Bill of Rights and the 14th Amendment Summary and Paraphrase

Summarize and paraphrase The Bill of Rights (each of the first ten amendments) and the 14th Amendment (hint: only the first section of the 14th Amendment is relevant for this assignment, so no need to summarize the other sections). You should have ten separate summaries and paraphrases for the Bill of Rights and then one separate summary for the 14th Amendment. Just do a key word search on Google to find the original Bill of Rights and the Constitution.

Remember, to summarize means to shorten and to make brief, and to paraphrase means to put in your own words. In other words, do not copy and paste summaries from other sources. This assignment is not a copy and paste assignment. This assignment is three-fold: later, when you choose your position, the directions require your essay to use one Amendment; again, another assignment so you can practice the very important and essential skills of summarizing and paraphrasing; and to simply understand key principles that make the United States special and democratic.

Use the adjacent Module page, Original Bill of Rights & the 14th Amendment, section 1, for this assignment.

Avoid passive voice (do not use weak verbs like "contains," "describes," "discuss," "deals with," or "talks about"). Use strong and clear verbs: guarantees, states, protects.

Use complete sentences (with strong and clear verbs).

Identify only key points.

You should end-up with only one or two sentences per amendment.

A little background that should help you for this assignment:

The Bill of Rights–1 through 10–protect and privilege individual rights over and above any State or group "right" (majority rule; in other words, The Bill of Rights restricts government or State over-reach and any oppression from the State.

One can also argue that the key tenant of the 14th Amendment also protects individual rights but only in a more narrow sense of citizenship defined through a "if-then" clause–if you are born or naturalized, you get certain rights.

Hope this point clears up and helps your summaries–remember, just focus on the key points of each Amendment to your best ability (only use historical references to support that key point or points).

When you see a key phrase it is OK to include it without quotation marks or you can use quotation marks integrated into your paraphrase. Make sense? In other words, I would much rather see you use "due process" than trying to come up with a synonym. Or "equal protection," etc. But try to use your own words for antiquated terms like "assembly" or "petition."

Do your best to summarize and paraphrase (put in your own words) this assignment; I posted one student example of the First Amendment–of course, your words will be different and still be successful, I am sure. Summarize and paraphrase each Amendment of the Bill of Rights and the 14th Amendment.

Amendment 1–Successful Student Example:
The First Amendment guarantees that all people under the American government have the right to religion and free speech, as well as to gather and protest as they see fit, without punishment. Because of this Amendment, we can speak our minds, voice unpopular opinions, publish our grievances (think social media today) and ask the government to fix those grievances.

I hope this further clarifies the assignment–later, you will be required to use one or two of these Amendments to support or counter in your  argumentative paper, the Position paper.

For example, one key tenant of the First Amendment, freedom of expression, can be used to support Choice in legalizing aid in dying–essentially, you would argue that the expression of choice is a "speech act" made manifest and thereby protected by the First Amendment.

Of course, you can use the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against "cruel and unusual punishment" strongly supports abolishing the death penalty–further pointing out that cruel is different from unusual (for example, it is unusual for the State to kill its own citizens).

Here is a riddle to simply ponder: how does four key tenants (of the five key tenants) of the First Amendment support Colin Kapernick’s taking a knee? Just think it through–no need to respond, but I hope you understand how the Bill of Rights, especially, define American values and rights.

Here is another question/riddle: what Amendment and what clause did the Supreme Court use to legalize same-sex marriage in every State?

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