Discuss how initial settings are determined including alarms
Types of High-Frequency Ventilators
High-frequency ventilators deliver rates between 150 and 3000 breaths per minute (bpm). The major types of HFV are categorized by the frequency of ventilation and the method with which the tidal volume is delivered. The four categories of ventilators are high-frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV); high flow jet ventilation (HFJV), high-frequency flow interruption (HFFI), and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV).
• HFPPV – HFPPV is merely conventional ventilatory breaths delivered at rates between 60 and 150 breaths per minutes. The delivery of low tidal volumes during HFPPV occurs via convective air movement, in which tidal volume exceeds dead space and results in lower PaCO2 blood levels with the use of lower FiO2 percentages.
• HFFI – HFFI can deliver frequencies as high as 15 Hz. In this type of HFV, a controlled mechanism, usually a rotating ball with a gas pathway, interrupts a high-pressure gas source to deliver rapid rates. As with HFPPV and HFJV, exhalation occurs passively.
• HFJV – HFJV operate in the range of 4 to 11 Hz. The high-frequency jet ventilator delivers a high-pressure pulse of gas to the patient’s airway. This is done through a special adaptor attached to the end of the endotracheal tube or through a specially designed endotracheal tube (ETT) that allows the pulsed gas to exit inside the endotracheal tube. HFJV is used in tandem with a conventional ventilator. The purpose of the conventional ventilator is threefold. ◦First, it provides occasional sighs, which help stimulate the production of surfactant and prevent microatelectasis.
◦Second, the conventional ventilator provides PEEP to the patients’ airway.
◦Third, it provides a continuous flow of gas through the ETT for entrainment by the jet ventilator.
• HFOV- HFOV utilizes the highest rates, usually in the range of 8-30 Hz. These oscillatory waves produce a vibration or shaking motion of the patient’s chest that should be observed to verify sufficient amplitude and thus gas delivery. HFOV is the most widely used method of HFV. It does not require a specialized ETT or conventional ventilation in tandem for operation.
Choose one type of high-frequency ventilation listed above and answer the following questions.
1. Describe the type of ventilation you selected and the type of patient indicated for use
2. Discuss how initial settings are determined including alarms
3. Describe potential hazards and or complications that may occur with the use of the ventilation you selected
4. Discuss a long-term injury that may occur as a result of prolonging ventilation and high levels of oxygen. Indicate how the injury you discussed could have been prevented.
You must submit the assignment in APA format including two cited references.
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