. The excessive use of alcohol is another essential determination of his mental illness, as many people with mental illness are addicted. Ultimately, lack of treatment and mental illness Lear Dahmer becomes a mass murderer. He enjoyed the feeling of power, control, and sexual fulfillment. Dahmer further said he could not feel like stopping, another important indicator of mental illness.

Mental health referral and identification of psychological issues

Despite many diagnoses from the psychologist, including substance use disorder, borderline personality disorder, psychotic disorder, substance use disorder, necrophilia, and schizotypal personality disorder, Dahmer was never found NGRI. It was because he comprehended the moral and legal wrongfulness for his steps and acts to hide his crimes. Police found two heads in his refrigerator, four torsos in a receptacle and two torsos in the freezer, around seven Bodies with skin completely stripped off. "The police also found a shrine that Dahmer said he used to honor his offerings."

The court argued that Dahmer used to drink before killing his victims to prove that he had complete control over himself as he used to decide to consume. Dahmer also said that he had no memory of killing his victim's ad he only wanted to drug and sexually assault them. According to Ted Cahill, Dahmer's extreme homosexual Daniel was also responsible for his crimes. Dahmer wished to eliminate any homosexual shame by committing these crimes. He further said that his internalized homophobia may have contributed to his violent acts against any men that he deemed attractive (Silva, 2002). One strange thing about Dahmer's crimes is that he never intended to hide his crimes; he told inside that there is no point in hiding his crimes. The behavior is also different from regular Criminal profiling because one famous serial killer Ted Bunty tried to hide his crimes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can be said that the assignment is based on the concepts of forensic psychology discussed in the book written by Bartol and the course material. The selected case is unique because Dahmer never faced any childhood trauma. Still, his anti-social behavior and shame from his homosexual tendencies forced him into committing these heinous crimes. The case is one of the most known cases in the history of the USA. It can be concluded that specific psychological patterns can be seen from the case. So, it can be said that various factors contributed behind criminal behavior of Dharmen including his addiction for alcohol. Moreover, Dharmen anti-social behavior also made him look for power over other.

References Bartol A., & Bartol C. (2019). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application (5th ed.). Sage Publications, Inc. Havela, S. (2020, October 25). Into The Forensic Psychology Of Jeffrey Dahmer And His Crimes. Retrieved from Study Breaks: https://studybreaks.com/thoughts/dahmer/ Silva, J. A. (2002). Case of Jeffrey Dahmer: Sexual Serial Homicide from a Neuropsychiatric Developmental Perspective. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 1347-1359.

During the evaluation of crime scenes, investigators get involved in protecting and securing crimes and gathering proof from incidents, post-mortems, and crime scenes. The investigators are also called forensic scene investigators and crime officers (Poyser, 2021). These investigators are accountable for overseeing tentative agents' appropriate storage, administration, handling, and obliteration. These roles are vicarious to the properly authorized person, where the investigator also plays an important role to sustain the ultimate role. Investigators also play an important role to confirm the investigation for securing the welfare, safety, and rights of subjects beneath the care of the investigator and the regulation of drugs beneath the investigation.

The criminal investigator also testifies in law courts regarding evidence and findings, coordinated arrest warrants and search, collected proof and made conclusions and decisions by retaining logical analysis and reasoning, and examined complicated criminal actions or state, federal, and local rules violations. Best criminal investigators must remain conscious of their thinking and remain at the intentional procedure. Investigators should be capable of eloquent the thinking procedure and lay the proof that is considered to find conclusion according to decision making procedure (Brimbal, 2021). They also collect proof, examine crimes, interview observers, and arrest defendants.

Effect of Psychological, Behavioral, Environmental, and Cognitive factors on Investigation

The psychological factors that influence the criminal investigation include the association of criminality to cognitive illness, inherent personality qualities, violence, and aggression. Other factors include deviant behavior, lack of self-control, aggressive behavior, depression, and mental illness (Matsumoto, 2021). Psychology is crucial in criminal investigation, as it explains an association between characteristics and behavior of offenders and helps investigators in case of what and where kind of individual to search for. Behavioral factors that affect the criminal investigation include substance abuse, pessimistic social environment, negative experiences of childhood, and medical risk factors.

