Practical includes independence in areas such as personal care

Jasmine Mbome

RE: Group A Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorder

COLLAPSE

Good morning Group A (ODD group members),

It is amazing how much we can learn from each other, great job on your presentation. Clients diagnosed with ODD, could also possibly be diagnosed with other co-morbidities. Therefore, it is important to carefully look into presenting signs and symptoms, to properly associate the behavior to the diagnosis. Once these clients are diagnosed it follows them for life. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) can be defined as an extended pattern of anger, irritability, and defiant or vindictive behavior (Sadock, Sadock & Ruiz, 2014). The presenting symptoms could be misinterpreted during infancy and early childhood. It is important to have in mind that such behaviors are considered normal during development in children age’s two to three and in children in the early adolescent phase of development (Beebe-Frankenberger, 2013).

However, it becomes an issue when the oppositional behavior becomes regular and looks like is there to stay if nothing is done about the situation it put everyone involve into; to the point where the client’s social, family, and academic life are all affected. Once this is established, and the hostility towards parents, teachers, and/or other authority figures is determined, ODD is then diagnosed with more comfort considering the pattern in the presenting case (Ma, 2014).

References

Beebe-Frankenberger, M. (2013). PSYX 345.01: Child/Adolescent Psychological Disorders.

Ma, N. L. H. T. (2014). The mental health and wellbeing of siblings of children with mental health problems: two decades of research (Doctoral dissertation).

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

RE: Group B Intellectual Disability

COLLAPSE

Group B,

I enjoyed reading your guide regarding intellectual disabilities. I wanted to add that there are three areas of adaptive functioning that are considered when diagnosing intellectual disability, the three areas are conceptual, social and practical. Conceptual includes language, reading, writing, math, knowledge and memory. Social includes empathy, social judgement, communication skills, and the ability to make and keep friendships. Practical includes independence in areas such as personal care, job responsibilities, managing money, recreation and organizing school and work tasks (American Psychiatric Association, 2017). Adaptive functioning is assessed through standardized measures with the individual and interviews with family members, teachers, and caregivers.

Another I would add for parents is that they can connect with other parents of children with disabilities for support and be patient because learning may come slower for their children (The National Institute of Mental Health, 2018). They can also check their local community for opportunities for social and recreational activities for their child as well.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2017). What is intellectual disability? Psychiatry.Org. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/intellectual-disability/what-is-intellectual-disability

The National Institute of Mental Health. (2018). Children and mental health. Www.Nimh.Nih.Gov. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/children-and-mental-health/index.shtml#pub1