Prepare this assignment as a 1,500-1,750 word paper using the instructor feedback from the Topic 1, 2, and 3 assignments and

Research Critique Guidelines

To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted, address each component below for qualitative study in the Topic 2 assignment and the quantitative study in the Topic 3 assignment.

Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, or reference content from the study in your responses.

Qualitative Study

Background of Study:

· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.

· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.

· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.

· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.

· Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem?

Method of Study:

· Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions?

· Did the author identify a specific perspective from which the study was developed? If so, what was it?

· Did the author cite quantitative and qualitative studies relevant to the focus of the study? What other types of literature did the author include?

· Are the references current? For qualitative studies, the author may have included studies older than the 5-year limit typically used for quantitative studies. Findings of older qualitative studies may be relevant to a qualitative study.

· Did the author evaluate or indicate the weaknesses of the available studies?

· Did the literature review include adequate information to build a logical argument?

· When a researcher uses the grounded theory method of qualitative inquiry, the researcher may develop a framework or diagram as part of the findings of the study. Was a framework developed from the study findings?

Results of Study

· What were the study findings?

· What are the implications to nursing?

· Explain how the findings contribute to nursing knowledge/science. Would this impact practice, education, administration, or all areas of nursing?

Ethical Considerations

· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?

· Was patient privacy protected?

· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?

Conclusion

· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.

· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.

· Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.

· Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

Quantitative Study

Background of Study:

· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.

· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.

· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.

· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.

· Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem?

Methods of Study

· Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by the authors. Were there benefits or risks the authors do not identify?

· Was informed consent obtained from the subjects or participants?

· Did it seem that the subjects participated voluntarily in the study?

· Was institutional review board approval obtained from the agency in which the study was conducted?

· Are the major variables (independent and dependent variables) identified and defined? What were these variables?

· How were data collected in this study?

· What rationale did the author provide for using this data collection method?

· Identify the time period for data collection of the study.

· Describe the sequence of data collection events for a participant.

· Describe the data management and analysis methods used in the study.

· Did the author discuss how the rigor of the process was assured? For example, does the author describe maintaining a paper trail of critical decisions that were made during the analysis of the data? Was statistical software used to ensure accuracy of the analysis?

· What measures were used to minimize the effects of researcher bias (their experiences and perspectives)? For example, did two researchers independently analyze the data and compare their analyses?

Results of Study

· What is the researcher's interpretation of findings?

· Are the findings valid or an accurate reflection of reality? Do you have confidence in the findings?

· What limitations of the study were identified by researchers?

· Was there a coherent logic to the presentation of findings?

· What implications do the findings have for nursing practice? For example, can the findings of the study be applied to general nursing practice, to a specific population, or to a specific area of nursing?

· What suggestions are made for further studies?

Ethical Considerations

· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?

· Was patient privacy protected?

· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?

Conclusion

· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.

· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.

· Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.

· Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

Reference

Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

4

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Research Critique and PICOT Statement Final

Janie Doe

Grand Canyon University: NRS433 Introduction to Nursing Research

April 4, 2017

Introduction

Introductory paragraph, including a brief discussion of the topic /nursing research problem and purpose for your paper. 

PICOT Statement

Problem

Briefly discuss problem and research linking to the problem. Remember to provide your supporting sources.

Specific Question

Developed PICOT question?

Qualitative Study

Remember to include all necessary revisions noted on your Critique 1

Background

Method (Remember to also include review of the study’s framework as you review all key points of the research method)

Findings

Ethical Considerations

Conclusion

Quantitative Study

Background

Method (Remember to also include review of the study’s framework as you review all key points of the research method)

Findings

Ethical Considerations

Conclusion

Proposed Evidence-based Practice Change

Further discussion of how the research addressed links directly to your proposed practice change. (Per rubric) Key points from the guidelines include the following:

Discuss the link between the PICOT statement, the research articles, and the nursing practice problem you identified. Include relevant details and supporting explanation and use that information to propose evidence-based practice changes.

