Dq 1 1) ????T.M. ???Topic 7 DQ 1 Anaphylaxis also know as Anaphylactic Shock

Dq 1

1)     T.M.    Topic 7 DQ 1

Anaphylaxis also know as Anaphylactic Shock is an allergic reaction like no other. This reaction can happen in seconds, minutes or hours. The reaction could even cause death. There are different triggers from peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, milk, and eggs. Even some spices can cause a reaction. Some drugs like antibiotics can be a trigger and rubber latex. The triggers are normally discovered in childhood which seems to be the right time in the life cycle because the Anaphylaxis would seem easier to handle,

When triggers are known people can be prepared by having a known compound called Epinephrine available at all times. But the body reaches as the smooth muscle will spasm in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, vasodilation occurs and the nerve endings are stimulated.

Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline is secreted from the adrenal glands. The function is to increase cardiac output and It also increases glucose levels. Epi-pens are available to those who have had any type of trigger to carry with them just in case they have a trigger. It is better to be prepared. When you go into Anaphylactic Shock you don’t know how your body will respond. A lot of the reactions have to do with the wet mucous tissue and the respiratory organs. Just imaging suddenly not being able to breathe.

References

Harvard Health Publishing. (2009, September). Anaphylaxis: An overwhelming allergic reaction. https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/anaphylaxis-an-overwhelming-allergic-reaction.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5816, Epinephrine. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Epinephrine

DQ 2

1) J W postsRe: Topic 7 DQ 2

Hello professor and class,

There are many complications that could happen when a woman is pregnant with multiple babies. Some of those complications are preterm labor and birth, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, postpartum hemorrhage, Intrauterine growth restriction and placental abruption. In preterm labor and birth, many infants born before 37 weeks are considered premature. Babies born premature have bodies and organs which are not fully developed. They are small with low birth weights (weighing below 5 lbs). They may need help with breathing, eating, fighting infection and staying warm (maintaining homeostasis). Gestational hypertension leads to preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a disorder of vascular endothelial function and vasospasm which happens 20 weeks after gestation and last as long as 4-6 weeks post-partum. It is defined by hypertension (blood pressure greater than 140/90mm) and proteinuria (protein in the urine). Gestational diabetes occurs due to insulin resistance. This occurs where the body does not respond to insulin normally and some pregnancy hormones disrupt the usual action of insulin as it binds to its receptor interfering with the cell signaling pathways. This interferes with the absorption of glucose into the cells thus leaving a high level of it in the blood. The body compensates by producing too much insulin. The glucose then crosses the placenta and reaches the fetus. The baby runs the risk of having a larger body and increased insulin production, and thus susceptible to low blood glucose levels. Postpartum hemorrhage occurs when the uterus does not contract normally after delivery, the blood vessels bleed freely and hemorrhage. It is defined by the loss of 500ml of blood within 24 hours. In twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, blood passes from one fetus to another through connecting blood vessels. After some time, one fetus receives too much blood, overloading the cardiovascular system. This causes too much amniotic fluid to develop with one twin while the other twin has too little amniotic fluid. Placental abruption occurs when the placenta partially or completely separates from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery decreasing the baby’s supply of oxygen and nutrients and causing heavy bleeding. Intrauterine growth restriction is a condition where the baby is smaller than expected for the number of weeks of pregnancy (Gilman, 2021). The lack of energy and oxygen inhibits the growth of the baby and may cause delayed development, underdeveloped organs and tissues, etc. There are many complications that occur when a mother is pregnant with multiples, especially if she is over the age of 30 years old.

Kindly,

Jerilyn Walters

References:

Cleveland Medical. (2020, December 12) Expecting Twins or Triplets. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9710-expecting-twins-or-triplets

Beaumont. (n.d) Beaumont. Complications of Multiples Pregnancy. Retrieved from https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/multiple-birth-complications

Gilman, C. (2021, February 25) Multiple Birth Complications. Retrieved from https://www.gilmanbedigian.com/multiple-birth-complications/

Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2021) Health. Complications of Multiple Pregnancy. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/staying-healthy-during-pregnancy/complications-of-multiple-pregnancy

Kee-Hak, L. (2018, November 29) Medscape. Preeclampsia. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1476919-overview#:~:text=Preeclampsia%20is%20a%20disorder%20of%20widespread%20vascular%20endothelial,hypertension%20and%20proteinuria%2C%20with%20or%20without%20pathologic%20edema.

Mayo Clinic. (2020, January 18) Placental Abruption. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/placental-abruption/symptoms-causes/syc-20376458#:~:text=Placental%20abruption.%20Placental%20abruption%20The%20placenta%20is%20a,nutrients%20and%20cause%20heavy%20bleeding%20in%20the%

2) AB       1 postsRe: Topic 7 DQ 2

Class, 
Multiple pregnancy has know to increased risks for complications during and after birth. So mothers sometimes suffers from high blood pressure that leads to preeclampsia. So, women with this condition are considered high risk due to the fact that Preeclampsia, formerly called toxemia, is when pregnant women have high blood pressure, protein in their urine, and swelling in their legs, feet, and hands. This, this condition may affect the well being or homeostasis off the outer organs in the body. 

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