? Students will develop a 3500-4000 word paper that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, s

Running Head: Capstone Project Change Proposal 1

Capstone Project Change Proposal 2

Capstone Project Change Proposal

Name

Course

Tutor

23rd November 2018

Background

Hands-only CPR has been identified as an effective method in the reduction of mortality rate arising from cardiac arrest in patients. It is especially effective when it comes to the ability of both health professionals, and bystanders performing it in the event that a person is in need of it. Various studies have been conducted on the hands-only CPR, with greater focus on how lives can be saved more if people have knowledge on the increase of the chances of survival. The importance of this training has been focused upon, so that more people can have knowledge, and make it possible to save lives, even when they least expect it. The materials in the literature review have, also focused on the comparison between the hands-only CPR, and the standard CPR, or the hands plus breathing CPR. The effectiveness of the hands-only CPR is clear.

Problem statement

In an ideal world, chances of survival would be increased by having all individuals know how to perform hands-only CPR, to be used in the event that a person goes into cardiac arrest. However, this is not the case. A good number of people have ended up dying as a result of bystanders not being aware of what they should when a person experiences cardiac arrest. The mortality rate, as a result, has been high. The issue with this is that there are more people dying than there should be, and more people losing their lives than should be saved. According to a fact sheet from the American Heart Association in 2016, a lot of cardiac arrests take place in the United States, with the number standing at 350,000 annually. They take place out of hospital, as opposed to within the hospital premises.

It was found that only about 10% of cardiac arrest patients survive, when it happens out of the hospital. This is alarming. To solve this, hands-only CPR should be made part of the syllabus of school-going children, as well as the directions being made freely available on the internet, and as mandatory training in every organization. With such information being available to more people, survival rates are set to increase, thus increasing the chances of cardiac arrest patients to receive assistance. Hands-only CPR remains knowledgeable only to a handful of people among the millions in the United States, but this can be changed by including it in education, and organizational training. Hands-only CPR is a significant way of increasing the survival rate of many patients around the world, who are prone to cardiac arrest.

Purpose of proposal change

Greater focus should be placed on the importance of hands-only CPR in the event of cardiac arrest. This is a weightier topic compared to urinary tract infections since the issue with UTIs leads to infections, while the hands-only CPR issue has a lot to do with loss of lives. Given the fact that 90% of cardiac arrest patients who experience heart attacks out of hospital end up losing their lives, then it only makes sense to focus more on that which requires more attention (hands-only CPR).

PICOT

The patient in this case of the hands-only CPR is an adult that has experienced cardiac arrest. Hands-only CPR aids in the reduction of mortality rate in adults that experience cardiac arrest. The intervention to be applied is the effective hands-only CPR method which comes in handy when bystanders are informed on the same. The comparison in this case is the hands plus breathing CPR, which when performed by a person who is not knowledgeable in the area, may lead to death. Hands-only CPR remains the most effective for people with little knowledge on performing CPR. The outcome of the hands-only CPR method performance is the reduction in the mortality rate of the affected patients, thus increasing the survival rate. Lastly, hands-only CPR can lead to survival of an adult experiencing cardiac arrest in a matter of seconds, or minutes, especially when the emergency team is not there yet.

Literature search strategy employed

The strategy employed in acquiring literature research material is the focus on the effectiveness of hands-only CPR. The difference that a knowledgeable bystander can make in the life of an adult experiencing cardiac arrest, also appears in the literature material. Narrowing down on hands-only CPR helps give greater focus on the cardiac arrest issue.

Literature evaluation

According to article by Anette (2017), the author writes a doctoral thesis with funding from the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation. The publisher is Linkoping University’s Electronic Press. The author provides a list of reliable references, with a peer-reviewed article resulting. The article is as current as 2017, with the audience being students. The specific goal of the author is to inform on bystander training. The writers of Sayre, Berg, Cave, et al. (2008) are affiliated with the American Heart Association, with the publisher being the American Heart Association. The authors provide a list of 52 references with the work having been peer-reviewed. The publication date is 2008, with information being for the public. The specific goal of the authors is to provide information on hands-only CPR to bystanders. The authors of Norris, & O’Brien (2012) are retired cardiologists. The publisher is the New Zealand Medical Association. The authors provide four references that are peer-reviewed. The journal is from 2012, with focus on the public, researchers, and professionals. The specific goal is to inform on effectiveness of hands-only CPR. Heidenreich, Bonner, Sanders, et al., (2010) write on behalf of the Journal of Emergency Medicine, with the latter being the publisher. The article has 49 peer-reviewed references, with the article written in 2010. The audience is the older adults, and professionals. The specific goal is to compare standard, and hands-only CPR (Pyrczak, 2018).

Applicable change/nursing theory utilized

The applicable change theory is Lippitt’s change theory, which aids with elimination of potential problems. The theory has to be applied with the focus on effectiveness of combination of the theory with the democratic type of leadership. The theory includes problem diagnosis in lack of hands-only CPR training; motivation assessment; change agent’s resource, and motivation assessment; progressive change agent selection; change agent’s role chosen; change maintenance; and helping relationship termination. The various steps involve assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The change agent here is schools, health facilities, and organizations (Mitchell, 2013).

Proposed implementation plan

The case for change should be compelling with its significance mentioned, the person in charge ought to ensure that they have support from various facilities’ (schools, hospitals, organizations) leaders, and governance arrangement is determined regarding training. Training goals are established, and current issues in the absence of hands-only CPR are analyzed. The hands-only CPR training change plan is developed, the change package containing information to be shared is developed, the piloting within one organization is conducted with others following suit through sustenance, and spreading. Lastly, outcome measurement is conducted through looking at the client reactions, learning from clients, checking client behavior, and checking whether the change has brought positive results. If not, evaluation, and improvement are called upon for effectiveness of the adoption of the training process (Bick, & Graham, 2010).