Concluding Paragraph

References

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Clinical Research

Clinical Research: Asthma

Background of the research

For a long time, clinical research has been taken for granted on asthma, a respiratory disorder which mostly occurs in young children than in adults. The reason for the negligence could stem from the fact that the disease is thought to be old in that it is well known amongst medical professionals as well as the general populace hence there was no need for additional individual research or even group medical research on the same. The fact that escaped their realization was the issue of similarity in symptoms between the condition and other respiratory affiliated infections, a factor that contributes to misdiagnosis causing delayed treatment for more than 2.2 million people who have the disease but are placed on cures to other illnesses based on misdiagnosis. The research analyzed sought to answer the questions of the magnitude of the misdiagnosis problem, the faults of the current diagnostic system and the improvements to which it could be subjected to attain a clinically accurate diagnosis

For that reason, a study found it necessary to embark on research on which this paper is based on establishing better means of achieving accurate diagnosis of occurrences of asthma. In an attempt to reduce the instances of misdiagnosis, the researchers sought to increase the chances of response to treatment and management despite the absence of an absolute cure to the condition. Based on recent studies, asthma diagnosis is made following clinical tests alone not only in the united states but also in Canada and Europe (Burns & Grove, 2011). For this reason, a good number of people end up either treating a disease which they do not have or assuming safety when actually they are patients. However, the most affected class of people are the adults who are more likely to be misdiagnosed based on the fact of the rarity of the infection on people their ages leading doctors to rule out the case in the presence of even a single iota of doubt. The actual increase to 75% as the number of physicians diagnosed asthma in the United States and Canada does not help matters either.

Methods of study

During such a study, the researchers involved face some risks which are almost as many as the benefits resultant of the project. However, results obtained are a creation of the methods employed in the study hence the importance of determination of the methods applied in the study. As is quite evident from the clarity of their messages, the information was obtained through direct means or rather primary means of information which usually consists of observation and direct interaction with the participants of the action on the field. In this case, the actors on the ground refer to the doctors and the patients as well as the families of the asthma patients. Apart from direct observation and interaction with the participants of the fields, they had to compare the newly acquired information with whatever has been known in the discipline for years and crosscheck them a process that is only possible with subsequent references (Burns & Grove, 2011).

In observing tradition, it would be prudent in highlighting the benefits of the research to the participants before focusing on the potential risks. For one, direct interaction with the patients gives a real picture rather than a reported faction thereby increasing the knowledge on the subject. Additionally, the research puts them on the map of medical scholars, and therefore they become household names, an authority in the field and could be quoted. On top of that, the experience obtained during the research may prove useful in future occasions when they are called to research by profession. On the flipside, they risked failure as the most prominent fear since not everything ends as planned. The part from the general fear of loss, there is the possibility of being sued for either breach of privacy during the process or copyright/patent violation as they are not the first people to exploit that field of research .

Results of the study

Concluding the facts of the survey as recorded in the charts and graphs as well as based on the real circumstances, the problem of misdiagnosis is more widespread than it was earlier thought. A proper diagnosis would probably result in 25% more successful management attempts that could play a significant role in ensuring the victims maintain their day to day lives and play the position they are supposed to especially among adults. However, this is not to say that children are void of misdiagnosis as that would be untrue. Minors constitute about 8% of the total misdiagnosed population of misdiagnosis cases (Burns & Grove, 2011). Since the credibility of the findings is yet to be questioned, there is all confidence in quoting the figures in this work based on the unwavering faith in the statistics presented as far as they correspond with the reality on the ground which they tally towards.

Despite the presence of figures and success in completing the project, the study was not without challenges at least as far as the researchers were concerned. One of the main challenges was obtaining the required information without betraying the hospital's privacy policy which forced them to look for the patients that had been treated in the aspect relevant to the research and seek their permission in accessing their hospital records. Furthermore, analysis of the information obtained proved to be a hard nut to crack especially because the information discovered in the observation and interaction phase of the research had to be authenticated using credible secondary sources to determine the authenticity was just another process as well.

Ethical considerations

The acceptance of the research as the credible source of information on the issue of asthma diagnostics indicates the legality of the study based on the clearance conducted by the Institutional Review Board. By the permission obtained, the conduct of the researcher can no longer be in question especially in regards to ethics during the research since the IRB has certified that the process was approved and followed all the rules and regulations that touch on ethics and privacy of the patients. The certification by IRB is an official concession that the process of acquiring the information entailed in the research was above board and therefore regulation-oriented (Burns & Grove, 2011).

Conclusion

The study points to a discrepancy in the system along with an indication of a loophole in the treatment system as far as asthma is concerned and therefore a vulnerability agent in human health. Establishment of standard methods applicable in all the hospitals and health facilities that could help in stabilizing the process of accurately diagnosing asthma and improving the health of individuals who may be suffering from asthma but are placed under different treatment as well as those who may be put under asthma management yet they are in no way asthmatic .