Substance abuse and criminal behavior are connected, as some intoxicants negatively influence decision-making and self-control. People frequently get worried, as they don’t introduce a method according to wrong or right thinking. Various environmental factors affect the criminal investigation, as it participates in violence and juvenile crime comprising permissive and violent family members, criminal peers, and unbalanced regions. Moreover, the cognitive factors influencing the investigation include antisocial performance and enhanced danger for violence. Cognitive bias includes various outlines for nonconformity from rational thinking. These biases can be risky once examining a crime that can collect the worst kind of proof while recognizing the bad individual accountable for risk.

Psychological profile

The role of the psychological profile of the offender in the investigation of court proceedings is to make evaluations of perpetrators to focus on competency to stand provisional (Akca, 2021). Psychology profiling includes a technique of suspect recognition that also finds the recognition of personality, emotional and mental characteristics based on things complete or left at the crime scene. Behavior constancy is a technique that shows that crimes of criminals are often the same as each other. The chief psychological evidence behind profiling is that there would be a continuation between the ways criminals work at the crime scene. Offender profiling help to convict, apprehend, and recognize the unknown. Psychological profiles keep various traits, which manual the investigators to decide whether someone can dedicate the crime. Police can decide the functionality of someone committing the crime and their reasons for committing the crime. Sometimes they will not be particularly powerful places that offer crucial records about someone. Therefore, the culprit's profile is turned into determining their abilities and reasons for committing the crime. The records may be utilized in courtroom docket court cases to persuade the jury and judges that the individual dedicated the crime.

Influence of biases and assumptions

Almost all human beings of this world of a different race, cast, and crude have a common thing: all of these people judge other people based on their first appearance, characteristics, and numerous other factors (Campbell, 2021). Such judgments are mere assumptions and biased because one has to realize or recognize someone so they may be capable of choosing them. These biases are bad and feature a bad impact on tests of people with inside-the-crook justice. Bias is not an unusual place inside the cutting-edge society. The bias, which includes racism, has created quite a few injustices wherein humans were wrongfully murdered or sentenced via way of means of police officers. Bias can lead us to do incorrect reviews that aren't genuine and affect our judgment. People have to keep away from making assumptions and most effectively base their judgment on concrete help or backing that allows them to get the proper results.

Cultural-based behavior patterns

In the whole world, many cultures exist, different kinds of people believe in different religions. In the United States of America, there are numerous religions followed by different kinds of individuals. Because of having different religions, every person has numerous perceptions of how they should approach different things. These people also have different opinions on how different things should be done. For illustration, many cultures allow them to carry a weapon with them so that they can defend themselves. Doing this can be dangerous because such a person has a bad assumption about individuals when that person interacts with people.

Such assumptions result in making negative selections that include taking pictures of harmless people. Most of this is associated with mental profiling, wherein an officer will suspect a man or woman sporting a weapon. Such profiling has caused instances of racism inside the pressure whereby innocents had been wrongly arrested or shot at virtually because they were diagnosed with positive cultures. That is why there are bad behaviors and impacts cultural-based behavior patterns specific to certain segments of the population impact these biases and assumptions, particularly relative to psychological profiling in law enforcement.

Conclusion

References

Akca, D. L. (2021). Assessing the efficacy of investigative interviewing training courses: A systematic review. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 73-84. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14613557211008470

Brimbal, L. C. (2021). "Evaluating the benefits of a rapport-based approach to investigative interviews: A training study with law enforcement investigators.". Law and Human Behavior 45, no. 1, 55. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/lhb/45/1/55/

Campbell, M. R. (2021). Is discrimination widespread? Testing assumptions about bias on a university campus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 756. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/xge/150/4/756/

Matsumoto, D. &. (2021). An initial investigation into the nature and function of rapport in investigative interviews. Applied Cognitive Psychology. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/acp.3825

Poyser, S. &. (2021). The time in between a case of ‘wrongful and ‘rightful conviction in the UK: Miscarriages of justice and the contribution of psychology to reforming the police investigative process. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 5-16. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14613557211006134