Potential barrier identification

Potential barriers to the implementation of the training of bystanders are in the change of school syllabuses which requires money that might not have been planned for, barriers in adoption within organizations as part of their training, and in accessing training materials. To help overcome these barriers, the government should intervene, and make it a national issue, so that all facilities, and organizations are required to have this as part of their daily routine. The government can, also chip in, in the acquisition of training materials, as an encouragement of the organizations, and facilities to see the significance of having this practice available everywhere.

References

Bick, D., & Graham, I. D. (2010). Evaluating the impact of implementing evidence-based practice. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing Management (through 2013), 20(1), 32.

PYRCZAK, F. R. E. D. T. C. H. E. R. N. I.-B. U. Z. Z. E. O. M. A. R. I. A. (2018). EVALUATING RESEARCH IN ACADEMIC JOURNALS: A practical guide to realistic evaluation. S.l.: CRC PRESS.

,

Folly Associated Urinary Tract Infection in United State

NRS 490

10/14/2018

Folly Associated Urinary Tract Infection in United States

Problem

According to Chenoweth & Saint (2013), urinary tract infections are some of the major categories of medically related infections triggered by the arrangement of the urinary tract. The infection is caused by the use of an indwelling urinary folly.

In the United States, about 70% of cases revolving around urinary tract infections among patients, are attributed to a catheter, inserted at the urethra, which is remarkably prevalent in all hospitals. The use of indwelling urinary Cather is typically used for a short-term period, while long-lasting Cather is most common among patients seeking long-term care. The United States point prevalence survey points out urinary tract infection accounts for about 13 % of health infections (Magill et al., 2014).

The significance of the problem

A common disorder about the patient on a medical-surgical acute care unit is the inability to avoid urinary tract infection, which occurs when the bladder is unable to empty itself. The urinary tract infection may occur due to the retention, ranging from the obstruction of the urinary structure to nerve problems and medications. While urinary tract problem is more widespread, the decision to catheterize the patient is a debatable topic among most hospitals in the United States, for example, American Nurses Association, Nursing World (2009), notes that the fourth and the 5th floor of Hershey Medical Center, in the United States, has an influx of post-operative patients, with urinary tract infections. The healthcare staff working at Hershey Medical Centre, are overwhelmed with this large number of patients; therefore, they make hasty decisions which necessitates the use of catheterize among these patients.

Impact of the problem

The increased rate of urinary infection tract, has elicited and attracted researchers, to find solutions about the appropriate intervention which can be used to treat and minimize cases of urinary tract infections Burton & Deron (2011), points out that these interventions aim at raising awareness among all the healthcare staff specialized in treating urinary tract infection. The awareness can be done by educating the nurse and health care staff about the guidelines of using Catharize to treat patients. However, Marra et al., (2011), points out that most healthcare facilities in the United States, have no specific guidelines which they can utilize, to treat urinary tract infections.

Proposed solution and suggestions

Nevertheless, Conway et al., (2012), posits that with the introduction and the execution of a standardized health care facility, most hospitals in the United States, can embrace Catheter-associated urinary tract infections protocols, which will help reduce the increased number of urinary tract infection. According to Bhatia, et al., (2010), the introduction of practical, clear and strict guidelines, offers most healthcare facilities with the chance and opportunity to provide patients suffering from urinary tract infections. The directive also provides advanced care for all hospitalized patients; hence doctors at Hershey Medical Centre can implement policy guidelines, including the use of bladder bundle, which allows them and the other medical team, to follow a specified protocol when inserting or removing the Cather, from the urinary tract.

Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Infectious Disease Society of America, (2008), proposes the need of safely care for patients with inherent risk, undergoing urinary tract treatment, through integrating and combining all relevant measures such as establishing surgical protocol and increasing more health staff to minimize a large number of patients. A combined intervention helps reduce the rate of patients suffering from Urinary tract infection.

References

American Nurses Association, Nursing World. The Nursing Process (2009). American Nurses Association. http://www.nursingworld.org.

Bhatia, N., Daga, M. K., Garg, S., & Prakash, S. K. (2010). Urinary Catheterization in Medical Wards. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 2(2), 83–90

Burton, Deron C DC (2011). "Trends in catheter-associated urinary tract infections in adult intensive care units – United States, 1990-2007.". Infection control and hospital epidemiology (0899-823X), 32 (8), p. 748.

Chenoweth, C., & Saint, S. (2013). Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in the intensive care

Conway, L. J., Pogorzelska, M., Larson, E., & Stone, P. W. (2012). Adoption of policies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in United States intensive care units. American journal of infection control, 40(8), 705-710.

Magill, S. S., Edwards, J. R., Bamberg, W., Beldavs, Z. G., Dumyati, G., Kainer, M. A., … & Ray, S. M. (2014). Multistate point-prevalence survey of health care–associated infections. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(13), 1198-1208.

Marra et al., (2011), Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection in the zero-tolerance era, American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 39, Issue 10, December 2011, Pages 817-822, ISSN 0196-6553.

Society for Healthcare Epidemiology & Infectious Disease Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. (2008) 46 (2): 155-164. doi: 10.1086/524891

,

Running Head: LITERATURE EVALUATION 1

LITERATURE EVALUATION 4

Literature Evaluation

,

Running Head: PICOT STATEMENT 1

PICOT STATEMENT 2

PICOT Statement

NRS 490

Grand Canyon University

Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers

Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.

Get ZERO PLAGIARISM, HUMAN WRITTEN ESSAYS

Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?

Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.

We write plagiarism Free Content

Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.

Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.