Reference

Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier

Hello ,

Several of your ideas came together well for the Module 2 writing assignment. You provided good detail as you critiqued the study’s background. You are off to a good start as you present your findings on the topic regarding Asthma. You start off with good efforts reviewing the research method; please remember to also present a review of the research method in regards to the literature review and framework. Also, you start off well on your review of the research findings and ethical considerations. Please see above for additional feedback noted in bubble comments throughout. Also, continue to review APA 6th edition guidelines to assist in formatting. You are doing a good job overall. However, please note you are missing cited sources of the article your reviewed.

I hope the corrections will be of help to you for future writing assignments. Please remember to review the assignment guidelines and rubric to make certain all points are included as you prepare for the Week 3 quantitative critique. Remember to use the additional assignment guidelines presented as attachment on the assignment criteria page.

�� PAGE # "'Page: '#'�'" �Page: 2��APA is quite specific about the formatting of the document, including titles, page headers etc. You are presenting great efforts here. Pay closer attention to formatting your titles and subheadings per APA6th edition guidelines.

For more help click here: Please visit the Student Success Writing Center

Or you can visit the OWL site also listed as additional resource through GCU

For more help click here: �HYPERLINK "http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/"��http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/�

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�Nice job presenting the study’s background.

�You shared several good points in your research as you discuss the method; however it would have been beneficial to include critique of the literature review and framework per guidelines.

Please remember to review the assignment guidelines and rubric to make certain all points are included.

Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions?

Did the author identify a specific perspective from which the study was developed? If so, what was it?

Did the author cite quantitative and qualitative studies relevant to the focus of the study? What other types of literature did the author include?

Are the references current? For qualitative studies, the author may have included studies older than the 5-year limit typically used for quantitative studies. Findings of older qualitative studies may be relevant to a qualitative study.

Did the author evaluate or indicate the weaknesses of the available studies?

Did the literature review include adequate information to build a logical argument?

When a researcher uses the grounded theory method of qualitative inquiry, the researcher may develop a framework or diagram as part of the findings of the study. Was a framework developed from the study findings?

�Here you present good efforts discuss the study’s findings; it also would have been helpful to include review of the implications and how the findings contribute to nursing knowledge/science. Would this impact practice, education, administration, or all areas of nursing?

�Good job discussing the ethical considerations

�Nice job concluding your critique.

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The format for each entry depends on the source (book, interview, etc.).

Please visit the Student Success Writing Center:

or you can visit the OWL site also listed as additional resource through GCU

For more help click here: �HYPERLINK "http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/05/"��http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/05/�

�textbook source noted; however it appears as though your article sources and citations are missing throughout.

,

CLINICAL STUDY

Clinical study

Introduction

At one point or another, the challenges faced by the medical community in an attempt to provide quality medical care that is effective in prevention and treatment of disease and health conditions require further research to come up with the matching solutions. Such kinds of studies are conducted by a group of researchers, always composed of experts in their fields and for research of this kind, there is the need for a diverse group of professionals with specialties in both medical and diagnostic expertise, public health improvement and maintenance and even research and data documentation.

Summarizing the study

The goal of summarizing the study is providing a brief glimpse of the content covered within the article and in this case the summary is done as a segmentation of the parts of the research which include the content of the study, the inspiration behind the study as well as the methods that were applied by the select team during the research and finally, results achieved from the information gathered in the process of the research.

Contents of the research and the inspiration behind it

The study focused on asthma as a respiratory infection and the means of its diagnosis from the fact that the signs and symptoms that characterize asthma could be present in any infection of the respiratory duct of an individual. The study, therefore, focused on finding a means of standardizing the methods of diagnosis to ensure a timely diagnosis that would allow for optimum intervention. Through the research, the community involved hoped to reduce the impact of the ailment in the society and therefore improve the general health of the populace .

Methods employed in the research

In a matter of speaking, the methodology for the analysis was not limited to one aspect or type, and therefore there is no surprise when it turns out that the methods used in the study were either qualitative or quantitative. However, that is not to say that there wasn't a more popular method than the other because the qualitative analysis far outweighs its counterpart in the preference of utilization as far as the article in question is concerned.

In the course of the study, the researchers engaged in the application of techniques that would guarantee a most informed representation of facts that was as detailed as it was accurate to ensure that the findings generated were on point. Integration of the essential qualitative ideas assured their goals were achieved since their study entailed direct observation of patient check-ups and diagnostic procedures and conducting interviews with both the patients and their doctors. In this way, it was easier to find out where the challenge emanated from and how it could be addressed at every point of the process. However, that is not to say that qualitative analysis was not influential in the research. Such an assertion would be a lie based on the fact that quantitative analysis formed the most of the secondary information gathering processes used since the points from the doctors on instances, effects of misdiagnosis on the basis of numbers and projections of improvement once a solution is established are all the workings of quantitative analysis (Green, & Thorogood, 2018 ).

