SECTION A? Critical Situation Introduction: Every term paper must begin by briefly describing the major problems with the po

SECTION A– Critical Situation Introduction: Every term paper must begin by briefly describing the major problems with the police agency that caused the United States Department of Justice to institute an intensive study of the organization. Triggering factors could include multiple instances of use of deadly and/or excessive force, multiple instances of the use of unlawful/unconstitutional searches and seizures and outright racism shown by the police agency’s personnel to members of the community that they are there to serve.   

SECTION B–THE FAILURE and DOJ FINDINGS: Describe in detail the cataclysmic breakdown or chronic weaknesses that threw the organization into crisis.  This description of organizational failure is central to your paper.  The reader of your paper should be fully informed about the scandalous behaviors, disastrous events, wrong-headed decisions and bankrupt performances that damaged the organization’s reputation, strained its credibility or threatened its very survival.  Let your reader fully appreciate what happens when a space shuttle blows up, when traitor FBI and CIA agents operate undetected for decades, when giant corporations implode in weeks, or when a crime lab proves so unreliable that prosecutors go elsewhere.  Your reader should be left with no doubt about just how bad things were, and what the repercussions were.  (For instance, the few gangster cops of LAPD’s Rampart Division discredited the LAPD, set off media exposes, inspired the “rogue cop” movie Training Day, poisoned hundreds of convictions letting felons walk, generated massive damage awards, and brought the department under a U.S. Department of Justice Consent Decree for years.)  Describe the scope and implications of the disaster that befell your organization in a similar but more extended and detailed way.

SECTION C–Symptomatic Analysis: Organizations don’t get sick overnight.  In all of the assigned cases, important symptoms appeared long before the actual breakdown occurred.  In this section of the paper, you must identify and explain in detail any such symptoms and their relation to the crisis.  This requires, in many cases, a history of particular organizational elements that came to play a central role in the ultimate failure.  The factors below are simply the most common symptoms that can signal impending organizational crisis.  Given the range of cases that students may study, the symptoms that lead up to the organizational crisis may be different from, or in addition to, those listed below. Do not confine yourself to the list below if your organization’s problems stem from other factors. 

• Sudden changes in customer preferences/citizen expectations/regulatory rules
• Inappropriate organizational responses to changing customer/citizen demands 
• Unrecognized/Ignored/Dismissed changes by the organization’s competitors 
• Failure of the organization to manage changes in its size and/or structure
• Failure to respond to/keep up with changes in technology 
• Management policies that encourage damaging employee behaviors 
• Damaging performance by the chief executive of the organization
• Conflict or lack of dissent within the executive ranks
• An inward-looking, self-serving organizational culture 

SECTION D–Diagnosis: After identifying and explaining the symptoms underlying the failure, you must categorize the condition of your organization in terms of one or more of the following: Normal Accident, Resource Diversion, Oversight Failure, Structural Failure, Cultural Deviance, or Institutionalization. These categories are explained in Why Law Enforcement Organizations Fail, Chapter 2, and are elaborated in detail throughout the remainder of the book.  

Start this section by defining the diagnostic category or categories that you believe apply.  Then you must carefully show how the symptoms you have identified in Section C relate to the diagnostic categories you have chosen.  The reader should finish this section satisfied that he or she understands how individual things that went wrong relate to a larger organizational pathology that infected your organization. 

(A note on the "bad person" explanation: Many of these cases feature key individuals who are larcenous or stupid or negligent.  They are, indeed, "bad employees or leaders" who negatively impact the organization.  "Bad leaders/employees", however, is not a diagnostic category.  This is because employees–high and low–are sustained by the systems that surround them.  "Bad" employees are nurtured by cultures that accept them, organizational structures that enable them, territoriality that insulates them and supervisors blind to their offenses. You need not ignore the role "bad persons/leaders" played in your organization’s crisis.  But be sure to focus mostly on how such destructive behaviors were enabled by the structures and policies of the organization.) 

SECTION E–Summary and Current State of Affairs:  This section should briefly reprise for the reader what has been presented in the paper and should, in no more than a page, describe where the organization stands today, both in general and with respect to the function that was at the center of the organization’s failure. 

SETTING UP YOUR PAPER IN WORD

• The first step in writing a research paper, other than choosing a topic, is developing an outline format of what you want to explain to the reader
• The second step is to locate your sources and list them in the References Tab of Word

• Open the Reference Tab and select your Citation Style under “Style”

• Click on the Manage Sources section, select Type of Source (Book, Document from the Web, Journal Article, etc.) and insert the information for your first source

• After you’ve entered all the sources that you anticipate using, you can start composing your paper (you can always add sources later). Please remember that as soon as you start to add sources, save the paper.
• When you need to insert a citation click on References and Insert Citation. A drop down list of the references that you’ve entered will appear; click on the one that you wish to cite
• If the citation is a direct quote, you will need to have a page number accompany it; click on the citation and an Edit Citation box will appear. Type in the page number and click OK. In this box you can also suppress the author’s name, the year, or the title of the publication.

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