School Gardens and their associations on fruit and vegetable intake among school-aged children
Written Component: The written research paper is a modified systematic reviewof a nutrition-related topic selectedby the student and approved by the instructors in charge of the class. Please note, only one student per semester may select a topic. The topic should address issues with anextensive body of primary research to provideadequate information for a criticalsummary and applications for practice.
To receiveapproval for the topic, submit a brief description of the proposed topic alongwith links to (or copies of) at leastfour research articles related to the topic. These articles should be primaryresearch articles, such as randomizedcontrol trials, cohort studies, non-randomized control studies, andcase-control studies; and secondary studieslimited to meta-analyses. Casestudies, commentaries, review articles, narrative reviews and medical opinionsare not acceptable.
The review should be based on a focusedresearch question utilizing the following criteria:
P: Study participants or population
I: Intervention or exposure (if observational)
C: Comparisonor control (if thereis one)
O: Outcome
The format of the modifiedsystematic review should include the following:
o Abstract: The abstract provides thereader with a brief overview of the paper. It should not exceed 300 words.Use a structured abstractformat including
o Background,
o Objective,
o Methods,
o Results and
o Conclusions.
Introduction: This section is a summary of the literature that provides thejustification and support for why a systematic review of the selected topic isrequired. It should include:
o Define the topic and explain why itis important, Describe the nutrition-related issue,the incidence, prevalence, (~1 paragraph)
o Describewhat we already know about the topic. Include abrief discussion of the most importantliterature to provide a general overview and background on the topicand to explain why thetopic is important. Include who is at risk, the health consequences, howit is assessed and the need for better methods to improve practice,if applicable. (~2 paragraphs)
o Describe the gap in knowledge and why addressingit is needed plus the purpose of the modifiedsystematic review.
o Literature Review / Background: The background is a detailed review ofliterature relevant to the topic of yourpaper. It should provide the reader with the information needed to understandthe importance of the 8 to 10 articlesselected for the modified systematic review. Include:
o Theapproach taken so far toward solving theproblem including pertinent definitions, assessment tools, etc.
o A comparison of the methods used orthe evolution of the methods
o The findingsand conclusions
o Strengths and limitations of existing research
o The last paragraph of the LiteratureReview/Background section should introduce the need for systematic review.
o Start this paragraph with a sentence or two thatsummarize what is known about your topic andwhat gap(s) remains that is relevantto your own study.
o Then state the research question using the PICOformat and overall purpose or objective. For example, The current study focuses on theresearch question: [Your PICO research question]. The objective of this review is to
The literature review/background should weave the studiestogether explaining how they support each other or how they disagree. Describesimilarities or differences in the methodsused or resultsobtained. NOTE: The Literature Review / Background section should be ~4-5 pages in length,double spaced.
o Methods:The methods provide detailed information about how the study wasconducted. Provide sufficient detail so that the reader canassess the rigor of the study and could replicate the methods, if needed.Include:
o Overall design (i.e.,modified systematic review).
o Inclusion and exclusion criteria
o Search terms including Boolean operators(connector/conjunction terms like AND, OR, NOT and AND NOT)
o Database(s)used to conduct the search: PubMed, Google Scholar, and at least one other database (e.g., Scopus, PsychInfo)
o Description of data extraction using the Academyof Nutrition and Dietetics EvidenceAnalysis Libraries Worksheets (seethe Evidence Analysis Manual for detailedinformation on the EAL Worksheets). A fillable copy of the DataExtraction & QCC Worksheet is posted on the courses Canvas page.
o Description of the critical appraisal method,(see the Evidence Analysis Manual for detailedinformation on the Quality CriteriaChecklists). A copy of the Data Extraction & QCC Worksheet is posted on the coursesCanvas page.
o Results:Include
o Description of the themes that emerged (e.g., study designs,study groups, exposures, outcomes,etc.)
This should be in a narrative format.
The narrative summary can be organized bythemes, if applicable. In each theme categoryinclude
Number of studiesin the category
Summary of study characteristics (design,study groups, measures,etc.) and
Summary of results,both concurring and contradictory
Summary of critical appraisals (from QCC tally sheet)
o Discussion:
o Broad summary of results
o Comparison to previousresearch novelor consistent.
o Strengths and limitations of the studies included in the review
o Strengths and limitation of the modifiedsystematic review
o Conclusion statement
o Implicationsfor practice and future research:Concisely state:
Howthe findings or major conclusions could be applied to clinical or public healthnutrition practices,
Recommendations for additional research tostrengthen the conclusions or extend the results to larger audiences.
Public policy implications, if applicable.
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