Findings

Given the resources and human resources allocated to the research, the results must have been considerable and logical if not useful once applied in the field, and that is the position of the article as well. Apart from obtaining the statistics on the current misdiagnosis trends, the study found out the effects of the problem and the potential solution in fixing the same. The facts of the situation are that appropriate diagnosis would probably simplify or even influence positively the management attempts in 25% of the cases of asthma, an action that would considerably impact their daily lives for the batter more so in the case of adults. In spite of the preceding statement, children are as much under the ax as the adults are since they constitute 8% of the total misdiagnosed population. With the absence of controversy or contest in regards to the statistics presented above, the verdict is that the data in the article are as accurate and detailed as they should be and gives anyone who reads it all the information that regards the topic of concern (Altman, 1990).

From the study conducted, the most significant result achieved about the topic of concern was the inclusion of isolation methods during diagnostic tests for asthma. In addition, the respiratory infections for which asthma could confuse are tested first in cases where medical examinations are viable hence leaving asthma as the only option. Apart from that, care for potential patients could be elongated meaning that rather than letting a patient go immediately after diagnostics, he or she could stay behind for a couple of nights at the hospital under professional observation to ensure that the right call was made .

Applying the findings in nursing

From the description of healing as the care and management of patients before and after treatment on the road to recovery, the serious nature of asthma means that the victim is always under the care and hence constantly under nursing. Since the responsibility of inpatient sections are under the authority of the nurses, they have the power of determination or at least contributing to the process by the extensive experiences with patients thereby reducing the workload of the physicians. In addition to that, the management practices for misdiagnosed patients fall directly under the care of nurses hence the need for their familiarity with the same, leaving the establishment no choice but to integrate the two departments, research and nursing to come up with a realistic faction of operations (Balter, et al., 2009 ).

Ethical considerations

The common denominator in most research actions about ethics is limited to two sectors of the research, obtaining information and releasing it. In most instances, the means of information archiving is not wholly legal since the bureaucratic red tape involved is too much and may cause delays in regards to research deadlines. On releasing information, the credibility of a subject depends on the authority of the source hence information in regards to mode of hospital operations must come from either an employee or patient. Consideration of releasing information labeled alongside the cause if they are not permitted to speak for the institution is a violation of the ethics and puts a target on the back of the individual. In considering morality and ethics, the researchers never mentioned names and had to seek an individual permit from the patients to access their hospital records .

References

Altman, D. G. (1990). Practical statistics for medical research. CRC press.

Balter, M. S., Bell, A. D., Kaplan, A. G., Kim, H., & McIvor, R. A. (2009). Management of asthma in adults. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 181(12), 915-922.

Green, J., & Thorogood, N. (2018). Qualitative methods for health research. Sage.

Hello ,

It was great to see your thoughts and ideas as you critique the research for the Module 3 writing assignment. Your critique on the research method provided some good detail; however you were required to review a study utilizing the quantitative research method, based on the quantitative assignment guidelines. You presented good efforts; however you are missing complete review of the study’s method, and also research framework . You are also missing key points concerning the ethical considerations. You did a good job overall discussing the research findings.

Please remember to review the assignment guidelines and rubric to make certain all points are included.

Please see above for additional feedback noted in my bubble comments. . Also, continue to review APA guidelines to assist you in your formatting. Overall, good job. I hope the corrections will be of help to you for future writing assignments.

�Not required to present in all caps. Good efforts noted.

�� PAGE # "'Page: '#'�'" �Page: 2��APA is quite specific about the formatting of the document, including titles, page headers etc. You are presenting great efforts here. Pay closer attention to formatting your titles and subheadings per APA6th edition guidelines.

For more help click here: Please visit the Student Success Writing Center

Or you can visit the OWL site also listed as additional resource through GCU

For more help click here: �HYPERLINK "http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/"��http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/�

�Nice job introducing your critique 2 paper!�

�Nice job presenting the study’s background.

�You shared several good points in your research; however it would have been beneficial to include critique of a specific quantitative study. a complete review of the following was also required.

Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by the authors. Were there benefits or risks the authors do not identify?

Was informed consent obtained from the subjects or participants?

Did it seem that the subjects participated voluntarily in the study?

Was institutional review board approval obtained from the agency in which the study was conducted?

Are the major variables (independent and dependent variables) identified and defined? What were these variables?

How were data collected in this study?

What rationale did the author provide for using this data collection method?

Identify the time period for data collection of the study.

Describe the sequence of data collection events for a participant.

Descri

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