Rene Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Immanuel Kant

Must use the book Western Philosophy (which can be found online using “Lib Gen”)

Please give the argument for each claim; you may use a concrete example to illustrate the arguments, however, be sure to state the arguments (by giving reasons or evidence for each Philosopher’s analytical/particular or allegorical/universal conclusion).

 Essay’s guiding questions:

• Using the readings in our Text, explain what arguments does Descartes use to cast doubts in previous beliefs? Why the preposition ‘I think, therefore, I exist’ has a special kind of certainty? How does he try to prove that the ‘intuition of  intellect’ is an essential nature of human beings, independent of body?
• What is Locke’s argument against innate knowledge?
• What is Hobbes argument for the claim that the reason behind every action is our ‘mutual self interest?’
• How does Kant’s theory of knowledge involve a amalgamation of ‘practical and pure reason?’ How pure Morality (Ethics), Science, Mathematics, and Metaphysics possible? how experience is the soil that cultivate our intellect?

 In an (non-polemic) essay, explain the modern ages attempt (Rene Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Immanuel Kant), to answer the question of epistemology (How do I know, what I Know).  If these (at least two) Modern Philosophers are attempting to account for the world as we experience it, then how do they differ in their sense of morality (Ethics), attitudes (Metaphysics), and methods of inquiry (Epistemology)

*in your closing paragraph explain if you are an idealist or realist and expalin why?*

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