John has enrolled in an art class and is learning how to convey depth perception in his drawings. John had thought about Gestal

Valerie Jeffcoat posted Jan 18, 2022 3:22 AM

Subscribe

This page automatically marks posts as read as you scroll.

Adjust automatic marking as read setting

· Describe the three things John can do in his drawings to convey depth convincingly.

To convey depth, John should use the similarity principle of Gestalt. This, along with the viewer's proximity, allows them to see the individual pieces

as part of a larger pattern (Goldstein, 2015). There are a few ways to convey depth, such as position, edging, size, and overlapping to name a few. In art, when drawing in a realistic style, it is helpful to draw from direct observation or by using reference images. 3D images always display depth in a painting. Size of a drawing would create a sense of space and adds dimension. In essence, the main key to creating depth in a painting is to use multiple methods to create a 3D look.

Explain how Gestalt principles can be applied to everyday and real-life vision perceptions.

Humans, according to Gestalt psychologists, prefer to view objects as complete rather than focusing on the gaps they may include. When specific rules are used, individuals prefer to arrange visual components into groups or unified wholes, according to Gestalt theory (Goldstein, 2015). The Gestalt principle has three general rules: objects are viewed in their most basic form; people instinctively follow lines or curves, and the mind will fill in details that aren't present (Goldstein, 2015). Gestalt theory can even be applied in real-life. For example, you can use the gestalt theory to design websites. This gives the site a more aesthetic appeal and attract more people to it. Gestalt techniques can also be used in therapy by helping the therapist detect issues that need solving. Gestalt psychologists are also trained to look out for specific language patterns while their patient speaks (Clarke, 2021).

Consider a community where most people have achromatopsia.

Describe this vision disorder and its causes.

Achromatopsia is characterized by reduced visual acuity, pendular nystagmus, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), a small central scotoma, eccentric fixation, and reduced or complete loss of color discrimination (Khol & Wissinger, et al., 2004). Defects in one of a few genes cause achromatopsia. The CNGB3 and CNGA3 genes are the most prevalent genes linked to the disease; mutations in these genes account for roughly 75% of cases. GNAT2, PDE6C, and PDE6H mutations can also cause the illness. Color discrimination is impaired in all people with achromatopsia (achromats) along all three axes of color vision, which refers to the three cone classes: the protan or long-wavelength-sensitive cone axis (red), the deutan or middle-wavelength-sensitive cone axis (green), and the tritan or short-wavelength-sensitive cone axis (blue) (Khol & Wissinger, et al., 2004). Individuals with limited achromatopsia have less severe visual symptoms.

· Based on what you know about rod and cone vision, explain how the community could be modified to compensate for this vision disorder.

To compensate for this vision disorder, Dark or special filter glasses or red-tinted contact lenses reduce photophobia and may improve visual acuity. Low vision aids include high-powered magnifiers for reading as well as digital/electronic devices (Khol & Wissinger, et al., 2004). It is also possible to ensure that others are aware of the illness so that those who suffer from it are not discriminated against. Children with the disorder should be seat in from of the classroom to get maximum benefit of magnifying devices.

Reference:

Clarke, J. (2021). What is Gestalt Therapy? Retrieved from: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-gestalt-therapy-4584583

Goldstein, E. B. (2015). Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research and Everyday Experience, (4th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9781285763880

Kohl S, Jägle H, Wissinger B, et al. Achromatopsia. 2004 Jun 24 [Updated 2018 Sep 20]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1418/

Contains unread posts

Pamela Reno posted Jan 19, 2022 1:10 PM

Subscribe

John can use the principles of Gestalt, namely the use of monocular cues, to create depth in his two-dimensional drawing.

Firstly, he can use the knowledge of various monocular cues to create depth perception. For instance, he can use the cues of linear perspective, by drawing objects closer to the horizon relatively smaller. At the same time, he can show that the images which are larger and are horizontally distant from each, are closer to the viewer and therefore clearer (Goldstein, 2015).

Secondly, he can use the principle of similarity by manipulating how and which objects look similar to one another. According to the law of similarity, viewers will perceive the individual elements as part of a pattern or group. And thus, objects which are similar in shape, size, or color can be made to create a sense of depth and the viewer may perceive that there is a relatively shorter distance between similar objects which occur on the same plane compared to the dissimilar ones (Goldstein, 2015).

Thirdly, John can incorporate the monocular cue of texture gradient by portraying the nearby objects in finer details such as rough texture, vibrant and clear color hues, whereas minimizing such details on faraway objects. Texture gradients are grains of an item; it regulates eye movement- in such a way that one sees the pattern nearer to the eye level more clearly than objects or images that are farther away (Goldstein, 2015).

John can indeed utilize the knowledge of Gestalt theorists within his creative works.

People with achromatopsia have a total or a partial absence in their color vision. Individuals with complete achromatopsia can only see black, white, and shades of grey. Whereas, individuals with incomplete achromatopsia can only see some colors but not others. Between 4 and 10% of the people belonging to the Pingelapese island have complete achromatopsia. This disorder is caused by a type of gene mutation that is present in these people (Wise, 2001).

In people with achromatopsia, the cones are non-functional. Cones are responsible for providing daylight vision (vision in bright light), whereas the rods are responsible for providing night vision (low light). Due to this mutation, the phototransduction is affected since the cones cannot react properly to the light., thus resulting in achromatopsia. On a community or societal level, since achromatopsia is inherited by autosomal recessive pattern, if two individuals in which each of them is possessing the mutated copy of the gene mates, then their child, who will possess both their genes will have achromatopsia, if an individual with one copy of the mutated gene mates with an individual who does not have a mutated copy of the gene, then their children will not have achromatopsia as they will inherit only one copy of the mutated gene (NCBI, 2021). We could also be more sensitized and focus on creating more opportunities for people with such disorders. The least is by attempting to reduce the physical/societal barriers and allowing free exploration. Also, creating awareness and attempting to remove the stigma surrounding their disorder is another measure that could be adopted.

References:

Goldstein, E. B. (2015). Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research and Everyday Experience, (4th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9781285763880